RESUMEN
A cystic dilatation of the terminal portion of the minor pancreatic duct (duct of Santorini) is referred to as a santorinicele. It is usually associated with pancreas divisum and has been suggested to be a cause of relative stenosis of the minor papilla, often leading to recurrent pancreatitis. While this anomaly has been reported in the paediatric population, it is more commonly found in the elderly. We present a 27-year-old woman with recurrent acute pancreatitis attributed to a santorinicele with a dorsal duct-exclusive pancreatic drainage.
Asunto(s)
Pancreatitis Aguda Necrotizante/etiología , Adulto , Dilatación Patológica , Femenino , Humanos , Páncreas/patología , Enfermedades Pancreáticas/complicaciones , Enfermedades Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Pancreáticas/patología , Conductos Pancreáticos/patología , Pancreatitis Aguda Necrotizante/diagnóstico , RecurrenciaRESUMEN
Tumours of the pancreas presenting as haematemesis are rare entities, with scarce documentation in literature. We report a 50-year-old woman who presented with haematemesis secondary to gastric fundal variceal bleeding due to splenic vein occlusion by a large mucinous cystadenoma of the pancreas. We also review the literature pertaining to unusual pathologies presenting as haematemesis.
Asunto(s)
Cistoadenoma Mucinoso/complicaciones , Várices Esofágicas y Gástricas/etiología , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiología , Hematemesis/etiología , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/complicaciones , Várices Esofágicas y Gástricas/complicaciones , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vena Esplénica/patologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: In the absence of an explicit maximum blood order policy, ordering for blood transfusion is frequently based on subjective anticipation of blood loss instead of evidence based estimates of average requirement in a particular procedure. This study was done to assess current practice and the feasibility of a prospective randomized work to develop practice guidelines. METHOD: We audited transfusion data for elective surgical procedures in our hospital during the last 2 years. Cross-matched to transfused ratio (C/T ratio) and Transfusion Index (Ti) for each of the elective surgical procedures was performed during the study period. C/T ratio is used as a measure of the efficiency of blood ordering practice. It should ideally be between 2 and 2.5. We compared our results with the ideal. RESULTS: Data was analyzed for 32 elective surgical procedures in 2131 patients. Majority (2079) (97.56%) of the patients had C/T ratios higher than 2.5. Only 12 in 450 (21.11%) patients, had a Transfusion Index (Ti) higher than 0.5. There were 13 procedures in which both C/T ratio was greater than 2.5 and Ti less than or equal to 0.5. CONCLUSION: In vast majority of elective surgical procedures routine cross match is not necessary. We propose a draft Maximum Surgical Blood Ordering Schedule (MSBOS). It provides guidelines for frequently performed elective surgical procedures by recommending the maximum number of units of blood to be cross-matched preoperatively. Implementation of MSBOS will result in about 60% reduction of cost to the patients.
Asunto(s)
Bancos de Sangre/provisión & distribución , Bancos de Sangre/normas , Transfusión Sanguínea/normas , Hospitales Universitarios/provisión & distribución , Hospitales Universitarios/normas , Auditoría Administrativa , Pérdida de Sangre Quirúrgica , HumanosRESUMEN
The effect of additional oral ofloxacin administration was evaluated in 19 HIV-negative patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Their mean duration of illness was 3.6 years. Based on chest roentgenograms, 13 patients had advanced disease and 6 had moderate disease. In addition to 'second-line drugs', patients were treated with oral ofloxacin; high dose 800 mg per day (12 patients), low dose 400 mg per day (2 patients) and intermittent twice a week regimen of 800 mg a day (5 patients). With treatment, there was a significant clinical improvement. Sputum smear conversion occurred in 18 patients (mean duration 15 weeks) and this sputum smear negativity persisted for a mean duration of 7 months. Chest roentgenograms revealed regression of lesions in 18 patients. Reversible side effects were encountered in four patients. Results of present study suggest that additional administration of oral ofloxacin is both effective and safe for the treatment of MDR-TB.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Ofloxacino/uso terapéutico , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/tratamiento farmacológico , Administración Oral , Adolescente , Adulto , Antituberculosos/uso terapéutico , Interpretación Estadística de Datos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Radiografía , Esputo/microbiología , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to determine the stated willingness of parents/caretakers to allow the administration of multiple, injected immunizations to their children at a single visit. Two hundred eighty-one parents/caretakers accompanying their children to an inner-city pediatric clinic were presented with hypothetical situations in which their children would be due for two, three, or four injections to complete their series of age-appropriate immunizations. Given a scenario of two needed injections, 24 (8.5%) of the 281 parents/caretakers preferred to divide the injections between two visits; for three injections, 119 (42.3%) preferred two visits; and for four injections, 164 (58.4%) preferred two visits. The commonly stated preference of our predominantly minority parent/caretaker population to divide more than two injections between two visits seriously conflicts with the US Public Health Service's National Vaccine Advisory Committee's recommendations and potentially exacerbates immunization delays. Therefore, physicians must be prepared to strongly urge simultaneous administration of all needed vaccine doses at any opportunity.
