RESUMEN
The protein Kinase B alpha (AKT) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathways are central regulators of cellular signaling events at the basis of tumor development and progression. Both pathways are often up-regulated in different tumor types including melanoma. We recently reported the identification of compound 1 (BI-69A11) as inhibitor of the AKT and the NF-κB pathways. Here, we describe SAR studies that led to novel fluorinated derivatives with increased cellular potency, reflected in efficient inhibition of AKT and IKKs. Selected compounds demonstrated effective toxicity on melanoma, breast, and prostate cell lines. Finally, a representative derivative showed promising efficacy in an in vivo melanoma xenograft model.
Asunto(s)
FN-kappa B/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/síntesis química , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Bencimidazoles/química , Bencimidazoles/farmacología , Bencimidazoles/toxicidad , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Humanos , Melanoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Melanoma/metabolismo , Melanoma/patología , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/toxicidad , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Quinolonas/química , Quinolonas/farmacología , Quinolonas/toxicidad , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Trasplante HeterólogoRESUMEN
c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) represent valuable targets in the development of new therapies. Present on the surface of JNK is a binding pocket for substrates and the scaffolding protein JIP1 in close proximity to the ATP binding pocket. We propose that bidentate compounds linking the binding energies of weakly interacting ATP and substrate mimetics could result in potent and selective JNK inhibitors. We describe here a bidentate molecule, 19, designed against JNK. 19 inhibits JNK kinase activity (IC(50) = 18 nM; K(i) = 1.5 nM) and JNK/substrate association in a displacement assay (IC(50) = 46 nM; K(i) = 2 nM). Our data demonstrate that 19 targets for the ATP and substrate-binding sites on JNK concurrently. Finally, compound 19 successfully inhibits JNK in a variety of cell-based experiments, as well as in vivo where it is shown to protect against Jo-2 induced liver damage and improve glucose tolerance in diabetic mice.
Asunto(s)
Adenosina Trifosfato/química , Proteínas Quinasas JNK Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Péptidos/química , Secuencias de Aminoácidos , Animales , Unión Competitiva , Línea Celular , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/prevención & control , Secuencia de Consenso , Citocinas/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Diseño de Fármacos , Femenino , Intolerancia a la Glucosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Hipoglucemiantes/síntesis química , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Proteínas Quinasas JNK Activadas por Mitógenos/química , Proteínas Quinasas JNK Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Modelos Moleculares , Imitación Molecular , Péptidos/síntesis química , Péptidos/farmacología , Fosforilación , Unión Proteica , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Especificidad por SustratoRESUMEN
Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and ephrin ligands control many physiological and pathological processes, and molecules interfering with their interaction are useful probes to elucidate their complex biological functions. Moreover, targeting Eph receptors might enable new strategies to inhibit cancer progression and pathological angiogenesis as well as promote nerve regeneration. Because our previous work suggested the importance of the salicylic acid group in antagonistic small molecules targeting Eph receptors, we screened a series of salicylic acid derivatives to identify novel Eph receptor antagonists. This identified a disalicylic acid-furanyl derivative that inhibits ephrin-A5 binding to EphA4 with an IC(50) of 3 µm in ELISAs. This compound, which appears to bind to the ephrin-binding pocket of EphA4, also targets several other Eph receptors. Furthermore, it inhibits EphA2 and EphA4 tyrosine phosphorylation in cells stimulated with ephrin while not affecting phosphorylation of EphB2, which is not a target receptor. In endothelial cells, the disalicylic acid-furanyl derivative inhibits EphA2 phosphorylation in response to TNFα and capillary-like tube formation on Matrigel, two effects that depend on EphA2 interaction with endogenous ephrin-A1. These findings suggest that salicylic acid derivatives could be used as starting points to design new small molecule antagonists of Eph receptors.
Asunto(s)
Efrinas/metabolismo , Unión Proteica/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores de la Familia Eph/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptores de la Familia Eph/metabolismo , Salicilatos/química , Salicilatos/farmacología , Animales , Sitios de Unión , Línea Celular , Haplorrinos , Humanos , Ratones , Modelos Moleculares , Receptores de la Familia Eph/químicaRESUMEN
We report comprehensive structure-activity relationship studies on a novel series of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitors. Intriguingly, the compounds have a dual inhibitory activity by functioning as both ATP and JIP mimetics, possibly by binding to both the ATP binding site and to the docking site of the kinase. Several of such novel compounds display potent JNK inhibitory profiles both in vitro and in cell.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Quinasas JNK Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/síntesis química , Tiofenos/farmacología , Adenosina Trifosfato , Sitios de Unión , Línea Celular , Diseño de Fármacos , Humanos , Imitación Molecular , Unión Proteica , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Tiofenos/químicaRESUMEN
A new series of 3-ethynyl-1H-indazoles has been synthesized and evaluated in both biochemical and cell-based assays as potential kinase inhibitors. Interestingly, a selected group of compounds identified from this series exhibited low micromolar inhibition against critical components of the PI3K pathway, targeting PI3K, PDK1, and mTOR kinases. A combination of computational modeling and structure-activity relationship studies reveals a possible novel mode for PI3K inhibition, resulting in a PI3Kα isoform-specific compound. Hence, by targeting the most oncogenic mutant isoform of PI3K, the compound displays antiproliferative activity both in monolayer human cancer cell cultures and in three-dimensional tumor models. Because of its favorable physicochemical, in vitro ADME and drug-like properties, we propose that this novel ATP mimetic scaffold could prove useful in deriving novel selecting and multikinase inhibitors for clinical use.
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Indazoles/química , Indazoles/farmacología , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Diseño de Fármacos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/síntesis química , Humanos , Indazoles/síntesis química , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Espectrometría de Masas , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
A series of thiadiazole derivatives has been designed as potential allosteric, substrate competitive inhibitors of the protein kinase JNK. We report on the synthesis, characterization and evaluation of a series of compounds that resulted in the identification of potent and selective JNK inhibitors targeting its JIP-1 docking site.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Quinasas JNK Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/síntesis química , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Tiadiazoles/síntesis química , Tiadiazoles/farmacología , Diseño de Fármacos , Células HeLa , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/química , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Tiadiazoles/químicaRESUMEN
A new series of 2-thioether-benzothiazoles has been synthesized and evaluated for JNK inhibition. The SAR studies led to the discovery of potent, allosteric JNK inhibitors with selectivity against p38.
Asunto(s)
Benzotiazoles/química , Proteínas Quinasas JNK Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/química , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/metabolismo , Regulación Alostérica , Benzotiazoles/síntesis química , Benzotiazoles/farmacología , Simulación por Computador , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Proteínas Quinasas JNK Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Fragmentos de Péptidos/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/síntesis química , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Proteínas Quinasas p38 Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Quinasas p38 Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismoRESUMEN
We report comprehensive structure-activity relationship studies on a novel series of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitors. The compounds are substrate competitive inhibitors that bind to the docking site of the kinase. The reported medicinal chemistry and structure-based optimizations studies resulted in the discovery of selective and potent thiadiazole JNK inhibitors that display promising in vivo activity in mouse models of insulin insensitivity.