Surface-Integrating Oxygen Vacancy and CuxO Nanodots Enabling Synergistic Electric Field and Dual Catalytic Sites Boosting CO2 Photoreduction.

High carrier separation efficiency and rapid surface catalytic reaction are crucial for enhancing catalytic CO2 photoreduction reaction. Herein, integrated surface decoration strategy with oxygen vacancies (Ov) and anchoring CuxO (1 < x < 2) nanodots below 10 nm is realized on Bi2MoO6 for promoting CO2 photoreduction performance. The charge interaction between Ov and anchored CuxO enables the formation of enhanced internal electric field, which provides a strong driving force for accelerating the separation of photocharge carriers on the surface of Bi2MoO6 (ηsurf ≈71%). They can also cooperatively reduce the surface work function of Bi2MoO6, facilitating the migration of carrier to the surface. Meanwhile, surface-integrated Ov and CuxO nanodots allowing dual catalytic sites strengthens the adsorption and activation CO2 into *CO2 over Bi2MoO6, considerably boosting the progression of CO2 conversion process. In the absence of co-catalyst or sacrificial agent, Bi2MoO6 with Ov and CuxO nanodots achieves a photocatalytic CO generation rate of 12.75 µmol g-1 h-1, a remarkable increase of over ≈15 times that of the original counterpart. This work provides a new idea for governing charge movement behaviors and catalytic reaction thermodynamics on the basis of synergistic improvement of electric field and active sites by coupling of the internal defects and external species.

Construction and Validation of Novel Ferroptosis-related Risk Score Signature and Prognostic Prediction Nomogram for Patients with Colorectal Cancer.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a high morbidity and mortality. Ferroptosis is a phenomenon in which metabolism and cell death are closely related. The role of ferroptosis-related genes in the progression of CRC is still not clear. Therefore, we screened and validated the ferroptosis-related genes which could determine the prevalence, risk and prognosis of patients with CRC. Methods: We firstly screened differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Then, these genes were used to construct a risk-score model using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression algorithm. The function and prognosis of the ferroptosis-related genes were confirmed using multi-omics analysis. The gene expression results were validated using publicly available databases and qPCR. We also used publicly available data and ferroptosis-related genes to construct a prognostic prediction nomogram. Results: A total of 24 differential expressed genes associated with ferroptosis were screened in this study. A three-gene risk score model was then established based on these 24 genes and GPX3, CDKN2A and SLC7A11 were selected. The significant prognostic value of this novel three-gene signature was also assessed. Furthermore, we conducted RT-qPCR analysis on cell lines and tissues, and validated the high expression of CDKN2A, GPX3 and low expression of SLC7A11 in CRC cells. The observed mRNA expression of GPX3, CDKN2A and SLC7A11 was consistent with the predicted outcomes. Besides, eight variables including selected ferroptosis related genes were included to establish the prognostic prediction nomogram for patients with CRC. The calibration plots showed favorable consistency between the prediction of the nomogram and actual observations. Also, the time-dependent AUC (>0.7) indicated satisfactory discriminative ability of the nomogram. Conclusions: The present study constructed and validated a novel ferroptosis-related three-gene risk score signature and a prognostic prediction nomogram for patients with CRC. Also, we screened and validated the ferroptosis-related genes GPX3, CDKN2A, and SLC7A11 which could serve as novel biomarkers for patients with CRC.

Supramolecular 3 in 1: A Lubrication and Co-Delivery System for Synergistic Advanced Osteoarthritis Therapy.

