Expanding the scope of "trans-humanism": situating within the framework of life and death education - the importance of a "trans-mystical mindset".

Life and death education, as noted from the literatures, has been studied and researched extensively in China, Malaysia, and Taiwan. Our own research undertakings over the past several years, situated in different sociocultural settings have delved into aspects of life and death that could help advance theoretical understanding of the subject matters (e.g., does the meaning of "effective life functioning" connote differing interpretations for different cultural groups?). Situating within the framework of life and death education, we expand the study of trans-humanism by introducing an extended prefix or nomenclature known as "trans-mystical". Specifically, our philosophized concept of trans-mysticism considers a related concept, which we term as a "trans-mystical mindset". A trans-mystical mindset, differing from an ordinary mindset, from our philosophical rationalization, is defined as "a person's higher-order state of consciousness, espousing her perception, judgment, belief, and attempted interpretation of life and death phenomena that are mystifying and fall outside the ordinary boundaries of human psyche." Our focus of inquiry, as reported in the present article, seeks to advance our proposition: that a trans-mystical mindset, unlike an ordinary mindset, may help a person to rationalize, appreciate, and understand metaphysical contexts, mystical experiences, and the like. This focus, interestingly, serves to highlight an important discourse - namely, that there is a dichotomy in theoretical lenses (i.e., objective reality vs. individual subjectivity) that a person may use to rationalize the significance or non-significance of universal contexts, events, phenomena, etc. (e.g., a person's experience of "premonition"). As such, then, there is an important question that we seek to consider: whether philosophization, or the use of philosophical psychology, would yield perceived "scientific evidence" to support or to reject the study of metaphysicism, mysticism, and the like? For example, does our philosophization of an "equivalency" between a person's trans-mystical mindset and her experience of self-transcendence help to normalize and/or to scientize the subject matters of metaphysicism, mysticism, etc.?

Hypo-attenuating Berry Sign as a Novel Imaging Marker of Ruptured Aneurysm in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; a Diagnostic Accuracy Study.

Introduction: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) constitutes a life-threatening condition, and identifying the ruptured aneurysm is essential for further therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of hypo-attenuating berry sign (HBS) observed on computed tomography (CT) scan in distinguishing ruptured aneurysms. Methods: In this diagnostic accuracy study, patients who had SAH and underwent non-enhanced brain CT scan were recruited. The HBS was defined as a hypo-attenuating area with an identifiable border in the blood-filled hyper-dense subarachnoid space. The screening performance characteristics of HBS in identifying ruptured aneurysms were calculated considering the digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as the gold standard. Results: A total of 129 aneurysms in 131 patients were analyzed. The overall sensitivity and specificity of HBS in the diagnosis of aneurysms were determined to be 78.7% (95%CI: 73.1% - 83.4%) and 70.7% (95%CI: 54.3% - 83.4%), respectively. Notably, the sensitivity increased to 90.9% (95%CI: 84.3% - 95.0%) for aneurysms larger than 5mm. The level of inter-observer agreement for assessing the presence of HBS was found to be substantial (kappa=0.734). The diagnostic accuracy of HBS in individuals exhibited enhanced specificity, sensitivity, and reliability when evaluating patients with a solitary aneurysm or assessing ruptured aneurysms. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between aneurysm size and the presence of HBS (odds ratios of 1.667 (95%CI: 1.238 - 2.244; p < 0.001) and 1.696 (95%CI: 1.231 - 2.335; p = 0.001) for reader 1 and reader 2, respectively). Conclusions: The HBS can serve as a simple and easy-to-use indicator for identifying a ruptured aneurysm and estimating its size in SAH patients.  .

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Burkholderia contaminans ZCC and mechanistic analysis at the proteome level.

The biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by microorganisms has been a subject of increasing attention. Despite extensive studies on this biosynthetic pathway, the mechanisms underlying the involvement of proteins and enzymes in AgNPs production have not been fully explored. Herein, we reported that Burkholderia contaminans ZCC was able to reduce Ag+ to AgNPs with a diameter of (10±5) nm inside the cell. Exposure of B. contaminans ZCC to Ag+ ions led to significant changes in the functional groups of cellular proteins, with approximately 5.72% of the (C-OH) bonds being converted to (C-C/C-H) (3.61%) and CO (2.11%) bonds, and 4.52% of the CO (carbonyl) bonds being converted to (C-OH) bonds. Furthermore, the presence of Ag+ and AgNPs induced the ability of extracellular electron transfer for ZCC cells via specific membrane proteins, but this did not occur in the absence of Ag+ ions. Proteomic analysis of the proteins and enzymes involved in heavy metal efflux systems, protein secretion system, oxidative phosphorylation, intracellular electron transfer chain, and glutathione metabolism suggests that glutathione S-transferase and ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase iron-sulfur subunit play importance roles in the biosynthesis of AgNPs. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the functions exerted by glutathione S-transferase and ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase iron-sulfur subunits in the biogenesis of AgNPs, thereby hold immense potential for optimizing biotechnological techniques aimed at enhancing the yield and purity of biosynthetic AgNPs.

Mechanosynthesis of Pyrrole-2-carboxylic Acids via Copper-Catalyzed Spiroannulation/Ring-Opening Aromatization of 4-Arylidene Isoxazol-5-ones with Enamino Esters.

An efficient and practical tandem reaction of 4-arylidene isoxazol-5-ones with enamino esters catalyzed by an inexpensive copper salt has been established in a ball mill. This innovative approach yields a diverse array of structurally novel pyrrole-2-carboxylic acids, showing excellent tolerance toward different functional groups. By integrating spiroannulation and ring-opening aromatization processes, this protocol introduces a facile and cost-effective strategy for synthesizing highly functionalized pyrrole derivatives.

25(OH)D level and vascular lesion scores in kidney histopathology as risk-stratification tool for predicting renal progression in people with type 2 diabetes.

AIM: To evaluate the potential of the combined individual vascular histopathological lesion and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] level as predictors of outcomes in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease. METHODS: A total of 190 patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease stages 1-4 were retrospectively included. Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log-rank test were performed to assess renal survival differences. And the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to characterize the predictive accuracy. Hazard ratios for vascular lesion scores and 25(OH)D levels with renal outcomes were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models with follow-up time. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 23.78 (12.61, 37.14) months, 71 patients (37.4 %) experienced the renal outcomes. Enrolled patients with more severe vascular lesions had worse kidney function, heavier proteinuria, lower serum 25(OH)D levels, and higher prevalence of composite kidney outcomes. Baseline serum 25(OH)D was a significant independent risk factor for vascular lesion scores. The effect of serum 25(OH)D level on kidney prognosis was more pronounced in males and those with more exacerbated vascular lesions (score 2). The severity of vascular lesions and serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with unfavorable kidney outcomes. Accordingly, further time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves confirmed that combined 25(OH)D level and vascular lesion score had a stable and reliable performance in renal outcomes prediction at short and long-term follow-up times. CONCLUSIONS: 25(OH)D level and vascular lesion scores in kidney histopathology could serve as a useful risk-stratification tool for predicting renal progression in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Treatment of electroplating wastewater using electrocoagulation and integrated membrane.

Electroplating wastewater contains heavy metal ions and organic matter. These contaminants not only endanger the environment but also pose risks to human health. Despite the development of various treatment processes such as chemical precipitation MBR, electrocoagulation (EC) ceramic membrane (CM), coagulation ultrafiltration (UF) reverse osmosis (RO), and CM RO. These methods are only effective for low concentrations of heavy metals and struggle with high concentrations. To address the challenge of treating electroplating wastewater with high heavy metal content, this study focuses on the wastewater from Dongfang Aviation Machinery Processing Plant. It introduces an EC and integrated membrane (IM) treatment process for electroplating wastewater. The IM comprises microfiltration (MF) membrane, nanofiltration (NF) membrane, and RO membrane. Results indicated that under specific conditions, such as a pH of 8, current density of 5 A/dm2, electrode plate spacing of 2 cm, 35 min of electrolysis time, and influent pH of 10 for the IM, removal rates of Zn2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and TCr in the wastewater exceeded 99%. The removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and petroleum in wastewater exceed 97%. Following a continuous cleaning process, the membrane flux can consistently recover to over 94.3%.