Asunto(s)
Actitud Frente a la Salud , Inmunización/normas , Inyecciones/psicología , Adulto , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Femenino , Política de Salud , Humanos , Inmunización/psicología , Lactante , Masculino , Grupos Minoritarios , Padres/psicología , Rol del Médico , Estados Unidos , Población UrbanaRESUMEN
A simple and sensitive ELISA was developed to characterize the interaction between polymerised human serum albumin (pHSA) and HBsAg, using pHSA-coated polyvinylmicrotitre plates as solid phase and anti-HBs-coupled HRPO as the conjugate. The interaction was found to be specific and dependent on the size of albumin polymer. pHSA-binding activity (pHSA-BA) was studied in both HBsAg-negative and HBsAg-positive sera from various liver diseases including acute viral hepatitis, fulminant hepatitis, cirrhosis of liver, chronic active hepatitis, and healthy HBsAg carriers. pHSA-BA was detected only in HBsAg-positive sera. Analysis of HBsAg-positive sera indicated pHSA-BA in high proportions of patients sera as compared to sera from healthy HBsAg carriers. pHSA-BA was detected both in the presence and absence of HBe markers, though the mean BA was relatively high in presence of HBeAg. The effect of human serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, and IgM) on the BA was investigated and a correlation between pHSA-BA and HBsAg-IgM complex positivity in sera was established. Finally, the probable role of human serum IgM in facilitating the binding process was discussed.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/metabolismo , Hepatitis B/inmunología , Albúmina Sérica/metabolismo , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Antígenos de la Hepatitis B/inmunología , Hepatitis Crónica/inmunología , Hepatitis Viral Humana/inmunología , Humanos , Cirrosis Hepática/inmunología , Unión Proteica , Albúmina Sérica HumanaRESUMEN
Peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) from patients with invasive amoebiasis, i.e. amoebic liver abscess (ALA) and acute amoebic dysentery, showed marked elevation of nitroblue tetrazolium dye (NBT) reduction. This dramatic change was not observed in PMN from patients with non-invasive amoebiasis, i.e. non-suppurative hepatic amoebiasis, or in asymptomatic Entamoeba histolytica cyst passers. A small number (12%) of patients with viral hepatitis displayed increased NBT reduction. 10 to 12 days after recovery following treatment, the majority (75%) of ALA patients failed to show increased NBT reduction. Our results suggest that the PMN-NBT reduction test could be useful as an aid to the diagnosis of ALA.
Asunto(s)
Absceso Hepático Amebiano/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Nitroazul de Tetrazolio , Sales de Tetrazolio , Disentería Amebiana/metabolismo , Hepatitis Viral Humana/metabolismo , Humanos , Absceso Hepático Amebiano/diagnóstico , Oxidación-ReducciónRESUMEN
Enzyme linked protein-A was used to develop an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system for the detection of circulating antibodies to amoebic antigen. The specificity of protein-A to bind IgG only through Fc receptors, makes the test more specific for the detection of IgG antibodies to amoebic antigen. The ELISA system was used to detect amoebic antibody in control subjects (56), patients with amoebic liver abscess (79) and Entamoeba histolytica cyst-passers (10) and the results compared with those of indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA). The ELISA was more sensitive and detected 74.7% of cases with amoebic antibody in amoebic liver abscess compared with 66.7% detected by IHA. The test was more specific, sensitive and easy to perform and is recommended as a test of choice for the serological diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos/análisis , Entamoeba histolytica/inmunología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Absceso Hepático Amebiano/diagnóstico , Proteína Estafilocócica A , Antígenos de Protozoos/inmunología , Entamebiasis/diagnóstico , Femenino , Peroxidasa de Rábano Silvestre/inmunología , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Enzyme linked protein-A has been used to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect circulating IgG antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The specific binding of protein-A to IgG fractions through Fc receptors, makes the test more specific for detection of total IgG antibodies. The ELISA system has been used for detection of circulating antibodies to M. tuberculosis H37Ra in 22 patients with histologically proven intestinal tuberculosis and 88 healthy controls, in addition to 7 diseased controls. The ELISA has been found to be a sensitive test as it was positive in all 22 patients with intestinal tuberculosis. Its specificity was 85% in Indian controls and 97% in Norwegian controls. The test is easy to perform and may be recommended for the serological diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis.
