Leonurus japonicus Houtt. modulates neuronal apoptosis in intracerebral hemorrhage: Insights from network pharmacology and molecular docking.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Leonurus japonicus Houtt. (Labiatae), commonly known as Chinese motherwort, is a herbaceous flowering plant that is native to Asia. It is widely acknowledged in traditional medicine for its diuretic, hypoglycemic, antiepileptic properties and neuroprotection. Currently, Leonurus japonicus (Leo) is included in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) recognizes Leo for its myriad pharmacological attributes, but its efficacy against ICH-induced neuronal apoptosis is unclear. AIMS OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to identify the potential targets and regulatory mechanisms of Leo in alleviating neuronal apoptosis after ICH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study employed network pharmacology, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technique, molecular docking, pharmacodynamic studies, western blotting, and immunofluorescence techniques to explore its potential mechanisms. RESULTS: Leo was found to assist hematoma absorption, thus improving the neurological outlook in an ICH mouse model. Importantly, molecular docking highlighted JAK as Leo's potential therapeutic target in ICH scenarios. Further experimental evidence demonstrated that Leo adjusts JAK1 and STAT1 phosphorylation, curbing Bax while augmenting Bcl-2 expression. CONCLUSION: Leo showcases potential in mitigating neuronal apoptosis post-ICH, predominantly via the JAK/STAT mechanism.

Electroacupuncture regulates histone acetylation of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 genes to improve ischemic stroke injury.

Background: Imbalances between Bcl-2 and caspase-3 are significant evidence of apoptosis, which is considered an influential factor in rapidly occurring neuronal cell death and the decline of neurological function after stroke. Studies have shown that acupuncture can reduce poststroke brain cell damage via either an increase in Bcl-2 or a reduction in caspase-3 exposure. The current study aimed to investigate whether acupuncture could modulate Bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression through histone acetylation modifications, which could potentially serve as a neuroprotective mechanism. Methods: This study used TTC staining, Nissl staining, Clark neurological system score, and Evans Blue (EB) extravasation to evaluate neurological damage following stroke. The expression of Bcl-2/caspase-3 mRNA was detected by real-time fluorescence quantification of PCR (real-time PCR), whereas the protein expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-3 were assessed using western blotting. TUNEL staining of the ischemic cortical neurons determined apoptosis in the ischemic cortex. Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activities, along with the protein performance of AceH3, H3K9ace, and H3K27ace, were detected to evaluate the degree of histone acetylation. The acetylation enrichment levels of H3K9 and K3K27 in the Bcl-2/caspase-3 gene were assessed using Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Results: Our data demonstrated that electroacupuncture (EA) exerts a significant neuroprotective effect in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats, as evidenced by a reduction in infarct volume, neuronal damage, Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) disruption, and decreased apoptosis of ischemic cortical neurons. EA treatment can promote the mRNA and protein expression of the Bcl-2 gene in the ischemic brain while reducing the mRNA and protein expression levels of caspase-3 and effectively decreasing the protein expression levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3. More importantly, EA treatment enhanced the level of histone acetylation, including Ace-H3, H3K9ace, and H3K27ace, significantly enhanced the occupancy of H3K9ace/H3K27ace at the Bcl-2 promoter, and reduced the enrichment of H3K9ace and H3K27ace at the caspase-3 promoter. However, the Histone Acetyltransferase inhibitor (HATi) treatment reversed these effects. Conclusions: Our data demonstrated that EA mediated the expression levels of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 in MCAO rats by regulating the occupancy of acetylated H3K9/H3K27 at the promoters of these two genes, thus exerting a cerebral protective effect in ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury.

A sulfur-modified pore-blocking method to enhance the electrocatalytic stability of carbon-supported platinum nanoparticles.