Investigation of Nasal Mucosal IgA Responses in the Population Following COVID-19 Pandemic - China, September 2022-August 2023.

What is already known about this topic?: Mucosal IgA plays a crucial role in host immunity against respiratory viruses. Recent studies suggest that it has the potential to mitigate the transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant. However, a comprehensive population-based analysis examining mucosal IgA levels following the winter 2022 wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is yet to be conducted. What is added by this report?: In our study involving 3,421 participants, we documented IgA responses subsequent to SARS-CoV-2 infection. A significant proportion of individuals sustained increased levels of IgA for over six months. These levels were also observed in individuals with prior infections who underwent asymptomatic reinfections, indicating an active production of IgA antibodies. Further, individuals with multiple vaccinations or severe symptoms tended to display elevated IgA levels after recovery. What are the implications for public health practice?: IgA in the nasal mucosa is crucial for defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection. These insights can enhance our knowledge of immune responses following infection and have provided certain reference values for disease prevention and control strategies.

Inhibition of sugar-binding activity of Galectins-8 by thiogalactoside (TDG) attenuates secondary brain damage and improves long-term prognosis following intracerebral hemorrhage.

Galectins-8 (Gal-8), the tandem repeat sequences of the galectin family, can influence the pathophysiologic processes in neurological disorders. However, its effect on intracerebral hemorrhage and related mechanisms remains nebulous. Using collagenase VII-S-induced ICH in the left striatum of mice, we investigated the effects of Gal-8 on cellular and molecular immune inflammatory responses in hemorrhagic brain and evaluated the severity of short- and long-term brain injury. Our results showed that activated microglia in the periphery of hematoma in mice with intracerebral hemorrhage expressed Gal-8, while Gal-8 could regulate the expression of cytokines, such as HMGB-1 (P = 0.0032), TNF-α (P = 0.0158), and IL-10 (P = 0.0379). Inhibition of the glucose-binding activity of Gal-8 by thiogalactoside (TDG) significantly reduced the volume of cerebral hematoma (P = 0.0241) and hydrocephalus (P = 0.0112) during the acute phase of cerebral hemorrhage and improved the long-term prognosis. TDG can reduce acute-phase brain tissue injury and improve the prognosis by inhibiting the activation of immune-inflammatory cells in the periphery of hematoma and reducing the release of pro-inflammatory factors.

CsEXL3 regulate mechanical harvest-related droopy leaves under the transcriptional activation of CsBES1.2 in tea plant.

Due to a labor shortage, the mechanical harvesting of tea plantations has become a focal point. However, mechanical harvest efficiency was hampered by droopy leaves, leading to a high rate of broken tea shoots and leaves. Here, we dissected the genetic structure of leaf droopiness in tea plants using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on 146 accessions, combined with transcriptome from two accessions with contrasting droopy leaf phenotypes. A set of 16 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) containing 54 SNPs and 34 corresponding candidate genes associated with droopiness were then identified. Among these, CsEXL3 (EXORDIUM-LIKE 3) from Chromosome 1 emerged as a candidate gene. Further investigations revealed that silencing CsEXL3 in tea plants resulted in weaker vascular cell malformation and brassinosteroid-induced leaf droopiness. Additionally, brassinosteroid signal factor CsBES1.2 was proved to participate in CsEXL3-induced droopiness and vascular cell malformation via using the CsBES1.2-silencing tea plant. Notably, CsBES1.2 bound on the E-box of CsEXL3 promoter to transcriptionally activate CsEXL3 expression as CUT&TAG based ChIP-qPCR and ChIP-seq suggested in vivo as well as EMSA and Y1H indicated in vitro. Furthermore, CsEXL3 instead of CsBES1.2 decreased lignin content and the expressing levels of lignin biosynthesis genes. Overall, our findings suggest that CsEXL3 regulates droopy leaves, partially through the transcriptional activation of CsBES1.2, with the potential to improve mechanical harvest efficiency in tea plantations.

High-density genetic map construction and QTL mapping of a zigzag-shaped stem trait in tea plant (Camellia sinensis).

