The exploration of perioperative hypotension subtypes: a prospective, single cohort, observational pilot study.

Background: Hypotension is a risk factor for postoperative complications, but evidence from randomized trials does not support that a higher blood pressure target always leads to optimized outcomes. The heterogeneity of underlying hemodynamics during hypotension may contribute to these contradictory results. Exploring the subtypes of hypotension can enable optimal management of intraoperative hypotension. Methods: This is a prospective, observational pilot study. Patients who were ≥ 45 years old and scheduled to undergo moderate-to-high-risk noncardiac surgery were enrolled in this study. The primary objective of this pilot study was to investigate the frequency and distribution of perioperative hypotension and its subtypes (hypotension with or without cardiac output reduction). The exposure of hypotension and its subtypes in patients with and without myocardial or acute kidney injury were also explored. Results: Sixty patients were included in the analysis. 83% (50/60) of the patients experienced perioperative hypotension. The median duration of hypotension for each patient was 8.0 [interquartile range, 3.1-23.3] minutes. Reduced cardiac output was present during 77% of the hypotension duration. Patients suffering from postoperative myocardial or acute kidney injury displayed longer duration and more extensive exposure in all hypotension subtypes. However, the percentage of different hypotension subtypes did not differ in patients with or without postoperative myocardial or acute kidney injury. Conclusion: Perioperative hypotension was frequently accompanied by cardiac output reduction in moderate-to-high-risk noncardiac surgical patients. However, due to the pilot nature of this study, the relationship between hypotension subtypes and postoperative myocardial or acute kidney injury still needs further exploration. Clinical trial registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojEN.html?proj=134260, CTR2200055929.

[Effects of cochlear implantation on tinnitus in patients with single-sided deafness and asymmetrical hearing loss].

Objective:To evaluate the effects of cochlear implantation in patients with single-sided deafness（SSD） and asymmetrical hearing loss（AHL）. Methods:Seventeen Mandarin-speaking CI patients diagnosed as SSD/AHL were recruited in our study. The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory（THI） and the Visual Analogue Scale（VAS） were used to assess changes in tinnitus distress and tinnitus loudness in SSD patients at each time point（pre-operation and post-operation）. Results:The THI score and all 3 dimensions were significant decreased with CI-on than pre-operation（P<0.05）. Tinnitus VAS scores were also decreased, and VAS scores were lower with CI-on than with CI-off, and were both significantly different at each time point after CI switch-on（P<0.05）. Conclusion:CI could help SSD/AHL patients to suppress tinnitus and reduce the loudness of tinnitus. However, CI should not be a treatment of tinnitus.

Acute Effects of Hallucinogens on Functional Connectivity: Psilocybin and Salvinorin-A.

The extent of changes in functional connectivity (FC) within functional networks as a common feature across hallucinogenic drug classes is under-explored. This work utilized fMRI to assess the dissociative hallucinogens Psilocybin, a classical serotonergic psychedelic, and Salvinorin-A, a kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) agonist, on resting-state FC in nonhuman primates. We highlight overlapping and differing influence of these substances on FC relative to the thalamus, claustrum, prefrontal cortex (PFC), default mode network (DMN), and DMN subcomponents. Analysis was conducted on a within-subject basis. Findings support the cortico-claustro-cortical network model for probing functional effects of hallucinogens regardless of serotonergic potential, with a potential key paradigm centered around the claustrum, PFC, anterior cingulate cortices (ACC), and angular gyrus relationship. Thalamo-cortical networks are implicated but appear dependent on 5-HT2AR activation. Acute desynchronization relative to the DMN for both drugs was also shown. Our findings provide a framework to understand broader mechanisms at which hallucinogens in differing classes may impact subjects regardless of the target receptor.

Bipolar Photoelectrochemistry for Phase-Modulated Optoelectronic Hybrid Nanomotor.

Complex micro/nanorobots may be constructed by integrating several independent, controlled nanomotors for high degrees of freedom of maneuvering and manipulation. However, designing nanomotors with distinctive responses to the same global stimuli is challenging due to the nanomotors' simple structure and limited material composition. In this work, we demonstrate that a nanomotor can be designed with the same principles of electronic circuits, where the motion of semiconductor particles can be controlled with synchronized electric and optical signals. This technique relies on transient bipolar photoelectrochemistry in semiconductor microparticles, where the reaction site selectivity is realized by modulating the light pulse in the time domain. Due to the microparticles' intrinsic resistance and surface capacitance, the nanomotors can be designed as an electronic circuit, enabling distinctive responses to the global electric/optical field and achieving the desired movement or deflection/rotation. This work gives new insight into the manipulation technique for independent and untethered nanomotor control. Ultimately, it exploits the potential for particle sorting based on geometry in time and frequency domain modulation.