The complexity, heterogeneity, and drug resistance of diseases necessitate a shift in therapeutic paradigms from monotherapy to combination therapy, which could augment treatment efficiency. Effective treatment of advanced osteoarthritis (OA) requires addressing three key factors contributing to its deterioration: chronic joint inflammation, lubrication dysfunction, and cartilage-tissue degradation. Herein, we present a supramolecular nanomedicine of multifunctionality via molecular recognition and self-assembly. The employed macrocyclic carrier, zwitterion-modified cavitand (CV-2), not only accurately loads various drugs but also functions as a therapeutic agent with lubricating properties for the treatment of OA. Kartogenin (KGN), a drug for articular cartilage regeneration and protection, and flurbiprofen (FP), an anti-inflammatory agent, were coloaded onto CV-2 assembly, forming a supramolecular nanomedicine KGN&FP@CV-2. The three-in-one combination therapy of KGN&FP@CV-2 addresses the three pathological features for treating OA collectively, and thus provides long-term therapeutic benefits for OA through sustained drug release and intrinsic lubrication in vivo. The multifunctional integration of macrocyclic delivery and therapeutics provides a simple, flexible, and universal platform for the synergistic treatment of diseases involving multiple drugs.

Role of galacturonic acid in acrylamide formation: Insights from structural analysis.

Acrylamide (AA) is a neoformed compound in heated foods, mainly produced between asparagine (Asn) and glucose (Glc) during the Maillard reaction. Galacturonic acid (GalA), the major component of pectin, exhibits high activity in AA formation. This study investigated the pathway for AA formation between GalA and Asn. Three possible pathways were proposed: 1) The carbonyl group of GalA directly interacts with Asn to produce AA; 2) GalA undergoes an oxidative cleavage reaction to release α-dicarbonyl compounds, which subsequently leads to AA production; 3) 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid, the thermal degradation product of GalA, reacts with Asn to generate AA. Structural analysis revealed that the COOH group in GalA accelerated intramolecular protonation and electron transfer processes, thereby increasing the formation of AA precursors such as decarboxylated Schiff base and α-dicarbonyl compounds, promoting AA formation. This study provides a theoretical basis and new insights into the formation and control of AA.

Characteristic cembrane-type diterpenoids with nitric oxide inhibitory activity from the gum resin of Boswellia carterii Birdw.

Five new characteristic cembrane-type diterpenoids (olibacartiols A-E, 1-5) were acquired from the gum resin of Boswellia carterii. The structures of these diterpenoids were characterized by detailed spectroscopic analysis, and compounds 1-3 were unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments. The anti-inflammatory activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated using LPS-induced BV2 cell model and compounds 2-5 showed moderate NO inhibitory effects with IC50 values of 8.84 ±â€¯1.02, 9.82 ±â€¯1.95, 9.75 ±â€¯2.24, and 7.39 ±â€¯1.24 µM, respectively.

Synergistic effects of superfine grinding and high hydrostatic pressure on the contents, distribution, digestive behaviors and antioxidant activities of polyphenols in barley leaves.

Barley leaves (BLs) naturally contained abundant phenolics, most of which are hardly completely released from food matrix during gastrointestinal digestion. Superfine grinding (SFG) and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) are generally used to treat the functional plants due to their effectiveness to cell wall-breaking and improvement of nutraceutical bioavailability. Thus, this study investigated the synergistic effects of SFG and HHP (100, 300, 500 MPa/20 min) on the bioaccessbility of typical phenolics in BLs during the simulated in-vitro digestion. The results demonstrated that the highest bioaccessbility (40.98%) was found in the ultrafine sample with HHP at 500 MPa. CLSM and SEM confirmed SFG led to microstructurally rapture of BLs. Moreover, the recovery index of ABTS radical scavenging activity and FRAP of HHP-treated ultrafine and fine BLs samples maximumly increased by 53.62% and 9.61%, respectively. This study is expecting to provide the theoretical basis to improve the consumer acceptance of BLs.

Determination of Acetylamantadine by γ-Cyclodextrin-Assisted α-HL Nanopore for Potential Cancer Prediagnosis.