The highly unique zigzag-shaped stem phenotype in tea plants boasts significant ornamental value and is exceptionally rare. To investigate the genetic mechanism behind this trait, we developed BC1 artificial hybrid populations. Our genetic analysis revealed the zigzag-shaped trait as a qualitative trait. Utilizing whole-genome resequencing, we constructed a high-density genetic map from the BC1 population, incorporating 5,250 SNP markers across 15 linkage groups, covering 3,328.51 cM with an average marker interval distance of 0.68 cM. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) for the zigzag-shaped trait was identified on chromosome 4, within a 61.2 to 97.2 Mb range, accounting for a phenotypic variation explained (PVE) value of 13.62%. Within this QTL, six candidate genes were pinpointed. To better understand their roles, we analyzed gene expression in various tissues and individuals with erect and zigzag-shaped stems. The results implicated CsXTH (CSS0035625) and CsCIPK14 (CSS0044366) as potential key contributors to the zigzag-shaped stem formation. These discoveries lay a robust foundation for future functional genetic mapping and tea plant genetic enhancement.

Siwu decoction exerts a phytoestrogenic osteoprotective effect on postmenopausal osteoporosis via the estrogen receptor/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/serine/threonine protein kinase pathway.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Siwu decoction (SWD) is widely used in gynecological diseases, such as peripheral menopause syndrome, premature ovarian failure, and menstrual disorder. However, the mechanism of SWD on postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY: To discover the phytoestrogenic osteoprotective effect of SWD on PMOP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The potential mechanism of SWD on PMOP was filtered through network pharmacology research. The potential mechanism was verified in MC3T3-E1 cell lines in vitro. CCK8 assay was conducted to assess cell proliferation and the expressions of ER/PI3K/AKT pathway were analysed using Western blot. Female F-344 rats were chosen to set up the PMOP model. The osteoprotective effect of SWD in vivo was evaluated using Hematoxylin-eosin staining, TRAP staining, Goldner staining and DXA. The potential mechanism was verified in vivo through western blot and immunohistochemistry. RT-qPCR was conducted to unveil the expressions of osteogenesis genes. RESULTS: Network pharmacology research showed that ER/PI3K/AKT pathway may be the potential mechanism of SWD on PMOP. SWD promoted the proliferation of osteoblasts and regulated the protein expressions of ER/PI3K/AKT pathway in vitro. SWD improved the morphological structure, bone mineralization and bone mineral density of femurs and suppressed osteoclastogenesis in PMOP rat model via ER/PI3K/AKT pathway in vivo. In addition, SWD regulated the mRNA expressions of osteogenesis-related genes. CONCLUSIONS: SWD exerts a phytoestrogenic osteoprotective on PMOP by regulating ER/PI3K/AKT pathway, which marks it as a valuable medicine or supplement of PMOP.

Heterogeneity of myeloid cells in common cancers: Single cell insights and targeting strategies.

Tumor microenvironment (TME), is characterized by a complex and heterogenous composition involving a substantial population of immune cells. Myeloid cells comprising over half of the solid tumor mass, are undoubtedly one of the most prominent cell populations associated with tumors. Studies have unambiguously established that myeloid cells play a key role in tumor development, including immune suppression, pro-inflammation, promote tumor metastasis and angiogenesis, for example, tumor-associated macrophages promote tumor progression in a variety of common tumors, including lung cancer, through direct or indirect interactions with the TME. However, due to previous technological constraints, research on myeloid cells often tended to be conducted as studies with low throughput and limited resolution. For example, the conventional categorization of macrophages into M1-like and M2-like subsets based solely on their anti-tumor and pro-tumor roles has disregarded their continuum of states, resulting in an inadequate analysis of the high heterogeneity characterizing myeloid cells. The widespread adoption of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in tumor immunology has propelled researchers into a new realm of understanding, leading to the establishment of novel subsets and targets. In this review, the origin of myeloid cells in high-incidence cancers, the functions of myeloid cell subsets examined through traditional and single-cell perspectives, as well as specific targeting strategies, are comprehensively outlined. As a result of this endeavor, we will gain a better understanding of myeloid cell heterogeneity, as well as contribute to the development of new therapeutic approaches.

