Electronic structure and magnetothermal properties of two-dimensional ScCl.

Two-dimensional ferromagnetic materials with intrinsic half-metallic properties have strong application advantages in nanoscale spintronics. Herein, density functional theory calculations show that monolayer ScCl is a ferromagnetic metallic material when undoped (n = 0), and the transition from metal to half-metal occurs with the continuous doping of holes. On the contrary, as the concentration of doped electrons increases, the system will exhibit metallic characteristics, which is particularly evident from a variation in spin polarizability. Furthermore, we have discussed how doped carriers affect the shape of the Fermi surface and the Fermi velocity of electrons. Most importantly, Monte Carlo simulations show that the ScCl monolayer is particularly regulated by carrier concentration (n) and magnetic field (h). Additionally, trends in energy and magnetic exchange coupling in different magnetic configurations (AFM phase and FM phase) with different doping concentrations are presented. When n < -0.16, the material is not only a half-metallic material that easily flips the magnetic axis, but also proves to be a candidate ferromagnetic material that works stably at room temperature in terms of dynamic stability. In addition, the origin of magnetocrystalline anisotropy is analyzed, and the contribution of different orbitals to spin-orbit coupling is presented. Moreover, we note that when magnetic field is small (h < 1 T), the change in size has a significant effect on ferromagnetic phase transition. However, when the system size is large (size >15 nm), TC is less sensitive to magnetic field. In addition, hole doping and size effect will greatly affect the hC of the system, but when the hole doping exceeds the critical value (n = -0.16), its influence on the hysteresis loop is no longer obvious. These interesting magnetic phenomena and easily adjustable physical properties show us that monolayer ScCl will be a promising functional material.

Equibiaxial strain regulates the electronic structure and mechanical, piezoelectric, and thermal transport properties of the 2H-phase monolayers CrX2 (X = S, Se, Te).

A superior piezoelectric coefficient and diminutive lattice thermal conductivity are advantageous for the application of a two-dimensional semiconductor in piezoelectric and thermoelectric devices, whereas an imperfect piezoelectric coefficient and large lattice thermal conductivity limit the practical application of the material. In this study, we investigate how the equibiaxial strain regulates the electronic structure, and mechanical, piezoelectric, and thermal transport properties. Tensile strain can deduce the bandgap of the monolayer CrX2 (X = S, Se, Te), whereas compressive strain has an opposite effect. Additionally, the transition from a semiconductor to a metal state and the transition between direct and indirect band gaps will occur at appropriate strain values, so the electronic structure can be effectively regulated. The reason is the different sensitivities of the energy corresponding to K and Γ on the valence band to the strain due to the changes in different orbital overlaps. The tensile strain can effectively improve the flexibility of monolayers CrX2, which provides a possibility for the application of flexible electronic devices. Furthermore, the tensile strain can improve the piezoelectric strain coefficient of monolayers CrX2. Using Slacks formulation, we calculate the lattice thermal conductivity, and the tensile biaxial strain can reduce the lattice thermal conductivity. Our research provides a strategy to enhance the piezoelectric and flexible electronic applications and decrease the lattice thermal conductivity, which can benefit the thermoelectric applications.

The coexistence of high piezoelectricity and superior optical absorption in Janus Bi2X2Y (X = Te, Se; Y = Te, Se, S) monolayers.

Bismuth chalcogenide and its derivatives have been attracting attention in various fields as semiconductors or topological insulators. Inspired by the high piezoelectric properties of Janus Bi2TeSeS monolayer and the excellent optical absorption properties of the Bi2X3 (X = Te, Se, S) monolayers, we theoretically predicted four new-type two-dimensional (2D) monolayers Janus Bi2X2Y (X = Te, Se; Y = Te, Se, S) using the first principles combined with density functional theory (DFT). The thermal, dynamic, and mechanical stabilities of Janus Bi2X2Y monolayers were confirmed based on ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations, phonon dispersion, and elastic constants calculations. Their elastic properties, band structures, piezoelectric, and optical properties were systematically investigated. It was found that Janus Bi2X2Y monolayers have a typical Mexican hat-shaped valence band edge structure and, therefore, have a ring-shaped flat band edge, which results in their indirect band gaps. The results show that Janus Bi2X2Y monolayers are semiconductors with moderate band gaps (0.62-0.98 eV at the HSE + SOC level). After considering the electron-phonon renormalization (EPR), the band gaps are reduced by less than 5% at 0 K under the zero-point renormalization (ZPR) and further reduced by approximately 10% at 300 K. Besides, Janus Bi2X2Y monolayers also exhibit excellent optical absorption properties in the blue-UV light region, with the peak values at the order of 8 × 105 cm-1. Particularly, the Janus Bi2Te2S monolayer was found to exhibit a piezoelectric strain coefficient d11 of up to 20.30 pm V-1, which is higher than that of most of the 2D materials. Our results indicate that Janus Bi2X2Y monolayers could be promising candidates in solar cells, optical absorption, and optoelectronic devices; especially, a Janus Bi2Te2S monolayer can also be an excellent piezoelectric material with great prospects in the fields of mechanical and electrical energy conversion.