The high expression of Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT-1) is an important indicator in early cancer diagnosis. Here, we developed a nanopore-based methodology with γ-cyclodextrin as an adaptor to detect and quantify acetylamantadine, the specific SSAT-1-catalyzed product from amantadine, to accordingly reflect the activity of SSAT-1. We employ γ-cyclodextrin and report that amantadine cannot cause any secondary signals in γ-cyclodextrin-assisted α-HL nanopore, while its acetylation product, acetylamantadine, does. This allows γ-cyclodextrin to practically detect acetylamantadine in the interference of excessive amantadine, superior to the previously reported ß-cyclodextrin. The quantification of acetylamantadine was not interfered with even a 50-fold amantadine and displayed no interference in artificial urine sample analysis, which indicates the good feasibility of this nanopore-based methodology in painless cancer prediagnosis. In addition, the discrimination mechanism is also explored by 2-D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and nanopore experiments with a series of adamantane derivatives with different hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups. We found that both the hydrophobic region matching effect and hydrophilic interactions play a synergistic effect in forming a host-guest complex to further generate the characteristic signals, which may provide insights for the subsequent design and study of drug-cyclodextrin complexes.

Asia-Pacific consensus on long-term and sequential therapy for osteoporosis.

Objectives: This study aimed to present the Asia-Pacific consensus on long-term and sequential therapy for osteoporosis, offering evidence-based recommendations for the effective management of this chronic condition. The primary focus is on achieving optimal fracture prevention through a comprehensive, individualized approach. Methods: A panel of experts convened to develop consensus statements by synthesizing the current literature and leveraging clinical expertise. The review encompassed long-term anti-osteoporosis medication goals, first-line treatments for individuals at very high fracture risk, and the strategic integration of anabolic and antiresorptive agents in sequential therapy approaches. Results: The panelists reached a consensus on 12 statements. Key recommendations included advocating for anabolic agents as the first-line treatment for individuals at very high fracture risk and transitioning to antiresorptive agents following the completion of anabolic therapy. Anabolic therapy remains an option for individuals experiencing new fractures or persistent high fracture risk despite antiresorptive treatment. In cases of inadequate response, the consensus recommended considering a switch to more potent medications. The consensus also addressed the management of medication-related complications, proposing alternatives instead of discontinuation of treatment. Conclusions: This consensus provides a comprehensive, cost-effective strategy for fracture prevention with an emphasis on shared decision-making and the incorporation of country-specific case management systems, such as fracture liaison services. It serves as a valuable guide for healthcare professionals in the Asia-Pacific region, contributing to the ongoing evolution of osteoporosis management.

InGaN blue resonant cavity micro-LED with RGY quantum dot layer for broad gamut, efficient displays.

The technology of RGBY micro resonant cavity light emitting diodes (micro-RCLEDs) based on quantum dots (QDs) is considered one of the most promising approaches for full-color displays. In this work, we propose a novel structure combining a high color conversion efficiency (CCE) QD photoresist (QDPR) color conversion layer (CCL) with blue light micro RCLEDs, incorporating an ultra-thin yellow color filter. The additional TiO2 particles inside the QDPR CCL can scatter light and disperse QDs, thus reducing the self-aggregation phenomenon and enhancing the eventual illumination uniformity. Considering the blue light leakage, the influences of adding different color filters are investigated by illumination design software. Finally, the introduction of low-temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) passivation protection technology at the top of the CCL can enhance the device's reliability. The introduction of RGBY four-color subpixels provides a viable path for developing low-energy consumption, high uniformity, and efficient color conversion displays.

Interpretable deep learning insights: Unveiling the role of 1 Gy volume on lymphopenia after radiotherapy in breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Lymphopenia is known for its significance on poor survivals in breast cancer (BC) patients. Considering full dosimetric data, this study aimed to develop and validate predictive models for lymphopenia after radiotherapy (RT) in BC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: BC patients treated with adjuvant RT were eligible in this multicenter study. The study endpoint was lympopenia, defined as the reduction in absolute lymphocytes and graded lymphopenia after RT. The dose-volume histogram (DVH) data of related critical structures and clinical factors were taken into account for the development of dense neural network (DNN) predictive models. The developed DNN models were validated using external patient cohorts. RESULTS: Totally 918 consecutive patients with invasive BC enrolled. The training, testing, and external validating datasets consisted of 589, 203, and 126 patients, respectively. Treatment volumes at nearly all dose levels of the DVH were significant predictors for lymphopenia following RT, including volumes at very low-dose 1 Gy (V1) of organs at risk (OARs) including lung, heart and body, especially ipsilateral-lung V1. A final DNN model, combining full DVH dosimetric parameters of OARs and three key clinical factors, achieved a predictive accuracy of 75 % or higher. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated and externally validated the significance of full dosimetric data, particularly the volume of low dose at as low as 1 Gy of critical structures on lymphopenia after radiation in BC patients. The significance of V1 deserves special attention, as modern VMAT RT technology often has a relatively high value of this parameter. Further study warranted for RT plan optimization.