Currently, the durability of electrode materials remains a big obstacle to the widespread adoption of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Herein thiourea and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDS) were employed as sulfur source and carbon source to modify the pristine carbon black (Ketjen black EC300 J). A highly durable carbon supported Pt nanosized catalyst with higher platinum utilization for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in PEMFCs was produced by doping elemental sulfur into carbon supports and decreasing the carbon pore sizes and volume through a successive impregnation technique. The catalyst exhibits an initial activity of 0.167 A mgPt -1 at 0.90 V and demonstrates minimal activity loss after acceleration stress test (30,000 cycles of AST). The half-wave potential loss for representative sample (Pt/S-C-3) is only 14 mV with only 21.8 % ECSA decrease, 27.5 % MA loss and 5.9 % SA loss. A sintering test at various temperature shows a minor average size increase for sulfur-doped carbon (S-C) supported one (from 2.09 to 2.52 nm). In single-cell test, the MEA sample employing the platinum catalyst on modified carbon as cathode exhibited almost negligible performance loss after 30,000 cycles of AST.

The role of stromal cells in epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity and its therapeutic potential.

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical tumor invasion and metastasis process. EMT enables tumor cells to migrate, detach from their original location, enter the circulation, circulate within it, and eventually exit from blood arteries to colonize in foreign sites, leading to the development of overt metastases, ultimately resulting in death. EMT is intimately tied to stromal cells around the tumor and is controlled by a range of cytokines secreted by stromal cells. This review summarizes recent research on stromal cell-mediated EMT in tumor invasion and metastasis. We also discuss the effects of various stromal cells on EMT induction and focus on the molecular mechanisms by which several significant stromal cells convert from foes to friends of cancer cells to fuel EMT processes via their secretions in the tumor microenvironment (TME). As a result, a better knowledge of the role of stromal cells in cancer cells' EMT may pave the path to cancer eradication.

Quantification of the effect of biochar application on heavy metals in paddy systems: Impact, mechanisms and future prospects.

Biochar (BC) has shown great potential in remediating heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) contamination in paddy fields. Variation in feedstock sources, pyrolysis temperatures, modification methods, and application rates of BC can result in great changes in its effects on HM bioavailability and bioaccumulation in soil-rice systems and remediation mechanisms. Meanwhile, there is a lack of application guidelines for BC with specific properties and application rates when targeting rice fields contaminated with certain HMs. To elucidate this topic, this review focuses on i) the effects of feedstock type, pyrolysis temperature, and modification method on the properties of BC; ii) the changes in bioavailability and bioaccumulation of HMs in soil-rice systems applying BC with different feedstocks, pyrolysis temperatures, modification methods, and application rates; and iii) exploration of potential remediation mechanisms for applying BC to reduce the mobility and bioaccumulation of HMs in rice field systems. In general, the application of Fe/Mn modified organic waste (OW) derived BC for mid-temperature pyrolysis is still a well-optimized choice for the remediation of HM contamination in rice fields. From the viewpoint of remediation efficiency, the application rate of BC should be appropriately increased to immobilize Cd, Pb, and Cu in rice paddies, while the application rate of BC for immobilizing As should be <2.0 % (w/w). The mechanism of remediation of HM-contaminated rice fields by applying BC is mainly the direct adsorption of HMs by BC in soil pore water and the mediation of soil microenvironmental changes. In addition, the application of Fe/Mn modified BC induced the formation of iron plaque (IP) on the root surface of rice, which reduced the uptake of HM by the plant. Finally, this paper describes the prospects and challenges for the extension of various BCs for the remediation of HM contamination in paddy fields and makes some suggestions for future development.

MDM2-p53 mediate a miR-181c-3p/LIF axis to regulate low dose-rate radiation-induced DNA damage in human B lymphocytes.