PET-MRI Applications and Future Prospects in Psychiatry.

This article reviews the synergistic application of positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging (PET-MRI) in neuroscience with relevance for psychiatry, particularly examining neurotransmission, epigenetics, and dynamic imaging methodologies. We begin by discussing the complementary insights that PET and MRI modalities provide into neuroreceptor systems, with a focus on dopamine, opioids, and serotonin receptors, and their implications for understanding and treating psychiatric disorders. We further highlight recent PET-MRI studies using a radioligand that enables the quantification of epigenetic enzymes, specifically histone deacetylases, in the brain in vivo. Imaging epigenetics is used to exemplify the impact the quantification of novel molecular targets may have, including new treatment approaches for psychiatric disorders. Finally, we discuss innovative designs involving functional PET using [18F]FDG (fPET-FDG), which provides detailed information regarding dynamic changes in glucose metabolism. Concurrent acquisitions of fPET-FDG and functional MRI provide a time-resolved approach to studying brain function, yielding simultaneous metabolic and hemodynamic information and thereby opening new avenues for psychiatric research. Collectively, the review underscores the potential of a multimodal PET-MRI approach to advance our understanding of brain structure and function in health and disease, which could improve clinical care based on objective neurobiological features and treatment response monitoring. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.

[Coblation-assisted endoscopic excision of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma and outcomes].

Objective:To summarize the procedures and efficacy of surgical treatment for Andrew stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma（JNA）. Methods:A total of 12 patients with JNA who underwent surgery from 2016 to 2021 were enrolled, including 1 case in stage Ⅰ, 3 cases in stage Ⅱ, and 8 cases in stage Ⅲ. JNA was resected by transnasal endoscopic approach alone, or combined with transoral approach or Caldwell-Luc approach was performed. Results:Eleven cases underwent complete resection without recurrence and 1 case had residual tumor. There were no serious complications. The median intraoperative blood loss was 200 mL, and 1 patient received blood transfusion. The median operative time was 110 minutes. Conclusion:JNA in Andrew stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ can be quickly and completely resected by standardized surgical procedures using endoscopy and coblation technology.

Multiomics analysis of the effects of manure-borne doxycycline combined with oversized fiber microplastics on pak choi growth and the risk of antibiotic resistance gene transmission.

In this study, oversized microplastics (OMPs) were intentionally introduced into soil containing manure-borne doxycycline (DOX). This strategic approach was used to systematically examine the effects of combined OMP and DOX pollution on the growth of pak choi, analyze alterations in soil environmental metabolites, and explore the potential migration of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The results revealed a more pronounced impact of DOX than of OMPs. Slender-fiber OMPs (SF OMPs) had a more substantial influence on the growth of pak choi than did coarse-fiber OMPs (CF OMPs). Conversely, CF OMPs had a more significant effect on the migration of ARGs within the system. When DOX was combined with OMPs, the negative effects of DOX on pak choi growth were mitigated through the synthesis of indole through the adjustment of carbon metabolism and amino acid metabolism in pak choi roots. In this process, Pseudohongiellaceae and Xanthomonadaceae were key bacteria. During the migration of ARGs, the potential host bacterium Limnobacter should be considered. Additionally, the majority of potential host bacteria in the pak choi endophytic environment were associated with tetG. This study provides insights into the intricate interplay among DOX, OMPs, ARGs, plant growth, soil metabolism, and the microbiome.

Biosafety assessment of laying hens fed different treatments of black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens) under doxycycline stress.

The black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) is a resource insect that can utilize livestock and poultry feces. However, BSFs may also increase the risk of transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (AGRs) that are widespread in livestock and poultry farm environments. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the biosecurity risks of different BSF treatments in the laying chicken food chain using the "chicken manure-BSF-laying hens" model. Our results indicated that different BSF treatments significantly affected antibiotic residue, ARGs, MGEs, bacterial antibiotic resistance, and bacterial microbial community composition in the food chain of laying hens fed BSFs. These risks can be effectively reduced through starvation treatment and high-temperature grinding treatment. Comprehensive risk assessment analysis revealed that starvation combined with high-temperature milling (Group H) had the greatest effect.

Research on the mechanism of academic stress on occupational burnout in Chinese universities.