Hesperidin reduces systolic blood pressure in diabetic patients and has no effect on blood pressure in healthy individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

In recent years, there have been a number of studies where hesperidin was administered to modify arterial blood pressure, but the conclusions of each study are contradictory. In order to investigate the effect of hesperidin on blood pressure, we searched the CNKI, Wanfang Database, the VIP database, Sinomed database, Pubmed, Embase and The Cochrane Library databases, and searched the literature on hesperidin and blood pressure published in Chinese and English journals, mainly focusing on patients' systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. The search time frame was from the inception of the databases until December 2023. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the overall quality and used Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ) to measure agreement. We did preliminary screening of the retrieved literature through Notexpress, 14 articles with a total of 656 patients were included. Cochrance data conversion tool was used for data conversion, and RevMan 5.3 was used for meta-analysis, and finally Stata was used to make the Egger's test for the included study. The results of total population blood pressure showed that hesperidin had no antihypertensive effect on the population, but the conclusions changed when the population was divided into groups. The results of different populations showed that hesperidin had no effect on systolic blood pressure (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -0.50, 95% CI: -3.25 ~ 2.26, Z = 0.35, p = 0.72) and diastolic blood pressure (WMD = -0.51, 95% CI: -2.53 ~ 1.51, Z = 0.50, p = 0.62) in healthy individuals. However, hesperidin reduced systolic blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes (WMD = -4.32, 95% CI: - 7.77 ~ - 0.87, Z = 2.45, p = 0.01), and had a tendency to reduce diastolic blood pressure in diabetic patients (WMD = -3.72, 95% CI: -7.63 ~ 0.18, Z = 1.87, p = 0.06). The results in patients with type 2 diabetes needed to be further supported by future research focusing on individuals with diabetes.

NGEF is a potential prognostic biomarker and could serve as an indicator for immunotherapy and chemotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Neuronal guanine nucleotide exchange factor (NGEF) plays a key role in several cancers; however, its role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of NGEF as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for LUAD. METHODS: NGEF expression data for multiple cancers and LUAD were downloaded from multiple databases. The high- and low-NGEF expression groups were constructed based on median NGEF expression in LUAD samples, and then performed Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the two NGEF expression groups were screened and applied to construct a protein-protein interaction network. The primary pathways were obtained using gene set enrichment analysis. The associations between NGEF expression and clinical characteristics, immune infiltration, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), sensitivity to chemotherapy, and tumor mutation burden (TMB) were investigated using R. Levels of NGEF expression in the lung tissue was validated using single-cell RNA sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunohistochemical staining, and western blot analysis. RESULTS: The expression of NGEF mRNA was upregulated in multiple cancers. mRNA and protein expression levels of NGEF were higher in patients with LUAD than in controls, as validated using qPCR and western blot. High NGEF expression was an independent prognostic factor for LUAD and was associated with advanced tumor stage, large tumor size, more lymph node metastasis, and worse overall survival (OS). A total of 182 overlapping DEGs were screened between The Cancer Genome Atlas and GSE31210, among which the top 20 hub genes were identified. NGEF expression was mainly enriched in the pathways of apoptosis, cell cycle, and DNA replication. Moreover, elevated NGEF expression were associated with a high fraction of activated memory CD4+ T cells and M0 macrophages; elevated expression levels of the ICIs: programmed cell death 1 and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 expression; higher TMB; and better sensitivity to bortezomib, docetaxel, paclitaxel, and parthenolide, but less sensitivity to axitinib and metformin. CONCLUSION: NGEF expression is upregulated in LUAD and is significantly associated with tumor stages, OS probability, immune infiltration, immunotherapy response, and chemotherapy response. NGEF may be a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in LUAD.