PURPOSE: Prolonged exposure to low dose-rate radiation (LDRR) is of growing concern to public health. Recent evidences indicates that LDRR causes deleterious health effects and is closely related to miRNAs. The aim of our study is to investigate the relationship between miRNAs and DNA damage caused by LDRR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we irradiated C57BL/6J mice with 12.5µGy/h dose of γ ray emitted from uranium ore for 8 h a day for 120 days at a total dose of 12 mGy, and identified differentially expressed miRNAs from the mice long-term exposed to LDRR through isolating serum RNAs, constructing small RNA library, Illumina sequencing. To further investigate the role of differential miRNA under LDRR，we first built DNA damage model in Immortal B cells irradiated with 12.5µGy/h dose of γ ray for 28 days at a total dose of 9.4 mGy. Then, we chose the highly conserved miR-181c-3p among 12 miRNA and its mechanism in alleviating DNA damage induced by LDRR was studied by transfection, quantitative PCR, luciferase assay, and Western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We have found that 12 differentially expressed miRNAs including miR-181c-3p in serum isolated from irradiated mice. Analysis of GO and KEGG indicated that target genes of theses 12 miRNA enriched in pathways related to membrane, protein binding and cancer. Long-term exposure to LDRR induced upregulation of gamma-H2A histone family member X (γ-H2AX) expression, a classical biomarker for DNA damage in B cells. miR-181c-3p inhibited Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) expression via combining its 3'UTR. LIF, MDM2, p53, and p-p53-s6 were upregulated after exposure to LDRR. In irradiated B cells, Transfection of miR-181c-3p reduced γ-H2AX expression and suppressed LIF and MDM2 protein levels, whereas p-p53-s6 expression was increased. As expected, the effect of LIF inhibition on irradiated B cells was similar to miR-181c-3p overexpression. Our results suggest that LDRR alters miRNA expression and induces DNA damage. Furthermore, miR-181c-3p can alleviate LDRR-induced DNA damage via the LIF/MDM2/p-p53-s6 pathway in human B lymphocytes. This could provide the basis for prevention and treatment of LDRR injury.

Cross-sensitivity analysis of land use transition and ecological service values in rare earth mining areas in southern China.

Exploring the cross-sensitivity between land use transformation and ecological service values in rare earth mining areas is of great significance for the development of ecological protection and restoration in rare earth mining areas. To study the impact of land use changes on ecosystem service functions in rare earth mining areas, firstly, the land use change trends in the study area from 2009 to 2019 were analyzed using the land transfer matrix; then the distribution of ecosystem service values and the flow direction of ecosystem service values in the study area were measured based on the ecosystem service value equivalents; a spatial autocorrelation analysis was done on the ecosystem service values to explore their spatial distribution patterns; and finally, the cross-sensitivity coefficient was used to quantitatively assess the extent and direction of the impact of land use change on ecosystem service values. The results show that the land use types in the study area are mainly forest land and farmland, with woodland accounting for the highest proportion of the study area. The ESV changes in the study area are consistent with the trend of land use transformation, with the overall increase and decrease being comparable, and the decrease in ESV is mainly concentrated in the areas with a large increase in mining land and construction land; during the study period, the study area was significantly reduced with low-low cluster areas and the ecological environment was improved; from 2009 to 2014, the ecological sensitivity coefficient is more variable, and is more sensitive to the net conversion between water and desert, from 2014 to 2019, the ecological sensitivity coefficient is less variable, and the most sensitive is the net conversion between cultivated land and water. The study area should be reasonably developed for rare earth resources and the ecological environment around the mining area should be reasonably protected to build an ecological security pattern.

Multi-feature fusion learning for Alzheimer's disease prediction using EEG signals in resting state.

