Novosphingobium arvoryzae sp. nov., isolated from a flooded rice field.

A bacterial strain, designated Jyi-02T, was isolated from a flooded rice field in Taiwan and characterized using the polyphasic taxonomy approach. Cells of strain Jyi-02T were aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile and formed yellowish orange coloured colonies. Growth occurred at 10-40 °C (optimum, 20 °C) and pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-1.0 % NaCl (optimum, 0 %, w/v). The major fatty acids (>10 %) of strain Jyi-02T were C18 : 1ω7c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and C14 : 0 2-OH. The polar lipid profile consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, sphingoglycolipid, an uncharacterized phospholipid and an uncharacterized lipid. The major polyamine was spermidine. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-10. The DNA G+C content was 64.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Jyi-02T belonged to the genus Novosphingobium and had closest phylogenetic similarity to Novosphingobium soli CC-TPE-1T (97.8 %). The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain Jyi-02T with respect to valid published species of the genus Novosphingobium was less than 35 %. Phenotypic characteristics of the novel strain also differed from those of the closest related species of the genus Novosphingobium. On the basis of the genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain Jyi-02T represents a novel species in the genus Novosphingobium, for which the name Novosphingobium arvoryzae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Jyi-02T (=BCRC 80537T=KCTC 32422T).

Novosphingobium ipomoeae sp. nov., isolated from a water convolvulus field.

A bacterial strain designated Tese-5T was isolated from a water convolvulus field in Taiwan and characterized using the polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain Tese-5T was an aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium and formed bright yellow coloured colonies. Strain Tese-5T grew at 15-35 °C (optimum, 30 °C), with 0-1.0 % NaCl (optimum, 0-0.5 %) and at pH 5.5-7 (optimum, pH 6). The major fatty acids (>10 %) of strain Tese-5T were C18 : 1ω7c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and C16 : 0. The polar lipid profile comprised phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine and sphingoglycolipid. The major polyamine was spermidine. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-10. The DNA G+C content was 65.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Tese-5T belonged to the genus Novosphingobium and showed the highest levels of sequence similarity to Novosphingobium chloroacetimidivorans BUT-14T and Novosphingobium mathurense SM117T (96.3 %). Phenotypic characteristics of the novel strain also differed from those of the closest-related species of the genus Novosphingobium. On the basis of the genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain Tese-5T represents a novel species in the genus Novosphingobium, for which the name Novosphingobium ipomoeaesp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Tese-5T (=BCRC 80904T=LMG 28838T=KCTC 42656T).

Uliginosibacterium paludis sp. nov., isolated from a marsh.

A novel bacterial strain, designated KBP-13T, was isolated from a water sample taken from the Banping Lake Wetland Park in Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells of strain KBP-13T were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate-accumulating, motile rods that formed light yellow colonies. Growth occurred at 15-40 °C (optimum, 30-40 °C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 6.0) and with 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KBP-13T belonged to the genus Uliginosibacterium within the family Rhodocyclaceae of the class Betaproteobacteria and its most closely related neighbour was Uliginosibacterium gangwonense 5YN10-9T with sequence similarity of 96.0 %. Strain KBP-13T contained summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0 and C14 : 0 as predominant fatty acids. The major respiratory quinone was Q-8. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 65.1 mol%. The polar lipid profile consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one uncharacterized aminophospholipid, one uncharacterized aminolipid, two uncharacterized phospholipids and three uncharacterized glycolipids. On the basis of the genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain KBP-13T represents a novel species in the genus Uliginosibacterium, for which the name Uliginosibacterium paludis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KBP-13T (=BCRC 80903T=LMG 28837T=KCTC 42655T).

Rhizobium ipomoeae sp. nov., isolated from a water convolvulus field.

A bacterial strain, designated shin9-1T, was isolated from a water sample taken from a water convolvulus field in Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomical approach. Cells of strain shin9-1T were aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped and surrounded by a thick capsule and formed cream-coloured colonies. Growth occurred at 10-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C), with 0-3.0% NaCl (optimum, 0.5%) and at pH 7.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). Strain shin9-1T did not form nodules on a legume plant, Macroptilium atropurpureum, and the nodulation genes nodA, nodC and the nitrogenase reductase gene nifH were not detected by PCR. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and three housekeeping gene sequences (recA, atpD and rpoB) showed that strain shin9-1T belonged to the genus Rhizobium. Strain shin9-1T had the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to Rhizobium daejeonense L61T (97.6 %). The major fatty acid of strain shin9-1T was C18:1ω7c. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and several uncharacterized lipids. The DNA G+C content was 58.3 mol%. The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain shin9-1T with respect to recognized species of the genus Rhizobium was less than 70%. Phenotypic characteristics of the novel strain also differed from those of the most closely related species of the genus Rhizobium. On the basis of the phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain shin9-1T should be classified as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Rhizobium ipomoeae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is shin9-1T (=LMG 27163T=KCTC 32148T).

Novosphingobium piscinae sp. nov., isolated from a fish culture pond.