The benefits of rehabilitation exercise in improving chronic traumatic encephalopathy: recent advances and future perspectives.

Traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) is used to describe the clinical manifestations of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). However, effective treatment and prevention strategies are lacking. Increasing evidence has shown that rehabilitation training could prevent cognitive decline, enhance brain plasticity, and effectively improve neurological function in neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the mechanisms involved in the effects of rehabilitation exercise therapy on the prognosis of CTE are worth exploring. The aim of this article is to review the pathogenesis of CTE and provide a potential clinical intervention strategy for CTE.

Two-dimensional Janus pentagonal MSeTe (M = Ni, Pd, Pt): promising water-splitting photocatalysts and optoelectronic materials.

Inspired by the interesting and novel properties exhibited by Janus transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and two-dimensional pentagonal structures, we here investigated the structural stability, mechanical, electronic, photocatalytic, and optical properties for a class of two-dimensional (2D) pentagonal Janus TMDs, namely penta-MSeTe (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) monolayers, by using density functional theory (DFT) combined with Hubbard's correction (U). Our results showed that these monolayers exhibit good structural stability, appropriate band structures for photocatalysts, high visible light absorption, and good photocatalytic applicability. The calculated electronic properties reveal that the penta-MSeTe are semiconductors with a bandgap range of 2.06-2.39 eV, and their band edge positions meet the requirements for water-splitting photocatalysts in various environments (pH = 0-13). We used stress engineering to seek higher solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency in acidic (pH = 0), neutral (pH = 7) and alkaline (pH = 13) environments for penta-MSeTe from 0% to +8% biaxial and uniaxial strains. Our results showed that penta-PdSeTe stretched 8% along the y direction and demonstrates an STH efficiency of up to 29.71% when pH = 0, which breaks the theoretical limit of the conventional photocatalytic model. We also calculated the optical properties and found that they exhibit high absorption (13.11%) in the visible light range and possess a diverse range of hyperbolic regions. Hence, it is anticipated that penta-MSeTe materials hold great promise for applications in photocatalytic water splitting and optoelectronic devices.

Enhanced single-base mutation diversity by the combination of cytidine deaminase with DNA-repairing enzymes in yeast.

The occurrence of random mutations can increase the diversity of the genome and promote the evolutionary process of organisms. High efficiency mutagenesis techniques significantly accelerate the evolutionary process. In this work, we describe a targeted mutagenesis system named MutaT7trans to significantly increase mutation rate and generate mutations across all four nucleotides in yeast. We constructed different DNA-repairing enzyme-PmCDA1-T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNAP) fusion proteins, achieved targeted mutagenesis by flanking the target gene with T7 promoters, and tuned the mutation spectra by introducing different DNA-repairing enzymes. With this mutagenesis tool, the proportion of non-C â†’ T mutations was 10-11-fold higher than the cytidine deaminase-based evolutionary tools, and the transversion mutation frequency was also elevated. The mutation rate of the target gene was significantly increased to 5.25 × 10-3 substitutions per base (s. p. b.). We also demonstrated that MutaT7trans could be used to evolve the CrtE, CrtI, and CrtYB gene in the ß-carotene biosynthesis process and generate different types of mutations.

Modifying a D-A-π-A-D HTM system for higher hole mobility by the meta-substitution strategy to weaken the electron-donating ability of the donor unit: a DFT study.