Introduction: Diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD) lesions via visual examination of Electroencephalography (EEG) signals poses a considerable challenge. This has prompted the exploration of deep learning techniques, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Visual Transformers (ViTs), for AD prediction. However, the classification performance of CNN-based methods has often been deemed inadequate. This is primarily attributed to CNNs struggling with extracting meaningful lesion signals from the complex and noisy EEG data. Methods: In contrast, ViTs have demonstrated proficiency in capturing global signal patterns. In light of these observations, we propose a novel approach to enhance AD risk assessment. Our proposition involves a hybrid architecture, merging the strengths of CNNs and ViTs to compensate for their respective feature extraction limitations. Our proposed Dual-Branch Feature Fusion Network (DBN) leverages both CNN and ViT components to acquire texture features and global semantic information from EEG signals. These elements are pivotal in capturing dynamic electrical signal changes in the cerebral cortex. Additionally, we introduce Spatial Attention (SA) and Channel Attention (CA) blocks within the network architecture. These attention mechanisms bolster the model's capacity to discern abnormal EEG signal patterns from the amalgamated features. To make well-informed predictions, we employ a two-factor decision-making mechanism. Specifically, we conduct correlation analysis on predicted EEG signals from the same subject to establish consistency. Results: This is then combined with results from the Clinical Neuropsychological Scale (MMSE) assessment to comprehensively evaluate the subject's susceptibility to AD. Our experimental validation on the publicly available OpenNeuro database underscores the efficacy of our approach. Notably, our proposed method attains an impressive 80.23% classification accuracy in distinguishing between AD, Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Normal Control (NC) subjects. Discussion: This outcome outperforms prevailing state-of-the-art methodologies in EEG-based AD prediction. Furthermore, our methodology enables the visualization of salient regions within pathological images, providing invaluable insights for interpreting and analyzing AD predictions.

A novel non-linear approach for establishing a QSAR model of a class of 2-Phenyl-3-(pyridin-2-yl) thiazolidin-4-one derivatives.

In this investigation, we aimed to address the pressing challenge of treating osteosarcoma, a prevalent and difficult-to-treat form of cancer. To achieve this, we developed a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model focused on a specific class of compounds called 2-Phenyl-3-(pyridin-2-yl) thiazolidin-4-one derivatives. A set of 39 compounds was thoroughly examined, with 31 compounds assigned to the training set and 8 compounds allocated to the test set randomly. The goal was to predict the IC50 value of these compounds accurately. To optimize the compounds and construct predictive models, we employed a heuristic method of the CODESSA program. In addition to a linear model using four carefully selected descriptors, we also developed a nonlinear model using the gene expression programming method. The heuristic method resulted in correlation coefficients (R 2) of 0.603, 0.482, and 0.107 for R2 cv and S2, respectively. On the other hand, the gene expression programming method achieved higher R 2 and S2 values of 0.839 and 0.037 in the training set, and 0.760 and 0.157 in the test set, respectively. Both methods demonstrated excellent predictive performance, but the gene expression programming method exhibited greater consistency with experimental values. The successful nonlinear model generated through gene expression programming shows promising potential for designing targeted drugs to combat osteosarcoma effectively. This approach offers a valuable tool for optimizing compound selection and guiding future drug discovery efforts in the battle against osteosarcoma.

EAMNet: an Alzheimer's disease prediction model based on representation learning.

Objective. Brain18F-FDG PET images indicate brain lesions' metabolic status and offer the predictive potential for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the complexity of extracting relevant lesion features and dealing with extraneous information in PET images poses challenges for accurate prediction.Approach. To address these issues, we propose an innovative solution called the efficient adaptive multiscale network (EAMNet) for predicting potential patient populations using positron emission tomography (PET) image slices, enabling effective intervention and treatment. Firstly, we introduce an efficient convolutional strategy to enhance the receptive field of PET images during the feature learning process, avoiding excessive extraction of fine tissue features by deep-level networks while reducing the model's computational complexity. Secondly, we construct a channel attention module that enables the prediction model to adaptively allocate weights between different channels, compensating for the spatial noise in PET images' impact on classification. Finally, we use skip connections to merge features from different-scale lesion information. Through visual analysis, the network constructed in this article aligns with the regions of interest of clinical doctors.Main results. Through visualization analysis, our network aligns with regions of interest identified by clinical doctors. Experimental evaluations conducted on the ADNI (Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative) dataset demonstrate the outstanding classification performance of our proposed method. The accuracy rates for AD versus NC (Normal Controls), AD versus MCI (Mild Cognitive Impairment), MCI versus NC, and AD versus MCI versus NC classifications achieve 97.66%, 96.32%, 95.23%, and 95.68%, respectively.Significance. The proposed method surpasses advanced algorithms in the field, providing a hopeful advancement in accurately predicting and classifying Alzheimer's Disease using18F-FDG PET images. The source code has been uploaded tohttps://github.com/Haoliang-D-AHU/EAMNet/tree/master.