Effect of the surface coating of carbonyl iron particles on the dispersion stability of magnetorheological fluid.

The dispersion stability of carbonyl iron particle (CIP)-based magnetorheological fluid (MRF) is improved by CIP, which particle is etched with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to form porous structure with many hydroxyl groups and subsequently coated with silane coupling agents that have varying chain lengths. The microstructures, coating effect and magnetism of the CIPs were examined using the Scanning Electron Microscopy, Automatic Surface and Porosity Analyzer (BET), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer. Furthermore, the rheological properties and dispersion stability of the MRFs were assessed using a Rotating Rheometer and Turbiscan-lab. The results revealed that the nanoporous structure appeared on the CIPs and the specific surface area increased remarkably after being etched by hydrochloric acid. Additionally, as the chain length of the silane coupling agent increases, the coated mass on the particles increases, the the density and the saturation magnetization of particles decreased, and the coated particles with different shell thicknesses were obtained; without a magnetic field, the viscosity of MRF prepared by coated particles increase slightly, due to the enhancement of special three-dimensional network structure; under a magnetic field, the viscosity of the MRF decreased distinctly; the sedimentation rate of MRF decreased from 58 to 3.5% after 100 days of sedimentation, and the migration distances of the MRFs were 22.4, 3.7, 2.4, and 0 mm, with particle sedimentation rates of 0.149, 0.019, 0.017, and 0 mm/h, respectively. The MRF with high dispersion stability was obtained, and the etching of CIP by HCl and the proper chain length of the coating of silane coupling agent were proved effective manners to improve the dispersion stability of MRF.

Integrating single cell expression quantitative trait loci summary statistics to understand complex trait risk genes.

Transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) is a popular approach to dissect the functional consequence of disease associated non-coding variants. Most existing TWAS use bulk tissues and may not have the resolution to reveal cell-type specific target genes. Single-cell expression quantitative trait loci (sc-eQTL) datasets are emerging. The largest bulk- and sc-eQTL datasets are most conveniently available as summary statistics, but have not been broadly utilized in TWAS. Here, we present a new method EXPRESSO (EXpression PREdiction with Summary Statistics Only), to analyze sc-eQTL summary statistics, which also integrates 3D genomic data and epigenomic annotation to prioritize causal variants. EXPRESSO substantially improves existing methods. We apply EXPRESSO to analyze multi-ancestry GWAS datasets for 14 autoimmune diseases. EXPRESSO uniquely identifies 958 novel gene x trait associations, which is 26% more than the second-best method. Among them, 492 are unique to cell type level analysis and missed by TWAS using whole blood. We also develop a cell type aware drug repurposing pipeline, which leverages EXPRESSO results to identify drug compounds that can reverse disease gene expressions in relevant cell types. Our results point to multiple drugs with therapeutic potentials, including metformin for type 1 diabetes, and vitamin K for ulcerative colitis.

Dietary honokiol supplementation improves antioxidant capacity, enhances intestinal health, and modulates cecal microbial composition and function of broiler chickens.

Honokiol is a multifunctional polyphenol present in Magnolia officinalis. The effects of honokiol as a supplement in broiler chicken diets, and the underlying mechanisms, remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of honokiol on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal histomorphology of broiler chickens and to explore the underlying mechanisms. In total, 240 one-day-old broilers were randomly allocated to 5 dietary treatments, with 6 replicate pens and 8 birds per pen. Birds were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (blank control, BC), 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg honokiol (H100, H200, and H400), or 200 mg/kg bacitracin zinc (PC) for 42 d. The results showed that H200 and H400 increased body weight gain (BWG) and decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the starter period (P < 0.05). H100 and H200 increased total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in the serum and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) amount in the jejunum on d 42 (P < 0.05). Moreover, H100 increased villus height-to-crypt depth ratio in both the jejunum and ileum on d 21 (P < 0.05). PCR analysis showed that honokiol upregulated intestinal expression of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and downregulated intestinal expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) on d 42 (P < 0.05). The Shannon index, which represents the microbial alpha diversity, was reduced for the PC, H200, and H400 groups. Notably, honokiol treatment altered the cecal microbial community structure and promoted the enrichment of several bacteria, including Firmicutes and Lactobacillus. Higher production of short-chain fatty acids was observed in the cecal digesta of H100 birds, accompanied by an enriched glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway, according to the functional prediction of the cecal microbiota. This study provides evidence that honokiol improves growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health of broiler chickens, possibly by manipulating the composition and function of the microbial community.