In recent years, with the unremitting advancement of higher education reform, academics have been experiencing stress associated with conducting scientific research. In this study focusing on university teachers in China, we adopted a stepwise regression method and reviewed related literature to construct a mechanism of academic stress and occupational burnout. Specifically, we tested job satisfaction and relative deprivation as mediating and moderating variables and conducted empirical research on 1239 teachers from 15 universities in eastern, central, and western China. Our findings show that: (1) academic stress has a significant positive effect on occupational burnout; (2) job satisfaction has a partial role as the intermediary agent between academic stress and occupational burnout; and (3) relative deprivation positively moderates the relationship between academic stress and job satisfaction, indicating that teachers in universities and colleges are also affected by relative deprivation and the perception of inequity. These findings have significant value in the management of higher education and academic research.

Enhanced Magnetoimpedance Effect in Co-Based Micron Composite CoFeNiSiB Ribbon Strips Coated by Carbon and FeCoGa Nanofilms for Sensing Applications.

Quenched Co-based ribbon strips are widely used in the fields of magnetic amplifier, magnetic head material, magnetic shield, electric reactor, inductance core, sensor core, anti-theft system label, and so on. In this study, Co-based composite CoFeNiSiB ribbon strips with a micron width were fabricated by micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology. The carbon and FeCoGa nanofilms were deposited for surface modification. The effect of carbon and FeCoGa nanofilm coatings on the crystal structure, surface morphology, magnetic properties, and magnetoimpedance (MI) effect of composite ribbon strips were systematically investigated. The results show that the surface roughness and coercivity of the composite ribbon strips are minimum at a thickness of the carbon coating of 60 nm. The maximum value of MI effect is 41% at 2 MHz, which is approximately 2.4 times greater than plain ribbon and 1.6 times greater than FeCoGa-coated composite ribbon strip. The addition of a carbon layer provides a conductive path for high frequency currents, which effectively reduces the characteristic frequency of the composite ribbon strip. The FeCoGa coating is able to close the flux path and reduce the coercivity, which, in turn, increases the transverse permeability and improves the MI effect. The findings indicate that a successful combination of carbon layer and magnetostrictive FeCoGa nanofilm layer can improve the MI effect and magnetic field sensitivity of the ribbon strips, demonstrating the potential of the composite strips for local and micro area field sensing applications.

Tonal language experience facilitates the use of spatial cues for segregating competing speech in bimodal cochlear implant listeners.

English-speaking bimodal and bilateral cochlear implant (CI) users can segregate competing speech using talker sex cues but not spatial cues. While tonal language experience allows for greater utilization of talker sex cues for listeners with normal hearing, tonal language benefits remain unclear for CI users. The present study assessed the ability of Mandarin-speaking bilateral and bimodal CI users to recognize target sentences amidst speech maskers that varied in terms of spatial cues and/or talker sex cues, relative to the target. Different from English-speaking CI users, Mandarin-speaking CI users exhibited greater utilization of spatial cues, particularly in bimodal listening.

Discovery of anticancer function of Febrifugine: Inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis and suppression steroid synthesis in bladder cancer cells.

Bladder cancer is a prevalent malignancy affecting the urinary system, which presents a significant global health concern. Although there are many treatments for bladder cancer, identifying more effective drugs and methods remains an urgent problem. As a pivotal component of contemporary medical practice, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) assumes a crucial role in the realm of anti-tumor therapy, especially with the identification of active ingredients and successful exploration of pharmacological effects. Febrifugine, identified as a quinazoline-type alkaloid compound extracted from the Cytidiaceae family plant Huangchangshan, exhibits heightened sensitivity to bladder cancer cells in comparison to control cells (non-cancer cells) group. The proliferation growth of bladder cancer cells T24 and SW780 was effectively inhibited by Febrifugine, and the IC50 was 0.02 and 0.018 µM respectively. Febrifugine inhibits cell proliferation by suppressing DNA synthesis and induces cell death by reducing steroidogenesis and promoting apoptosis. Combined with transcriptome analysis, Febrifugine was found to downregulate low density lipoprotein receptor-associated protein, lanosterol synthase, cholesterol biosynthesis second rate-limiting enzyme, 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase, flavin adenine dinucleotide dependent oxidoreductase and other factors to inhibit the production of intracellular steroids in bladder cancer T24 cells. The results of animal experiments showed that Febrifugine could inhibit tumor growth. In summary, the effect of Febrifugine on bladder cancer is mainly through reducing steroid production and apoptosis. Therefore, this study contributes to the elucidation of Febrifugine's potential as an inhibitor of bladder cancer and establishes a solid foundation for the future development of novel therapeutic agents targeting bladder cancer.