Tuning the electron-donating ability (EDA) of the donor units of hole transporting materials (HTMs) is an efficient strategy to modulate the optoelectronic properties of HTMs. Based on this strategy, we first theoretically investigated the effects of the EDA of donor units on D-A-π-A-D architectural HTMs. The results show that the enhanced EDA of the donor unit leads to larger hole reorganization energy and poorer molecular stability of HTMs. In contrast, meta-substitution of side groups is an effective strategy to reduce the EDA of the donor unit. We found that the application of the meta-substitution strategy in the D-A-π-A-D system not only successfully improves the molecular stability, but also achieves higher hole mobility by promoting the electronic coupling between the molecular dimers and decreasing the hole reorganization energies simultaneously. Studies on interfacial properties indicate that intermolecular coupling also synergistically enhances the interfacial charge extraction performance and reduces carrier recombination. In conclusion, by utilizing the meta-substitution strategy to reduce the EDA of donor units on D-A-π-A-D architectural HTMs, we successfully designed four superior performance HTMs mD1, mD2, mD3, and mD4.

Genome engineering on size reduction and complexity simplification: A review.

BACKGROUND: Genome simplification is an important topic in the field of life sciences that has attracted attention from its conception to the present day. It can help uncover the essential components of the genome and, in turn, shed light on the underlying operating principles of complex biological systems. This has made it a central focus of both basic and applied research in the life sciences. With the recent advancements in related technologies and our increasing knowledge of the genome, now is an opportune time to delve into this topic. AIM OF REVIEW: Our review investigates the progress of genome simplification from two perspectives: genome size reduction and complexity simplification. In addition, we provide insights into the future development trends of genome simplification. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW: Reducing genome size requires eliminating non-essential elements as much as possible. This process has been facilitated by advances in genome manipulation and synthesis techniques. However, we still need a better and clearer understanding of living systems to reduce genome complexity. As there is a lack of quantitative and clearly defined standards for this task, we have opted to approach the topic from various perspectives and present our findings accordingly.

Role of microglial metabolic reprogramming in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by damage to nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Key pathogenic mechanisms underlying PD include alpha-synuclein misfolding and aggregation, impaired protein clearance, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. However, to date, no study has confirmed the specific pathogenesis of PD. Similarly, current PD treatment methods still have shortcomings. Although some emerging therapies have proved effective for PD, the specific mechanism still needs further clarification. Metabolic reprogramming, a term first proposed by Warburg, is applied to the metabolic energy characteristics of tumor cells. Microglia have similar metabolic characteristics. Pro-inflammatory M1 type and anti-inflammatory M2 type are the two types of activated microglia, which exhibit different metabolic patterns in glucose, lipid, amino acid, and iron metabolism. Additionally, mitochondrial dysfunction may be involved in microglial metabolic reprogramming by activating various signaling mechanisms. Functional changes in microglia resulting from metabolic reprogramming can cause changes in the brain microenvironment, thus playing an important role in neuroinflammation or tissue repair. The involvement of microglial metabolic reprogramming in PD pathogenesis has been confirmed. Neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neuronal death can effectively be reduced by inhibiting certain metabolic pathways in M1 microglia or reverting M1 cells to the M2 phenotype. This review summarizes the relationship between microglial metabolic reprogramming and PD and provides strategies for PD treatment.

Hexagonal warping effect in the Janus group-VIA binary monolayers with large Rashba spin splitting and piezoelectricity.

In this paper, the electronic band structure, Rashba effect, hexagonal warping, and piezoelectricity of Janus group-VIA binary monolayers STe2, SeTe2, and Se2Te are investigated based on density functional theory (DFT). Due to the inversion asymmetry and spin-orbit coupling (SOC), the STe2, SeTe2 and Se2Te monolayers exhibit large intrinsic Rashba spin splitting (RSS) at the Γ point with the Rashba parameters 0.19 eV Å, 0.39 eV Å, and 0.34 eV Å, respectively. Interestingly, based on the k·p model via symmetry analysis, the hexagonal warping effect and a nonzero spin projection component Sz arise at a larger constant energy surface due to nonlinear k3 terms. Then, the warping strength λ was obtained by fitting the calculated energy band data. Additionally, in-plane biaxial strain can significantly modulate the band structure and RSS. Furthermore, all these systems exhibit large in-plane and out-of-plane piezoelectricity due to inversion and mirror asymmetry. The calculated piezoelectric coefficients d11 and d31 are about 15-40 pm V-1 and 0.2-0.4 pm V-1, respectively, which are superior to those of most reported Janus monolayers. Because of the large RSS and piezoelectricity, the studied materials have great potential for spintronic and piezoelectric applications.