Copper-Catalyzed [3 + 2] Annulation of O-Acyl Oximes with 4-Sulfonamidophenols for the Synthesis of 5-Sulfonamidoindoles and 2-Amido-5-sulfonamidobenzofuran-3(2H)-ones.

A copper-catalyzed [3 + 2] annulation of O-acyl oximes with 4-sulfonamidophenols is developed. The advantage of this method lies in the concurrent double activation of two substrates to form nucleophilic enamines and electrophilic quinone monoimines. The substituent on the α-carbon of O-acyl oxime determines two different reaction pathways, thereby leading to the selective generation of 5-sulfonamidoindoles and 2-amido-5-sulfonamidobenzofuran-3(2H)-ones.

TFPI from erythroblasts drives heme production in central macrophages promoting erythropoiesis in polycythemia.

Bleeding and thrombosis are known as common complications of polycythemia for a long time. However, the role of coagulation system in erythropoiesis is unclear. Here, we discover that an anticoagulant protein tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) plays an essential role in erythropoiesis via the control of heme biosynthesis in central macrophages. TFPI levels are elevated in erythroblasts of human erythroblastic islands with JAK2V617F mutation and hypoxia condition. Erythroid lineage-specific knockout TFPI results in impaired erythropoiesis through decreasing ferrochelatase expression and heme biosynthesis in central macrophages. Mechanistically, the TFPI interacts with thrombomodulin to promote the downstream ERK1/2-GATA1 signaling pathway to induce heme biosynthesis in central macrophages. Furthermore, TFPI blockade impairs human erythropoiesis in vitro, and normalizes the erythroid compartment in mice with polycythemia. These results show that erythroblast-derived TFPI plays an important role in the regulation of erythropoiesis and reveal an interplay between erythroblasts and central macrophages.

The Use of Chatbots in Head and Neck Mucosal Malignancy Treatment Recommendations.

OBJECTIVE: As cancer patients increasingly use chatbots, it is crucial to recognize ChatGPT's potential in enhancing health literacy while ensuring validation to prevent misinformation. This study aims to assess ChatGPT-3.5's capability to provide appropriate staging and treatment recommendations for head and neck mucosal malignancies for vulnerable populations. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Forty distinct clinical vignettes were introduced into ChatGPT to inquire about staging and treatment recommendations for head and neck mucosal malignancies. METHODS: Prompts were created based on head and neck cancer (HNC) disease descriptions (cancer location, tumor size, lymph node involvement, and symptoms). Staging and treatment recommendations according to the 2021 National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines were scored by three fellowship-trained HNC surgeons from two separate tertiary care institutions. HNC surgeons assessed the accuracy of staging and treatment recommendations, such as the completeness of surgery and the appropriateness of treatment modality. RESULTS: Whereas ChatGPT's responses were 95% accurate at recommending the correct first-line treatment based on the 2021 NCCN guidelines, 55% of the responses contained inaccurate staging. Neck dissection was incorrectly omitted from treatment recommendations in 50% of the cases. Moreover, 40% of ChatGPT's treatment recommendations were deemed unnecessary. CONCLUSION: This study emphasizes ChatGPT's potential in HNC patient education, aligning with NCCN guidelines for mucosal malignancies, but highlights the importance of ongoing refinement and scrutiny due to observed inaccuracies in tumor, nodal, metastasis staging, incomplete surgery options, and inappropriate treatment recommendations. Otolaryngologists can use this information to caution patients, families, and trainees regarding the use of ChatGPT for HNC education without expert guidance.

Tryptophan in the mouse diet is essential for embryo implantation and decidualization.