Machine learning-based prediction of the outcomes of cochlear implantation in patients with inner ear malformation.

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study are twofold: first, to visualize the structure of malformed cochleae through image reconstruction; and second, to develop a predictive model for postoperative outcomes of cochlear implantation (CI) in patients diagnosed with cochlear hypoplasia (CH) and incomplete partition (IP) malformation. METHODS: The clinical data from patients diagnosed with cochlear hypoplasia (CH) and incomplete partition (IP) malformation who underwent cochlear implantation (CI) at Beijing Tongren Hospital between January 2016 and August 2020 were collected. Radiological features were analyzed through 3D segmentation of the cochlea. Postoperative auditory speech rehabilitation outcomes were evaluated using the Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) and the Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cochlear parameters and postoperative outcomes. Additionally, a predictive model for postoperative outcomes was developed using the K-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm. RESULTS: In our study, we conducted feature selection by using patients' imaging and audiological attributes. This process involved methods such as the removal of missing values, correlation analysis, and chi-square tests. The findings indicated that two specific features, cochlear volume (V) and cochlear canal length (CDL), significantly contributed to predicting the outcomes of hearing and speech rehabilitation for patients with inner ear malformations. In terms of hearing rehabilitation, the KNN classification achieved an accuracy of 93.3%. Likewise, for speech rehabilitation, the KNN classification demonstrated an accuracy of 86.7%. CONCLUSION: The measurements obtained from the 3D reconstruction model hold significant clinical relevance. Despite the considerable variability in cochlear morphology across individuals, radiological features remain effective in predicting cochlear implantation (CI) prognosis for patients with inner ear malformations. The utilization of 3D segmentation techniques and the developed predictive model can assist surgeons in conducting preoperative cochlear structural measurements for patients with inner ear malformations. This, in turn, can offer a more informed perspective on the anticipated outcomes of cochlear implantation.

Cold-inducible RNA binding protein alleviates iron overload-induced neural ferroptosis under perinatal hypoxia insult.

Cold-inducible RNA binding protein (CIRBP), a stress response protein, protects cells from mild hypothermia or hypoxia by stabilizing specific mRNAs and promoting their translation. Neurons subjected to hypobaric hypoxia insult trigger various cell death programs. One of these is ferroptosis, a novel non-apoptotic form of programmed cell death, which is characterized by excessive iron ion accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Here, we establish that CIRBP can regulate neuronal ferroptosis both in vivo and in vitro. We observe that hypoxia leads to neuronal death via intracellular ferrous iron overload and impaired antioxidant systems, accompanied by suppressed CIRBP expression. Genetic enrichment of CIRBP in hippocampal neurons CIRBPTg mice bred with Emx1-Cre mice attenuates hypoxia-induced cognitive deficits and neuronal degeneration. Mechanistically, CIRBP alleviates neuronal ferroptosis and intracellular ferrous ion accumulation by binding to the mitochondrial ferritin (FTMT) 3'UTR to stabilize mRNA and promote its translation. Our novel study shows the critical role of CIRBP in the progression of ferroptosis, and provides promising therapeutic target for hypoxia-induced neurological diseases.

SCD1 sustains brown fat sympathetic innervation and thermogenesis during the long-term cold exposure.

Brown fat adipose tissue (BAT) is a therapeutic potential target to improve obesity, diabetes and cold acclimation in mammals. During the long-term cold exposure, the hyperplastic sympathetic network is crucial for BAT the maintain the highly thermogenic status. It has been proved that the sympathetic nervous drives the thermogenic activity of BAT via the release of norepinephrine. However, it is still unclear that how the thermogenic BAT affects the remodeling of the hyperplastic sympathetic network, especially during the long-term cold exposure. Here, we showed that following long-term cold exposure, SCD1-mediated monounsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathway was enriched, and the ratios of monounsaturated/saturated fatty acids were significantly up-regulated in BAT. And SCD1-deficiency in BAT decreased the capacity of cold acclimation, and suppressed long-term cold mediated BAT thermogenic activation. Furthermore, by using thermoneutral exposure and sympathetic nerve excision models, we disclosed that SCD1-deficiency in BAT affected the thermogenic activity, depended on sympathetic nerve. In mechanism, SCD1-deficiency resulted in the unbalanced ratio of palmitic acid (PA)/palmitoleic acid (PO), with obviously higher level of PA and lower level of PO. And PO supplement efficiently reversed the inhibitory role of SCD1-deficiency on BAT thermogenesis and the hyperplastic sympathetic network. Thus, our data provided insight into the role of SCD1-mediated monounsaturated fatty acids metabolism to the interaction between thermogenic activity BAT and hyperplastic sympathetic networks, and illustrated the critical role of monounsaturated fatty acids biosynthetic pathway in cold acclimation during the long-term cold exposure.

