Chemical reactivities and molecular docking studies of parthenolide with the main protease of HEP-G2 and SARS-CoV-2.

We have used bioinformatics to identify drugs for the treatment of COVID-19, using drugs already being tested for the treatment as benchmarks like Remdesivir and Chloroquine. Our findings provide further support for drugs that are already being explored as therapeutic agents for the treatment of COVID-19 and identify promising new targets that merit further investigation. In addition, the epoxidation of Parthenolide 1 using peracids, has been scrutinized within the MEDT at the B3LYP/6-311(d,p) computational level. DFT results showed a high chemoselectivity on the double bond C3[bond, double bond]C4, in full agreement with the experimental outcomes. ELF analysis demonstrated that epoxidation reaction took place through a one-step mechanism, in which the formation of the two new C-O single bonds is somewhat asynchronous.

Protective effect of Enterococcus faecalis DAPTO 512 on the intestinal tract and gut mucosa: milk allergy application.

The allergenicity of ß-lactoglobulin (ß-Lg) was studied by using Ussing chamber in a murine model of ß-Lg allergy supplemented with hydrolysates obtained after fermentation of milk for 48 h at 37 (°)C with Enterococcus faecalis DAPTO 512, isolated from cow milk and identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Balb/c mice were sensitised intraperitoneally with ß-Lg. Three groups of mice were formed: group 1, composed of naive mice used as control received only NaCl; group 2, positive control composed of mice sensitised intraperitoneally with ß-Lg; group 3, formed by mice which were given hydrolysates of 48 h then sensitised with ß-Lg. After 48 h of fermentation ß-casein and ß-Lg were degraded by E. faecalis DAPTO 512. ß-Lg immunisation was associated with strong IgG and IgE production in case of positive controls and a significant increase in short current circuit (Isc) and high conductance (G) responses were observed. The control and the hydrolysate groups showed a significant decrease in the production of IgG and IgE anti ß-Lg compared to the positive control. The allergenic potential of ß-Lg was markedly reduced in the group that received hydrolysates (Isc and G remained unchanged after intestine challenge with ß-Lg). The histological scrutiny showed villi atrophy, lymphocyte hyperplasia and a significant chorion detachment in the positive control group. In the group administered with hydrolysates of fermented milk, inflammatory signs were lower, the villi were long and thin and lymphocytes were less dense. The results showed that feeding of milk fermented with E. faecalis DAPTO 512 during 18 days prior to ß-Lg allergy induction exerts a protecting effect on the murine intestine and induces a significant decrease in the ß-Lg allergenicity.

Impact of gamma-radiation on antigenic properties of cow's milk beta-lactoglobulin.

This study evaluated the effects of gamma-radiation on the antigenic properties of beta-lactoglobulin in cow's milk. Liquid and lyophilized samples of cow's milk and whey were irradiated with gamma-cells (60Co) at dose levels of 3, 5, and 10 kGy, at room temperature in the presence of air. Effects of treatment on proteins were monitored by Lowry's method, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Radiation did not affect the molecular-weight distributions of proteins, but it did reduce their solubility. Furthermore, results showed that irradiation at 10 kGy increased the recognition of milk and whey powders by anti-beta-lactoglobulin (beta-Lg) rabbit immunoglobulin G, with the other samples remaining antigenically stable. These results indicate that gamma-rays do not reduce cow's milk beta-lactoglobulin antigenicity.

Jejunal response to beta-lactoglobulin in infants with cow's milk allergy.

Weaning is a transient period of life during which maternal proteins are replaced by foreign proteins. Concomitantly, in early postnatal life, both digestive and immune systems undergo a maturation process. Allergy to cow's milk protein may develop in human infants during weaning, determining digestive, respiratory, cutaneous or systemic symptoms. We studied the intestinal response to bovine milk beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) in infants with cow's milk allergy, first during the active phase, and then during the symptom-free stage. During the active phase, transepithelial transport of the beta-LG across the intestinal epithelial layer stimulated the sensitized subepithelial immune cells. This stimulation induced a rise in short-circuit current suggestive of an electrogenic chloride secretion and impaired protein handling by the epithelium. These findings underline the dual role of the epithelial layer in intestinal function: on one hand, it takes an active part in allowing dietary antigens to stimulate the submucosal system, and on the other hand becomes the target for mediators involved in food allergy.