Introduction: Nutritional deficiency occurs frequently during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Tryptophan (Trp), an essential amino acid which is critical for protein synthesis, serves as the precursor for serotonin, melatonin, and kynurenine (Kyn). The imbalance between serotonin and kynurenine pathways in Trp metabolism is closely related to inflammation and depression. This study assessed the effects of Trp deficiency on mouse early pregnancy. Methods: Embryo implantation and decidualization were analyzed after female mice had been fed diets containing 0.2% Trp (for the control group), 0.062% Trp (for the low Trp group) and 0% Trp (for the Trp-free group) for two months. The uteri of the mice were collected on days 4, 5, and 8 of pregnancy for further analysis. Results: On day 8 of pregnancy, the number of implantation sites were found to be similar between the control and the low Trp groups. However, no implantation sites were detected in the Trp-free group. On day 5 of pregnancy, plane polarity- and decidualization-related molecules showed abnormal expression pattern in the Trp-free group. On day 4 of pregnancy, there was no significant difference in uterine receptivity molecules between the low-Trp group and the control group, but uterine receptivity was abnormal in the Trp-free group. At implantation sites of the Trp-free group, IDO and AHR levels were markedly elevated. This potentially increased levels of Kyn, 2-hydroxy estradiol, and 4-hydroxy estradiol to affect decidualization. Conclusions: Trp-free diet may impair decidualization via the IDO-KYN-AHR pathway.

Effectiveness of a flipped classroom for undergraduate in implant dentistry hands-on course.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the learning in the implant dentistry hands-on course to that of the flipped classroom (FC) and the traditional lecture cohorts (control). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study,80 students were enrolled for the first time in an implant dentistry program. Subsequently, they were divided into two groups. The first, the FC group, which had free access to a video with a PowerPoint presentation on the Chaoxing-WHU-MOOC platform about the implant placement on first molar sites before class. The second, the control group, which attended a didactic lecture describing implant practice on the first molar site via a bidirectional multimedia interactive teaching demonstration and then operated on a simulation model. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and the deviation gauge were utilized to analyze the accuracy of the implant placement in the students' models. An online satisfaction questionnaire was distributed to both groups one week after the class. RESULTS: The linear deviation of the CBCT examination did not show any statistical difference between the two groups concerning cervical, apex, and angular. A significant buccal deviation was observed in the control group compared with the FC group (mean: 0.7436 mm vs. 0.2875 mm, p = 0.0035), according to the restoration-level deviation gauge. A total of 74.36% of students in the FC group placed implant within 0.5 mm buccal-to-lingual deviations, but only 41.03% of students in the control group reached within 0.5 mm buccal-to-lingual deviation ranges. Additionally, 91.67% of the students in the FC group and 97.5% of the students in the control group were satisfied with the practical implant class. CONCLUSION: FC was more effective than a didactic lecture for implant dentistry practical skill acquisition.

Unveiling heterogeneity in MSCs: exploring marker-based strategies for defining MSC subpopulations.

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) represent a heterogeneous cell population distributed throughout various tissues, demonstrating remarkable adaptability to microenvironmental cues and holding immense promise for disease treatment. However, the inherent diversity within MSCs often leads to variability in therapeutic outcomes, posing challenges for clinical applications. To address this heterogeneity, purification of MSC subpopulations through marker-based isolation has emerged as a promising approach to ensure consistent therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we discussed the reported markers of MSCs, encompassing those developed through candidate marker strategies and high-throughput approaches, with the aim of explore viable strategies for addressing the heterogeneity of MSCs and illuminate prospective research directions in this field.

Nuclear matrix protein 22 in bladder cancer.

Bladder cancer (BC) is ranked as the ninth most common malignancy worldwide, with approximately 570,000 new cases reported annually and over 200,000 deaths. Cystoscopy remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of BC, however, its invasiveness, cost, and discomfort have driven the demand for the development of non-invasive, cost-effective alternatives. Nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) is a promising non-invasive diagnostic tool, having received FDA approval. Traditional methods for detecting NMP22 require a laboratory environment equipped with specialized equipment and trained personnel, thus, the development of NMP22 detection devices holds substantial potential for application. In this review, we evaluate the NMP22 sensors developed over the past decade, including electrochemical, colorimetric, and fluorescence biosensors. These sensors have enhanced detection sensitivity and overcome the limitations of existing diagnostic methods. However, many emerging devices exhibit deficiencies that limit their potential clinical use, therefore, we propose how sensor design can be optimized to enhance the likelihood of clinical translation and discuss the future applications of NMP22 as a legacy biomarker, providing insights for the design of new sensors.