Increasing evolution, prevalence, and outbreaks for rift valley fever virus in the process of breaking geographical barriers.

BACKGROUND: Rift valley fever (RVF) is listed as one of prioritized diseases by WHO. This study aims to describe RVF virus' landscape distribution globally, and to insight dynamics change of its evolution, prevalence, and outbreaks in the process of breaking geographical barriers. METHODS: A systematic literature review and meta-analyses was conducted to estimate RVF prevalence by hosts using a random-effect model. Molecular clock-based phylogenetic analyses were performed to estimate RVF virus nucleotide substitution rates using nucleotide sequences in NCBI database. RVF virus prevalence, nucleotide substitution rates, and outbreaks were compared before and after breaking geographical barriers twice, respectively. RESULTS: RVF virus was reported from 26 kinds of hosts covering 48 countries from 1930 to 2022. Since RVF broke geographical barriers, (1) nucleotide substitution rates significantly increased after firstly spreading out of Africa in 2000, (2) prevalence in humans significantly increased from 1.92 % (95 % CI: 0.86-3.25 %) to 3.03 % (95 % CI: 2.09-4.12 %) after it broke Sahara Desert geographical barriers in 1977, and to 5.24 % (95 % CI: 3.81-6.82 %) after 2000, (3) RVF outbreaks in humans and the number of wildlife hosts presented increasing trends. RVF virus spillover may exist between bats and humans, and accelerate viral substitution rates in humans. During outbreaks, the RVF virus substitution rates accelerated in humans. 60.00 % RVF outbreaks occurred 0-2 months after floods and (or) heavy rainfall. CONCLUSION: RVF has the increasing risk to cause pandemics, and global collaboration on "One Health" is needed to prevent potential pandemics.

Colloidal Self-Assembly: From Passive to Active Systems.

Self-assembly fundamentally implies the organization of small sub-units into large structures or patterns without the intervention of specific local interactions. This process is commonly observed in nature, occurring at various scales ranging from atomic/molecular assembly to the formation of complex biological structures. Colloidal particles may serve as micrometer-scale surrogates for studying assembly, particularly for the poorly understood kinetic and dynamic processes at the atomic scale. Recent advances in colloidal self-assembly have enabled the programmable creation of novel materials with tailored properties. We here provide an overview and comparison of both passive and active colloidal self-assembly, with a discussion on the energy landscape and interactions governing both types. In the realm of passive colloidal assembly, many impressive and important structures have been realized, including colloidal molecules, one-dimensional chains, two-dimensional lattices, and three-dimensional crystals. In contrast, active colloidal self-assembly, driven by optical, electric, chemical, or other fields, involves more intricate dynamic processes, offering more flexibility and potential new applications. A comparative analysis underscores the critical distinctions between passive and active colloidal assemblies, highlighting the unique collective behaviors emerging in active systems. These behaviors encompass collective motion, motility-induced phase segregation, and exotic properties arising from out-of-equilibrium thermodynamics. Through this comparison, we aim to identify the future opportunities in active assembly research, which may suggest new application domains.

Impact of Epicardial Adipose Tissue on Right Cardiac Function and Prognosis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Although epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is linked to effects on survival in left-sided heart failure, the association between EAT and right-sided heart failure caused by pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains unknown. RESEARCH QUESTION: What are the potential impacts of EAT volume (EATV) on right ventricular function, biomarkers of myocardial injury, and long-term prognosis in patients with PAH?. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 135 age- and BMI-matched patients with PAH and 49 control subjects were included in this study. EATV was quantified by using cardiac magnetic resonance and was related to clinical correlates, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and cardiac function. Levels of EATV associated with the risk of clinical worsening were evaluated on a continuous scale (restricted cubic splines) and by previously defined centile categories with Cox proportional hazards regression models and Kaplan-Meier survival estimates. RESULTS: Compared with the control subjects, patients with PAH had a lower EATV (ln [EATV], 3.2 ± 0.8 mL vs 3.5 ± 0.7 mL; P = .034). The association of EATV with right ventricular end-diastolic volume (Pnonlinear = .001), right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (P < .001), right ventricular cardiac output (P = .003), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (P = .030), and the risk of clinical worsening (P = .014) was U shaped. Compared with individuals with middle-level EATV, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for clinical worsening was 6.0 (95% CI, 1.3-27.8) for the individuals with low-level EATV and 6.8 (95% CI, 1.5-30.2) for high-level EATV in patients with PAH. INTERPRETATION: Patients with PAH had a decreased EATV compared with control subjects. EATV exhibited a U-shaped association with right ventricular function and biomarkers of myocardial injury in patients with PAH. Low and high levels of EATV might reduce long-term event-free survival in patients with PAH. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry; No. ChiCTR2100049804; www.chictr.org.cn.