Ferromagnetic vanadium disulfide VS2 monolayers with high Curie temperature and high spin polarization.

The structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of vanadium disulfide VS2 monolayers were investigated using first-principles calculations and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The results of molecular dynamics simulations and phonon dispersion showed that the VS2 monolayer has good dynamic and thermodynamic stabilities. Based on the results of the band structure, we also explore the effect of carrier concentrations on the spin gap, spin polarization and the direction of the easy magnetic axis. Our results demonstrated that doping an appropriate amount of holes can cause the reversal of the easy magnetic axis and maintain nearly 100% spin polarization, which greatly improves the application possibility of the VS2 monolayer as a spintronic device. The contribution of different orbits to the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effect is given in magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy, which provides a theoretical basis for explaining the origin of magnetic crystal anisotropy. Based on the MC simulations, we also showed the influences of different parameters (carrier concentrations, magnetic field and crystal field) on the magnetothermal properties of the VS2 monolayer. It is found that the increase of hole doping concentrations can promote the increase of the Curie temperature, while the increase of electron doping concentrations will greatly weaken the Curie temperature. Furthermore, according to the influences of different parameters on the Curie temperature and spin polarization, we conclude that a suitably enhanced magnetic field and appropriate hole concentrations will not only make the system maintain high spin polarization, but also make the system exhibit ferromagnetic properties above room temperature.

Progress in research on the role of clinical nutrition in treating traumatic brain injury affecting the neurovascular unit.

The neurovascular unit (NVU) is composed of neurons, glial cells, and blood vessels. NVU dysfunction involves the processes of neuroinflammation, and microcirculatory disturbances, as well as neuronal injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Traditional anti-inflammatory drugs have limited efficacy in improving the prognosis of TBI. Thus, treatments that target NVU dysfunction may provide a breakthrough. A large number of clinical studies have shown that the nutritional status of patients with TBI was closely related to their conditions and prognoses. Nutrient complexes and complementary therapies for the treatment of TBI are therefore being implemented in many preclinical studies. Importantly, the mechanism of action for this treatment may be related to repair of NVU dysfunction by ensuring adequate omega-3 fatty acids, curcumin, resveratrol, apigenin, vitamins, and minerals. These nutritional supplements hold promise for translation to clinical therapy. In addition, dietary habits also play an important role in the rehabilitation of TBI. Poor dietary habits may worsen the pathology and prognosis of TBI. Adjusting dietary habits, especially with a ketogenic diet, may improve outcomes in patients with TBI. This article discusses the impact of clinical nutrition on NVU dysfunction after TBI, focusing on nutritional complexes and dietary habits.

Recent research progress on metabolic syndrome and risk of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most widespread neurodegenerative diseases. PD is associated with progressive loss of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons, including various motor symptoms (e.g., bradykinesia, rigidity, and resting tremor), as well as non-motor symptoms (e.g., cognitive impairment, constipation, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and depression). PD involves multiple biological processes, including mitochondrial or lysosomal dysfunction, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and neuroinflammation. Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a collection of numerous connected cerebral cardiovascular conditions, is a common and growing public health problem associated with many chronic diseases worldwide. MetS components include central/abdominal obesity, systemic hypertension, diabetes, and atherogenic dyslipidemia. MetS and PD share multiple pathophysiological processes, including insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation. In recent years, MetS has been linked to an increased risk of PD, according to studies; however, the specific mechanism remains unclear. Researchers also found that some related metabolic therapies are potential therapeutic strategies to prevent and improve PD. This article reviews the epidemiological relationship between components of MetS and the risk of PD and discusses the potentially relevant mechanisms and recent progress of MetS as a risk factor for PD. Furthermore, we conclude that MetS-related therapies are beneficial for the prevention and treatment of PD.

