RESUMEN
Resumen ANTECEDENTES: El embarazo abdominal representa el 1% de los embarazos ectópicos, con una mortalidad materna que puede alcanzar, incluso, hasta el 20% y una mortalidad fetal hasta del 90%. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 31 años, en curso de las 39 semanas del segundo embarazo. El primero se atendió, sin complicaciones, en el domicilio cuando tenía 25 años; enseguida se le indicó, como método anticonceptivo, acetato de medroxiprogesterona inyectable trimestral. Acudió al Hospital Regional Docente de Cajamarca debido a un dolor abdominal luego de siete controles prenatales. Se ingresó al servicio de Obstetricia al tercer día con pródromos de labor de parto, feto en transverso y placenta previa. En la cesárea de urgencia el útero se encontró de 18 cm, la placenta adherida al epiplón, intestino, colon sigmoide, recto y pared izquierda del útero. Se obtuvo una recién nacida con Apgar 8-9, sin malformaciones. Se practicaron: extracción de la placenta, histerectomía abdominal subtotal y salpingooforectomía izquierda. El sangrado intraoperatorio fue de 1800 mL por lo que ameritó la transfusión de dos paquetes globulares. La madre y su hija evolucionaron favorablemente por lo que se dieron de alta del hospital, sin complicaciones. CONCLUSIÓN: El embarazo abdominal es un evento raro, sobre todo si llega a término y con un recién nacido vivo saludable. A pesar de los estudios ultrasonográficos, el embarazo abdominal no es de diagnóstico fácil; por eso casi todos se diagnostican durante la cirugía. Si la placenta no afecta estructuras vasculares extensas, ni órganos abdominopélvicos, podrá retirse, con cuidados extremos, para no originar males mayores.
Abstract BACKGROUND: Abdominal pregnancy represents 1% of ectopic pregnancies, with a maternal mortality that can reach up to 20% and a fetal mortality of up to 90%. CLINICAL CASE: 31-year-old female patient, in the course of 39 weeks of her second pregnancy. The first pregnancy was attended, without complications, at home when she was 25 years old; she was immediately prescribed quarterly injectable medroxyprogesterone acetate as a contraceptive method. She went to the Regional Teaching Hospital of Cajamarca due to abdominal pain after seven prenatal check-ups. She was admitted to the obstetrics service on the third day with prodromes of labor, transverse fetus and placenta previa. In the emergency cesarean section the uterus was found to be 18 cm, the placenta adhered to the omentum, intestine, sigmoid colon, rectum and left wall of the uterus. A newborn was obtained with Apgar 8-9, without malformations. Placental extraction, subtotal abdominal hysterectomy and left salpingo-oophorectomy were performed. Intraoperative bleeding was 1800 mL, which required the transfusion of two packs of red blood cells. The mother and daughter evolved favorably and were discharged from the hospital without complications. CONCLUSION: Abdominal pregnancy is a rare event, especially if it is carried to term with a healthy live newborn. Despite ultrasonographic studies, abdominal pregnancy is not easily diagnosed; therefore almost all are diagnosed during surgery. If the placenta does not affect extensive vascular structures or abdominopelvic organs, it can be removed, with extreme care, so as not to cause greater harm.
RESUMEN
The recently reported processing strategy called solvent-targeted recovery and precipitation (STRAP) enables deconstruction of multilayer plastic packaging films into their constituent resins by selective dissolution. It uses a series of solvent washes that are guided by thermodynamic calculations of polymer solubility. In this work, the use of antisolvents in the STRAP process was reduced and solvent mixtures were considered to enable the temperature-controlled dissolution and precipitation of the target polymers in multilayer films. This was considered as a means to further improve the STRAP process and its estimated costs. Two STRAP approaches were compared based on different polymer precipitation techniques: precipitation by the addition of an antisolvent (STRAP-A) and precipitation by decreasing the solvent temperature (STRAP-B). Both approaches were able to separate the constituent polymers in a post-industrial film composed primarily of polyethylene (PE), ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with near 100 % material efficiency. Technoeconomic analysis indicates that the minimum selling price (MSP) of the recycled resins with STRAP-B is 21.0 % lower than that achieved with STRAP-A. This provides evidence that thermally driven polymer precipitation is an option to reduce the use of antisolvents, making the STRAP process more economically and environmentally attractive. A third process, STRAP-C, was demonstrated with another post-industrial multilayer film of a different composition. The results demonstrate that this process can also recover polymers at similar costs to those of virgin resins, indicating that the STRAP technology is flexible and can remain economically competitive as the plastic feed complexity is increased.
RESUMEN
Systems for collecting image data in conjunction with computer vision techniques are a powerful tool for increasing the temporal resolution at which plant phenotypes can be measured non-destructively. Computational tools that are flexible and extendable are needed to address the diversity of plant phenotyping problems. We previously described the Plant Computer Vision (PlantCV) software package, which is an image processing toolkit for plant phenotyping analysis. The goal of the PlantCV project is to develop a set of modular, reusable, and repurposable tools for plant image analysis that are open-source and community-developed. Here we present the details and rationale for major developments in the second major release of PlantCV. In addition to overall improvements in the organization of the PlantCV project, new functionality includes a set of new image processing and normalization tools, support for analyzing images that include multiple plants, leaf segmentation, landmark identification tools for morphometrics, and modules for machine learning.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: Indagar sobre los conocimientos y actitudes en el pregrado de medicina tiene un alto interés estratégico para corregir errores e implementar acciones en la política de fomento a la investigación de una Escuela de Medicina. Material y Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal y analítico, se aplicó un cuestionario validado sobre conocimientos y actitudes relacionados con la investigación a una muestra representativa de estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad Hispanoamericana utilizando el programa estadístico EpiDat versión 4.1, con un nivel de confianza del 95%, precisión del 5%, considerando una proporción esperada de 53,7%, y un 15% de ajuste, se obtuvo 233 de tamaño muestral. Se realizó el análisis de las variables categóricas y cuantitativas. Resultados: Se analizaron los 233 cuestionarios (58,4% mujeres) con una edad promedio de 21,7 años ± 4,2. Sólo un 17,6% refieren haber asistido a un curso extracurricular de investigación científica. Un 14,6% de los encuestados tenía un buen nivel de conocimientos y 21,5% una adecuada actitud hacia la investigación, siendo mayor en las mujeres (62.7%). Tener un buen nivel de conocimientos en investigación, se asoció a Año de estudios, haber llevado un curso de investigación extracurricular y pertenecer a un grupo de investigación (p<0,05). Conclusión: el nivel de conocimientos sobre la investigación es deficiente y la actitud hacia ella es predominantemente inadecuada.
RESUMEN
El carcinoma de células escamosas (CE) es una patología rara, su incidencia es del 0,13 a 1.9 casos por 100.000 habitantes, que acontece con más frecuencia en varones entre la quinta y séptima década de la vida. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 42 años con CE con invasión a orbita de ojo izquierdo que fue sometida a exenteraciòn.
The carcinoma ofscaly cells (CE) it is a strange pathology, their incidence it is from the 0,13 to 1.9 cases for 100.000 inhabitants that it happens with more frequency in males between the fifth and seventh decade of the life. We present the case of a 42 year-old patient with CE with invasion to it orbits from left eye that was subjected to exenteracion.