[Artificial intelligence-assisted prediction of olfactory disorders in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis].

Objective:To analyze the influencing factors and perform the prediction of olfactory disorders in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis（CRS） based on artificial intelligence. Methods:The data of 75 patients with CRS who underwent nasal endoscopic surgery from October 2021 to February 2023 in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were analyzed retrospectively. There were 53 males and 22 females enrolled in the study, with a median age of 42.0 years old. The CRS intelligent microscope interpretation system was used to calculate the proportion of area glands and blood vessels occupy in the pathological sections of each patient, and the absolute value and proportion of eosinophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells and neutrophils. The patients were grouped according to the results of the Sniffin' Sticks smell test, and the clinical baseline data, differences in nasal mucosal histopathological characteristics, laboratory test indicators and sinus CT were compared between the groups. Determine the independent influencing factors of olfactory disorders and receiver operating characteristic curves（ROC） were used to evaluate the performance of the prediction model. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 software. Results:Among the 75 CRS patients, 25 cases（33.3%） had normal olfaction and 50 cases（66.7%） had olfactory disorders. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that tissue eosinophils percentage（OR=1.032, 95%CI 1.002-1.064, P=0.036）, Questionnaire of olfactory disorders-Negative statement（QOD-NS）（OR=1.079, 95%CI 1.004-1.160, P=0.040） and Anterior olfactory cleft score（AOCS）（OR=2.672, 95%CI 1.480-4.827, P=0.001） were independent risk factors for olfactory disorders in CRS patients. Further research found that the area under the ROC curve（AUC） of the combined prediction model established by the tissue eosinophil percentage, QOD-NS and AOCS was 0.836（95%CI 0.748-0.924, P<0.001）, which is better than the above single factor prediction model in predicting olfactory disorders in CRS. Conclusion:Based on pathological artificial intelligence, tissue eosinophil percentage, QOD-NS and AOCS are independent risk factors for olfactory disorders in CRS patients, and the combination of the three factors has a good predictive effect on CRS olfactory disorders.

Characterizing systemic physiological effects on the blood oxygen level dependent signal of resting-state fMRI in time-frequency space using wavelets.

Systemic physiological dynamics, such as heart rate variability (HRV) and respiration volume per time (RVT), are known to account for significant variance in the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI). However, synchrony between these cardiorespiratory changes and the BOLD signal could be due to neuronal (i.e., autonomic activity inducing changes in heart rate and respiration) or vascular (i.e., cardiorespiratory activity facilitating hemodynamic changes and thus the BOLD signal) effects and the contributions of these effects may differ spatially, temporally, and spectrally. In this study, we characterize these brain-body dynamics using a wavelet analysis in rapidly sampled rsfMRI data with simultaneous pulse oximetry and respiratory monitoring of the Human Connectome Project. Our time-frequency analysis across resting-state networks (RSNs) revealed differences in the coherence of the BOLD signal and heartbeat interval (HBI)/RVT dynamics across frequencies, with unique profiles per network. Somatomotor (SMN), visual (VN), and salience (VAN) networks demonstrated the greatest synchrony with both systemic physiological signals when compared to other networks; however, significant coherence was observed in all RSNs regardless of direct autonomic involvement. Our phase analysis revealed distinct frequency profiles of percentage of time with significant coherence between BOLD and systemic physiological signals for different phase offsets across RSNs, suggesting that the phase offset and temporal order of signals varies by frequency. Lastly, our analysis of temporal variability of coherence provides insight on potential influence of autonomic state on brain-body communication. Overall, the novel wavelet analysis enables an efficient characterization of the dynamic relationship between cardiorespiratory activity and the BOLD signal in spatial, temporal, and spectral dimensions to inform our understanding of autonomic states and improve our interpretation of the BOLD signal.