A first-principles study on the electronic, piezoelectric, and optical properties and strain-dependent carrier mobility of Janus TiXY (X ≠ Y, X/Y = Cl, Br, I) monolayers.

Janus transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers (TMDs) have attracted wide attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties since the successful synthesis of the MoSSe monolayer. However, the related studies of Janus monolayers of transition metal halides (TMHs) with similar structures have rarely been reported. In this article, we systematically investigate the electronic properties, piezoelectric properties, optical properties, and carrier mobility of new Janus TiXY (X ≠ Y, X/Y = Cl, Br, I) monolayers using first principles calculations for the first time. These Janus TiXY monolayers are thermally, dynamically, and mechanically stable, and their energy bands near the Fermi level (EF) are almost entirely contributed by the central Ti atom. Besides, the Janus TiXY monolayers exhibit excellent in-plane and out-of-plane piezoelectric effects, especially with an in-plane piezoelectric coefficient of ∼4.58 pm V-1 for the TiBrI monolayer and an out-of-plane piezoelectric coefficient of ∼1.63 pm V-1 for the TiClI monolayer, suggesting their promising applications in piezoelectric sensors and energy storage applications. The absorption spectra of Janus TiXY monolayers are mainly distributed in the visible and infrared regions, implying that they are fantastic candidates for photoelectric and photovoltaic applications. The obtained carrier mobilities revealed that TiXY monolayers are hole-type semiconductors. Under uniaxial compressive strain, the hole mobilities of these monolayers are gradually improved, indicating that TiXY monolayers have potential applications in the field of flexible electronic devices.

Research Progress on Exosomes and MicroRNAs in the Microenvironment of Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorders.

Postoperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a disease that frequently develops in older patients during the perioperative period. It seriously affects the quality of life of the affected patients. Despite advancements in understanding PND, this disorder's mechanisms remain unclear, including pathophysiological processes such as central synaptic plasticity and function, neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, and neurotrophic support. Growing evidence suggests that microenvironmental changes are major factors for PND induction in older individuals. Exosomes are carriers for transporting different bioactive molecules between nerve cells in the microenvironment and maintaining intercellular communication and tissue homeostasis. Studies have shown that exosomes and microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in various physiological and pathological processes, including neural processes related to PND, such as neurogenesis and cell death, neuroprotection, and neurotrophy. This article reviews the effects of exosomes and miRNAs on the brain microenvironment in PND and has important implications to improve PND diagnosis, as well as to develop targeted therapy of this disorder.

Electronic and transport properties of semimetal ZrBeSi crystal: a first-principles study.

In recent years, semimetals have aroused people's research interest. Here, we systematically study phonon and electronic transport properties of the ZrBeSi with semimetal character by using the first-principles calculations together with the Boltzmann transport theory. Calculated lattice thermal conductivities of the ZrBeSi alongaandcaxes are 31.3 W (m · K)-1and 56.0 W (m · K)-1at room temperature, respectively, which are larger than the most semiconductors and semimetals. By comparing with other semimetals, we find that the larger lattice thermal conductivity of ZrBeSi is due to its smaller Grüneisen parameter, which indicates the weaker phonon scattering. Main contributions to the lattice thermal conductivities alongaandcaxis come from the acoustic branches, and conversely, the contributions of optical branches are very small. In addition, we calculate the Seebeck coefficient and the electron thermal conductivity of ZrBeSi based on the relaxation time approximation. The electronic transport properties of ZrBeSi exhibit strong anisotropy in bothaandbdirections. Calculated electronic thermal conductivities of pristine ZrBeSi alongaandcaxes are 8.8 W (m · K)-1and 9.7 W (m · K)-1at room temperature, respectively. Furthermore, we also obtain the figure of meritZTon the basis of phonon and electron transport. The obtainedZTalongcaxis reaches a maximum of 0.11 at 900 K, demonstrating that ZrBeSi has a generalZT, but it has good heat conduction ability. Our research will help to understand the transport properties of semimetals and expand the application of semimetals to heat conduction devices. At the same time, it also provides some reference for the future experimental work.

Update on the application of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: A systematic review.

