Interferon-Inducible Protein 10 and Disease Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus Nephritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

There is increasing evidence of a correlation between interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) and disease activity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN). We conducted a comprehensive search on IP-10 using MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane electronic databases from the beginning to the end of December 2017. All studies that compared serum and/or urine IP-10 between active SLE/LN patients and any control groups were identified and included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The mean difference (MD) of IP-10 level among active SLE and LN patients, as well as the correlation of IP-10 with disease activity, were meta-analyzed using a random-effects model. From 23 eligible studies, 15 provided adequate data for meta-analysis. Serum IP-10 was significantly elevated in patients with active SLE compared to non-active SLE patients (MD 356.5 pg/mL, 95% CI 59.6 to 653.4, p = 0.019). On the other hand, the levels of serum IP-10 was not different between active LN and non-active LN. However, serum IP-10 was positively correlated with disease activity like SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) (pooled r = 0.29, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.35, p < 0.001). Furthermore, urine IP-10 tended to be higher in patients with active LN compared to non-active LN patients but this did not reach statistical significance (MD 3.47 pg/mgCr × 100, 95% CI -0.18 to 7.12, p = 0.06). Nevertheless, urine IP-10 was positively correlated with renal SLEDAI (pooled r = 0.29, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.50, p = 0.019). In conclusion, serum and urine IP-10 levels may be useful in monitoring the disease activity of SLE and LN. Serum IP-10 was correlated with systemic disease whereas urine IP-10 was a useful biomarker for detecting active LN.

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis improves both the number and memory function of CD4 T cells in uremic patients.

Cell-mediated immune response (CMIR) was studied in 16 ESRD (end-stage renal disease) patients prior to and after 6 months of treatment with CAPD (continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis). Quantitative assessment of the CMI system showed that the mean values of number and percentage of total lymphocyte count, CD4, CD8, and CD4/CD8 in ESRD patients were lower than in the normal population. Such values, however, were significantly increased after 6 months of CAPD treatment. To determine qualitative function of the CMI system, both in vitro (PHA stimulation test) and in vivo (multi CMI skin test) tests were examined. There were no significant changes in the results of PHA stimulation test after 6 months of CAPD treatment. In multi CMI skin test, the number of patients converting from negative to positive result was obviously noted following CAPD therapy for 6 months. In conclusion, both quantitative and qualitative CMI impairment existing in ESRD patients could be corrected, although not completely, by 6-month CAPD treatment.