Relationship Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Bone Mineral Density, Fracture Risk, and Bone Metabolism in Adults With Osteoporosis/Fractures.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) levels with bone mineral density (BMD), fracture risk, and bone metabolism. METHODS: This multicenter cross-sectional study recruited menopausal females and males greater than or equal to 50 year old with osteoporosis/fractures between September 2016 and September 2021. Assessment included clinical data, 25(OH)D, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP), carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks (CTX), lateral thoracolumbar spine x-rays, and BMD. RESULTS: A total of 3003 individuals were stratified by 25(OH) D levels: 720 individuals (24%) <20 ng/mL, 1338 individuals (44.5%) 20 to 29 ng/mL, and 945 individuals (31.5%) ≥30 ng/mL. In unadjusted and multivariable models, BMD T-score, except spine, was significantly and positively associated with 25(OH)D levels. 25(OH) D levels were inversely associated with Fracture Risk Assessment Tool scores. Patients with 25(OH)D <20 ng/mL had significantly higher iPTH and bone turnover markers (P1NP and CTX) than patients with 25(OH)D â‰§20 ng/mL in all models. When analyzing bone-related markers and BMD, total hip and femoral neck BMD T-scores were positively correlated with 25(OH)D concentrations and BMI but negatively correlated with iPTH, P1NP, CTX, and age. In multivariate models with all bone-related markers, only 25(OH)D levels were significantly associated with total hip and femoral neck BMD. CONCLUSION: Vitamin D deficiency is significantly associated with decreased total hip and femoral neck BMD and increased fracture risk as assessed by Fracture Risk Assessment Tool. In those with osteoporosis/fractures, vitamin D is implicated in the causal relationship between bone remodeling and BMD. Assessing vitamin D status is imperative for those at risk for osteoporosis/fractures.

Machine learning models for prediction of postoperative venous thromboembolism in gynecological malignant tumor patients.

AIM: To identify risk factors that associated with the occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) within 30 days after hysterectomy among gynecological malignant tumor patients, and to explore the value of machine learning (ML) models in VTE occurrence prediction. METHODS: A total of 1087 patients between January 2019 and January 2022 with gynecological malignant tumors were included in this single-center retrospective study and were randomly divided into the training dataset (n = 870) and the test dataset (n = 217). Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors that associated with the occurrence of postoperative VTE in the training dataset. Machine learning models (including decision tree (DT) model and logistic regression (LR) model) to predict the occurrence of postoperative VTE were constructed and internally validated. RESULTS: The incidence of developing 30-day postoperative VTE was 6.0% (65/1087). Age, previous VTE, length of stay (LOS), tumor stage, operative time, surgical approach, lymphadenectomy (LND), intraoperative blood transfusion and gynecologic Caprini (G-Caprini) score were identified as risk factors for developing postoperative VTE in gynecological malignant tumor patients (p < 0.05). The AUCs of LR model and DT model for predicting VTE were 0.722 and 0.950, respectively. CONCLUSION: The ML models, especially the DT model, constructed in our study had excellent prediction value and shed light upon its further application in clinic practice.

Toxicity effects and mechanism of micro/nanoplastics and loaded conventional pollutants on zooplankton: An overview.