Catalytic polymerization of bisphenol A using a horseradish peroxidase immobilized microporous membrane reactor.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most widely used chemical products, which is discharged into rivers and oceans, posing great hazards to organisms such as reproductive toxicity, hormone imbalance and cardiopathy induction. With the expansion harm of BPA, people have paid more attention to the environmental effects. In this paper, the degradation of BPA from the synthetic wastewater using the immobilization of horseradish peroxidase membrane reactor (HPR) was investigated. The immobilized HRP microporous membrane was prepared by the porous calcium alginate method. In addition, the reuse of the immobilized HPR membrane and the measurement of membrane flux showed that the membrane has good activity and stability. Finally, the experimental parameters including reaction time, pH, the concentration of BPA and the dosage of H2O2 were optimized to remove the BPA, and about 78% degradation efficiency of BPA was achieved at the optimal condition as follows: H2O2 to BPA molar ratio of 1.50 with an initial BPA concentration of 0.1 mol/L, the HPR dosage of 3.84 u/mL, the initial solution pH of 7.0, a temperature of 20 °C and a contact time of 10 min.

The anesthetic efficacy of ultrasound-guided lumbar plexus combined with quadratus lumborum block with Shamrock approach in total hip arthroplasty: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: The lumbar plexus originates from multiple segments of the spinal cord. Both single-level lumbar plexus block (LPB) and transmuscular quadratus lumborum block (TQLB) are commonly used to provide analgesia for the patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, neither of them can completely cover the lumbar plexus. Multiple-level LPB is also not recommended since this expert technique involves more potential risks. To achieve a better anesthetic effect and avoid risks, we propose to combine ultrasound-guided LPB with TQLB with Shamrock approach. We aim to assess the anesthetic efficacy of this combination technique and expect it will be an ideal alternative for conventional LPBs in THA. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: In this prospective randomized controlled trial, 84 patients schedule for THA will be enrolled. The patients will be randomly assigned at a 1:1:1 ratio to receive LPB at L3 level (P group), T12 paravertebral block combined with LPB at L3 and L4 levels (TP group), or LPB combined with TQLB at L3 level (PQ group). Each method will be evaluated in terms of the successful rate of sensory blockade, postoperative pain, performance time of block, requirement for intraoperative sufentanil, cumulative doses of intraoperative vasoactive medications, and adverse events. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study protocol has been approved by the institutional review board (IRB) at Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China (No.2020-031). The results will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and the ClinicalTrials.gov registry. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04266236 . Registered on 10 February 2020. CLINICALTRIALS: gov PRS: Record Summary NCT04266236 .

[Pulmonary Mucinous Adenocarcinoma Combined with Bronchial Squamous Cell 
Papilloma and Infection with Tropheryma Whipplei: A Case Report].

