Effects of viral infection and microbial diversity on patients with sepsis: A retrospective study based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing.

BACKGROUND: The study aims to investigate the performance of a metagenomic next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based diagnostic technique for the identification of potential bacterial and viral infections and effects of concomitant viral infection on the survival rate of intensive care unit (ICU) sepsis patients. METHODS: A total of 74 ICU patients with sepsis who were admitted to our institution from February 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019 were enrolled. Separate blood samples were collected from patients for blood cultures and metagenomic NGS when the patients' body temperature was higher than 38 °C. Patients' demographic data, including gender, age, ICU duration, ICU scores, and laboratory results, were recorded. The correlations between pathogen types and sepsis severity and survival rate were evaluated. RESULTS: NGS produced higher positive results (105 of 118; 88.98%) than blood cultures (18 of 118; 15.25%) over the whole study period. Concomitant viral infection correlated closely with sepsis severity and had the negative effect on the survival of patients with sepsis. However, correlation analysis indicated that the bacterial variety did not correlate with the severity of sepsis. CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent viral load correlates closely with the severity of sepsis and the survival rate of the ICU sepsis patients. This suggests that prophylactic administration of antiviral drugs combined with antibiotics may be beneficial to ICU sepsis patients.

Surgery of the Primary Tumor Offers Survival Benefits of Breast Cancer with Synchronous Ipsilateral Supraclavicular Lymph Node Metastasis.

BACKGROUND: Controversy exists around the locoregional management of the primary tumor for breast cancer associated with synchronous ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph node metastasis (sISLM) due to the rarity of the disease and limited available data. This study aimed to compare outcomes of patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database with sISLM who underwent surgical resection and radiation of the primary tumor with those who did not. METHODS: This population-based retrospective study included breast cancer patients with sISLM without distant metastases from 2004 to 2016 in the SEER database. In this study, patients had been stratified by operative management, and propensity score matching (PSM) had been successfully applied. RESULTS: A total of 1172 breast cancer patients with sISLM were included in the study: 863 (73.6%) of patients underwent the primary tumor resection, and 309 (26.4%) patients did not undergo surgery. The median survival time in the surgery group was longer compared to the nonsurgery group in the overall cohort and the PSM cohort. We concluded that the primary tumor resection was associated with improved survival. Subgroup analysis further demonstrated that local surgery was not inferior to radical surgery. CONCLUSION: For selected breast cancer patients with sISLM, surgery is a promising local intervention which may improve the survival.

Comparison of the Use of Vonoprazan and Proton Pump Inhibitors for the Treatment of Peptic Ulcers Resulting from Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND Currently, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the first-line treatment for ulcers resulting from endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Vonoprazan is a new oral potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy, safety, and tolerance of vonoprazan with PPIs in the treatment of peptic ulcers resulting from ESD. MATERIAL AND METHODS Published results of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing vonoprazan with PPIs in the treatment of ulcers resulting from ESD were identified up to March 2018. The main clinical endpoints evaluated were healing rate and adverse events. The meta-analysis included quality assessment of the studies, statistical analysis of endpoints, and sensitivity analysis using Revman version 5.3 meta-analysis software. RESULTS Systematic literature review identified seven published studies that included 548 patients. Five studies were published as full-text manuscripts, and two studies were published as abstracts. Meta-analysis of the vonoprazan treatment, compared with PPI treatment, for ESD showed that the pooled relative risk (RR) of healing rate was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.33-1.22) for the 4-week study group and 0.98 (95% CI, 0.84-1.15) for the 8-week study group. The RR for adverse events was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.31-1.38) (P>0.05). No statistical evidence of publication bias was found. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the systematic review and meta-analysis showed that the efficacy of vonoprazan was comparable with PPIs for the treatment of peptic ulcers following ESD. Further studies are required to support the safety and efficacy of vonoprazan compared with different types of PPIs.

Effect of daily average temperature on hand-foot-mouth disease incidence among children under 5 years old in Jingzhou / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To evaluate the effect of daily temperature on hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in children under 5 years old in Jingzhou city.@*Methods@#HFMD incidence data and meteorological data in Jingzhou city were obtained during 2010 and 2017. Distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was utilized to investigate the impact of daily temperature on HFMD incidence among children under 5 years old adjusting for potential confounders of other meteorological factors, secular trend, weekdays and holidays.@*Results@#A total of 47 525 cases were reported during 2010 to 2017, of which the ratio of male to female was 1.52. Children under 1 year old, 1-<3 years old, 3-5 years old accounted for 9.72%, 62.10%, and 28.18% of the total cases, respectively. Children cared at home and children care in kindergarten accounted for 73.29% and 26.71% of the total cases, respectively. The relationship between the temperature and the daily cases of HFMD in children under five years old was a ‘M’ pattern. Compared with a reference temperature (the 50 th percentile of average temperature during the study period, P 50), the maximum value of effect at 8.21 ℃ and 25.81 ℃ were 1.53(95%CI=1.33-1.76) and 1.47(95%CI=1.31-1.65). Higher temperatures (such as 25.81 ℃ in this paper) showed a long lag effect on the HFMD incidence compared with lower temperatures (such as 8.21 ℃). Subgroup analyses indicated that children aged 3-5 years (children who attended daycare) were more vulnerable to the effects of temperature changes on HFMD than those under 1 year old and 1-<3-year-old (cared at home).@*Conclusion@#The temperature has a significant impact on the HFMD incidence among children under five years old in Jingzhou. Daycare centers is the key place for prevention and control of HFMD.

Erythromycin for Promoting the Postpyloric Placement of Feeding Tubes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Critically ill patients can benefit from enteral nutrition with postpyloric feeding tubes, but the low success rate limits its wide use. Erythromycin could elevate the success rate of tube insertion, but its clinical efficiency still remains controversial. METHODS: Included studies must be RCTs which assessed the success rate of postpyloric feeding tube insertion using erythromycin. RESULTS: 284 patients were enrolled in six studies. Meta-analysis showed that erythromycin significantly increases the rate of successful postpyloric feeding tube placement (RR 1.45, 95% CI (1.12, 1.86)) and did not increase the risk of adverse effects (RR 2.15, 95% CI (0.20, 22.82)). Subgroup analysis showed that unweighted feeding tubes (RR 1.47, 95% CI (1.03, 2.11)) could significantly increase the success rate. Country of study, intravenous route of erythromycin, and year of participant enrollment did not influence these results. CONCLUSIONS: Erythromycin significantly increases the success rate of postpyloric feeding tube placement. This suggests that erythromycin can be used as an auxiliary method to improve the success rate of bedside insertion.