Micro/nanoplastics in aquatic environments is a noteworthy environmental problem. Zooplankton, an important biological group in aquatic ecosystems, readily absorb micro/nanoplastics and produce a range of toxic endpoints due to their small size. This review summarises relevant studies on the effects of micro/nanoplastics on zooplankton, including combined effects with conventional pollutants. Frequently reported adverse effects include acute/chronic lethal effects, oxidative stress, gene expression, energetic homeostasis, and growth and reproduction. Obstruction by plastic entanglement and blockage is the physical mechanism. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity are molecular mechanisms. Properties of micro/nanoplastics, octanol/water partition coefficients of conventional pollutants, species and intestinal environments are important factors influencing single and combined toxicity. Selecting a wider range of micro/nanoplastics, focusing on the aging process and conducting field studies, adopting diversified zooplankton models, and further advancing the study of mechanisms are the outstanding prospects for deeper understanding of impacts of micro/nanoplastics on aquatic ecosystem.

Effects of Chlorogenic Acid on Lowering IgE-Binding Capacity of Soybean 7S: Comparison between Covalent and Noncovalent Interaction.

Allergenicity of soybean 7S protein (7S) troubles many people around the world. However, many processing methods for lowering allergenicity is invalid. Interaction of 7S with phenolic acids, such as chlorogenic acid (CHA), to structurally modify 7S may lower the allergenicity. Hence, the effects of covalent (C-I, periodate oxidation method) and noncovalent interactions (NC-I) of 7S with CHA in different concentrations (0.3, 0.5, and 1.0 mM) on lowering 7S allergenicity were investigated in this study. The results demonstrated that C-I led to higher binding efficiency (C-0.3:28.51 ± 2.13%) than NC-I (N-0.3:22.66 ± 1.75%). The C-I decreased the α-helix content (C-1:21.06%), while the NC-I increased the random coil content (N-1:24.39%). The covalent 7S-CHA complexes of different concentrations had lower IgE binding capacity (C-0.3:37.38 ± 0.61; C-0.5:34.89 ± 0.80; C-1:35.69 ± 0.61%) compared with that of natural 7S (100%), while the noncovalent 7S-CHA complexes showed concentration-dependent inhibition of IgE binding capacity (N-0.3:57.89 ± 1.23; N-0.5:46.91 ± 1.57; N-1:40.79 ± 0.22%). Both interactions produced binding to known linear epitopes. This study provides the theoretical basis for the CHA application in soybean products to lower soybean allergenicity.

Inhibitory Effect and Mechanism upon Glucose-Insulin-Potassium Administration on Postpartum Mice with Uterine Cramping Pain.

This study aimed to explore the effect of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) on postpartum uterine cramping pain(UCP) in mice and the possible underlying mechanisms. Thirty full-term pregnancy C57BL/6 mice, within 6 h after spontaneous labor, the mice were randomly assigned into the following three groups: the control group (group C), the oxytocin group (group O), and the GIK plus oxytocin group (group G). Group G and group O were administered GIK and normal saline, respectively, and 10 min later, oxytocin was injected intraperitoneally; group C received normal saline twice. The pain scores of the mice were assessed after establishment of the postpartum UCP model. The differential expressions of energy metabolism and oxidized lipid metabolites in the uterus were analyzed. The behavioral scores in group G were significantly lower than those in group O (P < 0.05).When compared to group O, group G showed a significant increase in ATP levels (P = 0.046), and group G exhibited elevated levels of amino acids, including L-glutamine, L-aspartic acid, and ornithine. Additionally, phosphate compounds (2-phosphoglyceric acid and 3-phosphoglyceric acid) showed elevated levels. When compared to group O, group G exhibited a decrease in 19R-hydroxy PGF2α, an increase in 9,10-EpOME and 12,13-EpOME, and a decrease in trans-EKODE-E-Ib. Additionally, group G showed an elevation in 16,17-EpDPE and 8-HDoHE. This study confirms the analgesic effect of GIK during postpartum oxytocin infusion. Metabolomics and glycolysis product analysis suggest that GIK's alleviation of UCP is associated with its enhancement of glycolysis and the influence of phenylalanine synthesis, aspartate metabolism, and arginine synthesis pathways. Additionally, the effects of GIK appears to be linked to its influence on the linoleic acid metabolic pathway.