Simultaneous multiple primary tumors on the same side of the lung with Tropheryma whipplei (TW) infection are rare. We reviewed the clinical data, imaging manifestations, pathological results, diagnosis and treatment of a primary pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma (PPMA) patient with bronchial squamous cell papilloma (BSCP) and TW infection, and discussed our treatment experience. The patient mainly presented with chronic cough and sputum, and computed tomography (CT) showed inflammatory changes with multiple nodular shadows. Biopsy of the lower lobe of the right lung showed PPMA, and right lung sub-branchial nodules discovered during bronchoscope revealed BSCP. Metagenomics next generation sequencing (mNGS) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed mixed infection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and TW with a poor anti-infective effect. No clear genetic mutation was detected, and the patient was treated with chemotherapy and regularly followed up. We should improve the awareness of multiple pulmonary pathologies during clinical practice, avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis, and carry out comprehensive treatment after clarifying the diagnosis as soon as possible.
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Methylated SEPT9 combined with AFP and PIVKA-II is effective for the detection of HCC in high-risk population.

BACKGROUND: The methylation SEPT9 (mSEPT9) appeared to be effective for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) detection. However, its performance in high-risk population has not been validated. We designed a pilot study and aimed to investigate the performance of mSEPT9, AFP, PIVKA-II and their combination in hepatic cirrhosis (HC) population. METHODS: A training cohort was established including 103 HCC and 114 HC patients. 10 ml blood was collected from each patient with K2EDTA tubes, and 3-4 ml plasma was extracted for subsequent tests. The performance of mSEPT9, AFP, PIVKA-II and their combination was optimized by the training cohort. Test performance was prospectively validated with a validation cohort, including 51 HCC and 121 HC patients. RESULTS: At the optimal thresholds in the training cohort, the sensitivity, specificity and area under curve (AUC) was 72.82%, 89.47%, 0.84, and 48.57%, 89.92%, 0.79, and 63.64%, 95.95%, 0.79 for mSEPT9, AFP and PIVKA-II, respectively. The combined test significantly increased the sensitivity to 84.47% (P < 0.05) at the specificity of 86.84% with an AUC of 0.91. Stage-dependent performance was observed with all single markers and their combination in plasma marker levels, positive detection rate (PDR) and AUC. Moderate correlation was found between mSEPT9 and AFP plasma levels (r = 0.527, P < 0.0001). Good complementarity was found between any two of the three markers, providing optimal sensitivity in HCC detection when used in combination. Subsequent validation achieved a sensitivity, specificity and AUC of 65.31%, 92.86%, 0.80, and 44.24%, 89.26%, 0.75, and 62.22%, 95.27%, 0.78 for mSEPT9, AFP and PIVKA-II, respectively. The combined test yielded a significantly increased sensitivity of 84.00% (P < 0.05) at 85.57% specificity, with an AUC at 0.89. CONCLUSIONS: The performance was optimal by the combination of mSEPT9, AFP, PIVKA-II compared with any single marker, and the combination may be effective for HCC opportunistic screening in HC population.

Exploring the mechanism of Cd uptake and translocation in rice: Future perspectives of rice safety.

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in rice fields has been recognized as a severe global agro-environmental issue. To reach the goal of controlling Cd risk, we must pay more attention and obtain an in-depth understanding of the environmental behavior, uptake and translocation of Cd in soil-rice systems. However, to date, these aspects still lack sufficient exploration and summary. Here, we critically reviewed (i) the processes and transfer proteins of Cd uptake/transport in the soil-rice system, (ii) a series of soil and other environmental factors affecting the bioavailability of Cd in paddies, and (iii) the latest advances in regard to remediation strategies while producing rice. We propose that the correlation between the bioavailability of Cd and environmental factors must be further explored to develop low Cd accumulation and efficient remediation strategies in the future. Second, the mechanism of Cd uptake in rice mediated by elevated CO2 also needs to be given more attention. Meanwhile, more scientific planting methods (direct seeding and intercropping) and suitable rice with low Cd accumulation are important measures to ensure the safety of rice consumption. In addition, the relevant Cd efflux transporters in rice have yet to be revealed, which will promote molecular breeding techniques to address the current Cd-contaminated soil-rice system. The potential for efficient, durable, and low-cost soil remediation technologies and foliar amendments to limit Cd uptake by rice needs to be examined in the future. Conventional breeding procedures combined with molecular marker techniques for screening rice varieties with low Cd accumulation could be a more practical approach to select for desirable agronomic traits with low risk.