A bacterial strain designated SLH-16T was isolated from a fish culture pond in Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells of strain SLH-16T were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile rods that were covered by large capsules and formed yellow colonies. Growth occurred at 20-40 °C (optimum, 37-40 °C), at pH 4.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 5.0-6.0) and with 0-0.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SLH-16T belonged to the genus Novosphingobium and was related most closely to Novosphingobium taihuense T3-B9T with sequence similarity of 97.3 %. The major fatty acids (>10 %) of strain SLH-16T were C18 : 1ω7c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and C16 : 0. The major 2-hydroxy fatty acid was C14 : 0 2-OH. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylcholine and several uncharacterized lipids. The major polyamine was spermidine. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-10. The DNA G+C content was 65.2 mol%. The DNA-DNA hybridization value for strain SLH-16T and the type strain of N. taihuense was less than 43.2 %. Phenotypic characteristics of the novel strain also differed from those of the closest related species of the genus Novosphingobium. On the basis of the genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain SLH-16T represents a novel species in the genus Novosphingobium, for which the name Novosphingobium piscinae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SLH-16T ( = BCRC 80888T = LMG 28418T = KCTC 42194T).

Hymenobacter paludis sp. nov., isolated from a marsh.

A bacterial strain, designated KBP-30T, was isolated from a water sample taken from the Banping Lake Wetland Park in Taiwan and characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain KBP-30T were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile by gliding rods that were covered by large capsules and formed red colonies. Growth occurred at 10-37 °C (optimum 20 °C), at pH 6-8 (optimum pH 6) and with 0-1 % NaCl (optimum 0 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KBP-30T belonged to the genus Hymenobacter and was most closely related to Hymenobacter ocellatus Myx 2105T with a sequence similarity of 97.7 %; 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were less than 95.1 % with other members of the genus. Strain KBP-30T contained iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B), anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) as the predominant fatty acids. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified glycolipid and eight unidentified lipids. The major polyamine was homospermidine. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 60.3 mol%. The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain KBP-30T with respect to Hymenobacter ocellatus Myx 2105T was less than 42 %. On the basis of the phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain KBP-30T represents a novel species of the genus Hymenobacter, for which the name Hymenobacter paludis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KBP-30T ( = LMG 27293T = KCTC 32237T).

Ideonella paludis sp. nov., isolated from a marsh.

A bacterial strain, designated KBP-31T, was isolated from a water sample taken from the Banping Lake Wetland Park in Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells of strain KBP-31T were Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, motile, light-yellow rods. Growth occurred at 10-37 °C (optimum 25 °C), at pH 6-8 (optimum pH 6) and with 0-1 % NaCl (w/v, optimum 0 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KBP-31T belonged to the genus Ideonella and was most closely related to Ideonella dechloratans ATCC 51718T with a sequence similarity of 98.2 %. Strain KBP-31T contained summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and C16 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids. The major hydroxyl fatty acid was C10 : 0 3-OH. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an uncharacterized aminophospholipid and two uncharacterized phospholipids. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.9 mol%. The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain KBP-31T with respect to recognized species of the genus Ideonella was less than 70 %. On the basis of the phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain KBP-31T should be classified as a novel species, for which the name Ideonella paludis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KBP-31T ( = BCRC 80524T = KCTC 32238T).

A Resultant Stress Effect of Contact Etching Stop Layer and Geometrical Designs of Poly Gate on Nanoscaled nMOSFETs with a Si1-xGe(x) Channel.

In this research, an n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (nMOSFET) device with a SiGe channel exerted by the combination of a contact etching stop layer (CESL) and silicon germanium (Si1-xGe(x)) channel stressors is proposed. To explore the foregoing mechanical effect on the stress distribution of nMOSFETs within the channel region, a process-oriented simulated technique is adopted for the concerned nMOSFET device. The loading sources are a 1.1 GPa tensile CESL (t-CESL) and a SiGe channel structure constructed with 0%, 22.5%, and 25%, germanium (Ge) mole fractions. The results of the simulation show that the stress components of the Si1-xGe(x) channel evidently increase when the Ge mole fraction within a Si1-xGe(x) layer is increased. A pulling force exerted on the protruding gate structure by the CESL layer that causes dominant bending deformation and channel stress variation behaviors is a major reason for this phenomenon. Therefore, the degree of bending effect caused by the protruding gate structure is concluded as being the key to determining the trends and stress magnitudes of the Si1-xGe(x) device channel.

Paludibacterium paludis sp. nov., isolated from a marsh.

A bacterial strain, designated KBP-21(T), was isolated from a water sample taken from the Banping Lake Wetland Park in Taiwan and characterized in a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain KBP-21(T) were Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate-accumulating, motile rods that formed yellow colonies. Growth occurred at 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 8.0) and with 0-2% NaCl (optimum, 0%). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KBP-21(T) belonged to the genus Paludibacterium within the family Neisseriaceae of the class Betaproteobacteria and the closest related neighbour was Paludibacterium yongneupense 5YN8-15(T) with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value of 96.4%. Strain KBP-21(T) contained summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7c as the predominant fatty acids. The major respiratory quinone was Q-8. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 62.1 mol%. The polar lipid profile consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one uncharacterized aminophospholipid and several uncharacterized phospholipids. On the basis of the genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain KBP-21(T) represents a novel species in the genus Paludibacterium, for which the name Paludibacterium paludis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KBP-21(T) ( = BCRC 80514(T)  = LMG 27230(T)  = KCTC 32182(T)).