Parkinson's disease (PD) has become the second largest neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, and its incidence is increasing year by year. Traditional dopamine replacement therapy and deep brain stimulation can only alleviate the clinical symptoms of patients with PD but cannot cure the disease. In recent years, stem cell therapy has been used to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Many studies have shown that stem cell transplantation has a therapeutic effect on PD. Here, we review recent studies indicating that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells also have the potential to treat PD in animal models, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. This article reviews the mechanisms through which exosomes are involved in intercellular information exchange, promote neuroprotection and freely cross the blood-brain barrier in the treatment of PD. The increase in the incidence of PD and the decline in the quality of life of patients with advanced PD have placed a heavy burden on patients, families and society. Therefore, innovative therapies for PD are urgently needed. Herein, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the effects of exosomes in PD, to provide new insights into the treatment of PD. The main purpose of this article is to explore the therapeutic potential of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells and future research directions for this degenerative disease.

Electronic and thermoelectric properties of semiconducting Bi2SSe2 and Bi2S2Se monolayers with high optical absorption.

Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) and its derivatives are often focused on as thermoelectric materials around room temperature. In this work, we theoretically predicted two new types of Bi2Te3-based two-dimensional materials Bi2SSe2 and Bi2S2Se using density functional theory (DFT) combined with Boltzmann transport theory. The thermal, dynamic, and mechanical stabilities of Bi2SSe2 and Bi2S2Se monolayers are confirmed using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations, phonon dispersion, and elastic constant calculations. The phonon transport properties, including lattice thermal conductivity, group velocity, Grüneisen parameter, converged scattering rate, and phonon lifetimes contributed by different branches, are systematically investigated. The electronic and thermoelectric properties, including carrier mobility (µ), Seebeck coefficient (S), electrical conductivity (σ), power factors, and figure of merit (zT) along the zigzag and armchair directions as a function of carrier concentration at different temperatures, are also investigated. It is found that the Bi2SSe2 and Bi2S2Se monolayers have moderate indirect band gaps (0.92 eV and 1.08 eV at the PBE level, respectively) and low lattice thermal conductivities (4.35 and 5.37 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K, respectively). The largest zT values of Bi2SSe2 and Bi2S2Se monolayers are 0.50 and 0.28 at 300 K and 1.39 and 0.93 at 700 K for p-doping types, respectively. The Bi2SSe2 and Bi2S2Se monolayers are predicted to show high optical absorption peaks at 8 × 105 cm-1 in the visible and near-UV light region, respectively. Our results indicate that both Bi2SSe2 and Bi2S2Se could be promising candidates in energy conversion, solar cells, and optoelectronic devices.

An Efficient Dopant for Introducing Magnetism into Topological Insulator Bi2Se3.

In this work, we obtained an effective way to introduce magnetism into topological insulators, and successfully fabricated single crystal C-Bi2Se3. The structural, electrical and magnetic properties of non-magnetic element X (B, C and N) doped at Bi, Se1, Se2 and VDW gap sites of Bi2Se3 were studied by the first principles. It is shown that the impurity bands formed inside the bulk inverted energy gap near the Fermi level with C doping Bi2Se3. Due to spin-polarized ferromagnetic coupling, the time inversion symmetry of Bi2Se3 is destroyed. Remarkably, C is the most effective dopant because of the magnetic moment produced by doping at all positions. The experiment confirmed that the remnant ferromagnetism Mr is related to the C concentration. Theoretical calculations and experiments confirmed that carbon-doped Bi2Se3 is ferromagnetic, which provides a plan for manipulating topological properties and exploring spintronic applications.

Metabolic disorders on cognitive dysfunction after traumatic brain injury.

Cognitive dysfunction is a common adverse consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI). After brain injury, the brain and other organs trigger a series of complex metabolic changes, including reduced glucose metabolism, enhanced lipid peroxidation, disordered neurotransmitter secretion, and imbalanced trace element synthesis. In recent years, several research and clinical studies have demonstrated that brain metabolism directly or indirectly affects cognitive dysfunction after TBI, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Drugs that improve the symptoms of cognitive dysfunction caused by TBI are under investigation and treatments that target metabolic processes are expected to improve cognitive function in the future. This review explores the impact of metabolic disorders on cognitive dysfunction after TBI and provides new strategies for the treatment of metabolic disorders.