Risk factors for advanced colorectal neoplasm in young adults: a meta-analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate the risk factors for young-onset advanced colorectal neoplasia. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of 30 potential exposure risk factors from 28 original studies. Results: Several risk factors showed statistical significance, including male sex (odds ratio [OR]: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.12-1.47), metabolic syndrome (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.25-1.44), hypertension (OR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.17-1.28), diabetes (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.15-1.32), inflammatory bowel disease (OR: 4.62; 95% CI: 1.12-17.54), obesity (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.06-1.43), sedentary behavior (OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.06-1.48), smoking (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.05-1.36), high alcohol consumption (OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.10-1.71), high intake of sugar (OR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.61-4.13) and red meat (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.04-1.16) and family history of colorectal cancer (OR: 3.14; 95% CI: 1.29-7.64). Conclusion: Our study identified potential risk factors for young-onset advanced colorectal neoplasms to help develop targeted primary prevention strategies.

Synergetic argentophilic and through space electronic interactions in a single-crystal-to-single-crystal photocycloaddition reaction: a mechanistic study.

Ag(I) is able to mediate single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation through [2+2] photocycloaddition to prepare high-conductivity materials. However, the intrinsic mechanism of Ag(I) mediation, the detailed photophysical and photochemical processes as well as the origin of the enhanced conductivity of nanocrystals are still unclear. In this work, the comprehensive kinetic scheme and regulation mechanism are established by the accurate QM/MM calculations at the CASPT2//CASSCF/AMBER level of theory with consideration of the crystal environment. We find that the argentophilic interaction and through space electronic interaction are the key factors that promote Ag(I)-mediated [2+2] PCA reactions and may account for the enhancement of conductivity. These mechanistic insights into the Ag(I)-regulated photo-dimerization in the crystal surrounding are beneficial for the design of the structurally and electrically favorable skeletons of a metal-organic coordination polymer.

Bibliometric analysis of global research on physical activity and sedentary behavior in the context of cancer.

Objective: Numerous studies focusing on sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) in the context of cancer have been reported in recent years. We analyzed and visualized studies on SB and PA in patients with cancer over the last 20 years using scientometric methods, to provide insights on gaps and deficiencies in the literature, and to inform future research guidelines. Methods: All relevant studies in the field from 2001 to October 2022 were reviewed using bibliometric tools, including VOSviewer, Bibliometric online analysis platform, and biblioshiny, to determine the most influential countries, institutions, journals, and authors. We explored current research hotpots and potential research trends, based on keyword clustering and dynamic changes. Our research focuses on PA, SB, and cancer across the entire cancer continuum, from primary prevention to treatment to cancer survivorship. Results: Scientometric analysis identified 4,382 relevant manuscripts on SB and PA in the context of cancer, with a 10-fold increase in articles over the past 20 years. The United States, Canada, and Australia were the most influential countries. The journal, Supportive Care in Cancer, had the highest number of publications, while Clinical Oncology had the highest H-index. K.S. Courneya was the most influential author in this field, with the highest number of publications, total citations, and H-index. Keyword analysis revealed that current research is focused on PA and SB in patients with breast cancer, quality of life, and aerobic exercise. Future frontiers include cancer prehabilitation programs and cardiorespiratory fitness, and remote intervention and social support. Conclusion: By using bibliometrics, we conducted a comprehensive review of SB and PA in cancer-related studies. The current research focused on exercise and sedentariness in breast cancer patients and the role of PA in improving quality of life in survivorship. Emerging research foci were generally around cancer prehabilitation programs and remote intervention issues for PA. In addition, some publication deficits are noted: studies of PA and SB in less common cancers; the recommended doses and intensities of exercise for cancer; the timing of interventions for prehabilitation and the establishment of individualized exercise protocols. These deficiencies align with the needs for future research topics.