[Construction of the student-centered classroom teaching practice of Acupuncture Moxibustion Teaching Practice at the background of "Internet Plus"].

Acupuncture Moxibustion Teaching Practice is the course of strong operation skills in science of acupuncture and moxibustion. In classroom teaching, on the basis of "Internet Plus", a "student centered" teaching idea was constructed. The "Internet Plus" education information technology was used rationally, the self-learning ability and explorative learning were guided. In teaching, the "We Media" resource construction, learning assessment and achievement sharing were carried out to ensure the active participation of teachers in teaching reform, encourage students to learn initiatively and improve the teaching quality.

Dose Assessment of Cefquinome by Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling in Mouse Model of Staphylococcus aureus Mastitis.

This work aimed to characterize the mammary gland pharmacokinetics of cefquinome after an intramammary administration and integrate pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model. The pharmacokinetic profiles of cefquinome in gland tissue were measured using high performance liquid chromatograph. Therapeutic regimens covered various dosages ranging from 25 to 800 µg/gland and multiple dosing intervals of 8, 12, and 24 h. The in vivo bacterial killing activity elevated when dosage increased or when dosing intervals were shortened. The best antibacterial effect was demonstrated by a mean 1.5 log10CFU/gland visible count reduction. On the other hand, the results showed that the percentage of time duration of drug concentration exceeding the MIC during a dose interval (%T > MIC) was generally 100% because of the influence of drug distribution caused by the blood-milk barrier. Therefore, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameter of the ratio of area under the concentration-time curve over 24 h to the MIC (AUC0-24/MIC) was used to describe the efficacy of cefquinome instead of %T > MIC. When the magnitude of AUC0-24/MIC exceeding 16571.55 h⋅mL/g, considerable activity of about 1.5 log10CFU/g gland bacterial count reduction was observed in vivo. Based on the Monte Carlo simulation, the clinical recommended regimen of three infusions of 75 mg per quarter every 12 h can achieve a 76.67% cure rate in clinical treatment of bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection.

In Vivo Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics of Cefquinome in an Experimental Mouse Model of Staphylococcus Aureus Mastitis following Intramammary Infusion.

Staphylococcus aureus remains the major cause of morbidity of bovine mastitis worldwide leading to massive economic losses. Cefquinome is a fourth generation cephalosporin, which preserves susceptibility and antibacterial activity against S. aureus. This work aims to study the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) modeling following intramammary administration of cefquinome against S. aureus mastitis. The mouse model of S. aureus mastitis was developed for the PK/PD experiments. The plasma PK characteristics after intramammary injection of cefquinome at various single doses of 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 µg per gland (both fourth pairs of glands: L4 and R4) were calculated using one-compartment and first-order absorption model. PD study was investigated based on twenty-one intermittent dosing regimens, of which total daily dose ranged from 25 to 4800 µg per mouse and dosage intervals included 8, 12 or 24 h. The sigmoid Emax model of inhibitory effect was employed for PK/PD modeling. The results of PK/PD integration of cefquinome against S. aureus suggested that the percentage of duration that drug concentration exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentration (%T>MIC) and the ratio of area under time-concentration curve over MIC (AUC/MIC) are important indexes to evaluate the antibacterial activity. The PK/PD parameters of %T>MIC and AUC0-24/MIC were 35.98% and 137.43 h to obtain a 1.8 logCFU/gland reduction of bacterial colony counts in vivo, against S. aureus strains with cefquinome MIC of 0.5µg/ml.

[Study on the feasibility for judging the lifting-thrusting manipulation of acupuncture by using "quality control figure" measurement].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of judgment of the lifting-thrusting acupuncture manipulation by using "quality control figure" measurement, so as to provide a possible reference for demonstration in acupuncture teaching and scientific research. METHODS: A total of 13 high-professional title acupuncturists and teachers and 100 college students participated in the present study. The so-called "quality control figures" of lifting-thrusting acupuncture skill were established by collecting operation data from 13 acupuncturists and teachers with an "Acupuncture Manipulation Parameter Detector System". A total of 100 college students who have learnt acupuncture and massage learnings were asked to perform the same acupuncture manipulation after training, followed by giving a mark with conventional manipulation method and "quality control figure" method (scores), respectively. In addition, the correlation between these two scoring methods was analyzed. RESULTS: The average score of conventional scoring of lifting-thrusting manipulation was (81.03 +/- 18.40) points and that of "quality control figure" scoring was (80.60 +/- 7.48) points in those college students after training. No significant difference was found between these two scoring methods (P > 0.05). But a positive correlation was found between them (r = 0.6943, P < 0.01), suggesting a positive feasibility for judging the lifting-thrusting acupuncture manipulation with "quality control figure" measurement. CONCLUSION: A positive correlation exists between the conventional scoring and "quality control figure" scoring for lifting-thrusting acupuncture manipulation, suggesting a feasibility in judging this acupuncture manipulation with "quality control figure" measurement.

The warming acupuncture for treatment of sciatica in 30 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the relation between the pain threshold and the therapeutic effects of acupuncture for sciatica. METHODS: 90 sciatica patients were equally divided at random into the following 3 groups: a warming acupuncture group treated with the needles warmed by burning moxa, a western medicine group administered Nimesulide tablets and a point-injection group with Anisodamine injected. The pain threshold was tested before treatment and after the first, second and third treatment courses. RESULTS: The warming acupuncture therapy showed better therapeutic effects than the other two groups with significant differences in the change of pain threshold and the improvement of clinical symptoms and signs (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture can relieve the symptoms of sciatica with the increase of pain threshold.

[Effect of warming needle moxibustion on pain threshold in the patient of sciatica].

OBJECTIVE: To observe effect of warming needle moxibustion on pain threshold in the patient of sciatica. METHODS: Ninety cases were randomly divided into 3 groups, 30 cases in each group. The warming needle moxibustion group were treated with warming needle moxibustion at Shenshu (BL 23), Dachangshu (BL 25), Huantiao (GB 30), etc; the western medicine group with oral administration of Nimeisulide; and the acupoint-injection group with injection of 654-2 into the same acupoints as those in the warming needle moxibustion group. RESULTS: The cured rates were 56.67%, 26.67% and 20.00% in the 3 groups, and the total effective rate were 90.00%, 73.33% and 63.33%, respectively, the therapeutic effect of the warming needle moxibustion group being better than those of other two groups (both P < 0.01). The amplitude of pain threshold increase in the warming needle moxibustion group was higher than those of other two groups (both P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Warming needle moxibustion can increase pain threshold, improve symptoms and raise quality of life for the patient of sciatica.