Asunto(s)
Inmunoglobulina G/análisis , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/inmunología , Proteína Estafilocócica A/inmunología , Tuberculosis Gastrointestinal/inmunología , Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Humanos , Tuberculosis Gastrointestinal/diagnósticoRESUMEN
The diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis can only be established by the tissue obtained during surgery or endoscopy. We investigated the role of the soluble antigen fluorescent antibody (SAFA) test with the possibility that it may prove to be a valuable technique for the serodiagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis. The sera of 38 patients and 60 control subjects were studied. Mycobacterial saline extract was used as an antigen in the test. Thirty-two (84%) of 38 patients with intestinal tuberculosis yielded positive values (fluorescence coefficient greater than 3). Among the control subjects a false positive result was observed in only one patient who had eosinophilic enteritis. Patients with intestinal tuberculosis had a significantly higher level of antibodies than patients with non-tuberculous intestinal disease and healthy subjects. These results suggest that this technique may be used for the diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis and in differentiating it from other non-tuberculous intestinal diseases.
Asunto(s)
Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Tuberculosis Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Femenino , Humanos , Enfermedades Intestinales/inmunología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/inmunología , Pruebas Serológicas , Solubilidad , Tuberculosis Gastrointestinal/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The efficacy of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and soluble antigen fluorescent antibody (SAFA) tests in the diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis was compared using saline extracted surface antigen of M. tuberculosis H37Ra. Of the 24 proved cases of intestinal tuberculosis ELISA detected positivity in 92% compared with 83% detected by the SAFA test. The 2 tests showed a strong correlation with each other and yielded a clear cut difference between patients and controls, although there was some degree of overlap.
Asunto(s)
Tuberculosis Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , HumanosRESUMEN
The saline extract (SE) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra yielded four major fractions on Sephadex G-100, with average molecular weights of 48,000 (fraction I, F I) 32,000 (fraction II, F II), 15,000 (fraction III, F III) and 5,000 (fraction IV, F IV). FI and FII gave single bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, showed complete immunological cross-reactivity with each other and were more potent in reacting with antibodies in patients' (tuberculosis) sera than sonicate, SE, purified protein derivative, F III and F IV when tested in a competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos Bacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/inmunología , Cromatografía en Gel , Reacciones Cruzadas , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Humanos , Inmunoquímica , Pruebas Serológicas , Cloruro de Sodio/farmacología , Tuberculosis/diagnóstico , Tuberculosis Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico , Tuberculosis Gastrointestinal/inmunologíaAsunto(s)
Placa Dental/epidemiología , Bolsa Periodontal/epidemiología , Periodontitis/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Placa Dental/complicaciones , Placa Dental/microbiología , Placa Dental/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Bolsa Periodontal/etiología , Bolsa Periodontal/patologíaRESUMEN
The biopsy tissue obtained during surgery and colonoscopy from 28 cases of intestinal tuberculosis was utilized for isolation and identification of mycobacteria. The mycobacteria could be isolated in 12 (42%) of 28 patients. Colonoscopy can be a successful method of bacteriological diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis. Mycobacteria were scarcely ever seen on histological sections. Combined use of guinea pig inoculation and culture was more rewarding than either alone. The yield of positive cultures was greater in tissue with caseation necrosis, though organisms were also recovered from tissues showing non-caseating granuloma and non-specific inflammation. The intestinal tissue gave more positive cultures (41%) than did lymph nodes (14%). The organisms were isolated in patients with or without pulmonary lesions and chemotherapy in the past. All the organisms were isolated as Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Ciego/microbiología , Enfermedades del Colon/microbiología , Enfermedades del Íleon/microbiología , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/aislamiento & purificación , Tuberculosis Gastrointestinal/microbiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Biopsia , Enfermedades del Ciego/cirugía , Ciego/microbiología , Colon/microbiología , Enfermedades del Colon/cirugía , Colonoscopía , Femenino , Humanos , Enfermedades del Íleon/cirugía , Íleon/microbiología , Masculino , Tuberculosis Gastrointestinal/complicaciones , Tuberculosis Gastrointestinal/cirugía , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/complicacionesRESUMEN
The colonoscopic findings in 11 proven cases of ileocecal tuberculosis consisted of deformed ileocecal valve in all 11 and contracted cecal lumen in 10. This was associated with mucosal nodules predominantly around the ileocecal valve, pseudopolypoid folds, and mucosal protuberance. Two patients had an isolated cecal ulcer. In three of the 11 patients the examination enabled a histologic diagnosis to be made on the basis of typical granuloma. In the other four patients Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated from the tissue obtained through biopsies.