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OBJECTIVE: This study investigated clinical characteristics, burden of uncontrolled seizures, and seizure-related healthcare resource utilization (HRU) among individuals living with drug-resistant focal epilepsy (FE) in the United States (US). METHODS: Medical charts of adults with drug-resistant FE who initiated third-line (3L) anti-seizure medication were extracted from clinical practices in the US (1/1/2013-1/31/2020). The index date, defined as the date of 3L initiation, was used to indicate the emergence of drug resistance. Individuals on cenobamate were followed for any length of time from the index date. Demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed descriptively. Primary clinical outcomes included seizure burden (i.e., change in seizure frequency and time to the first and second seizure events) and epilepsy-related HRU. RESULTS: Overall, 189 neurologists/epileptologists contributed 345 charts of individuals living with drug-resistant FE (66% male; average age 24 years at diagnosis and 32 years at index date). 66% had ≥1 neurologic/neuropsychiatric comorbidity at baseline. Average monthly seizure rate decreased from 6.1 at baseline to 3.8 at follow-up; however, nearly half of individuals experienced worse/no change or only some improvement (<50% reduction) in seizure frequency. Most individuals (91%) had ≥1 epilepsy-related outpatient visit during follow-up. Unplanned HRU included emergency department visits (43%) and hospitalizations (24%), primarily due to breakthrough seizure events. CONCLUSION: Despite the availability of many anti-seizure medications in the US, people living with drug-resistant FE continue to experience multiple seizures per month and incur substantial healthcare resources. Novel pharmacotherapies may help individuals living with drug-resistant epilepsy achieve seizure freedom.
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Stereochemical-controlled hydrogen bond donors play essential roles in the pharmaceutical industry. Consequently, organic molecules that bear difluoromethyl (CF2H) groups at chiral centers are emerging as pivotal components in pharmaceuticals due to their distinct hydrogenbonding property. However, a general approach for introducing CF2H groups in an enantioselective manner remained elusive. Here, we show that enantioconvergent difluoromethylation of racemic alkyl electrophiles, through alkyl radical intermediates, represents a new strategy for constructing CF2H-containing stereocenters. This strategy is enabled by using copper catalysts bound with a chiral diamine ligand bearing electron-deficient phenyl groups, and a nucleophilic difluoromethyl-zinc reagent. This method allows for the high-yield conversion of a diverse range of alkyl halides into their alkyl-CF2H analogs with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99% e.e.). Mechanistic studies, supported by DFT calculations, revealed a route involving asymmetric difluoromethylation of alkyl radicals and crucial non-covalent interactions in the enantio-determining steps.
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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed reaction/desorption have been employed to investigate the reaction of CH3-CHCl-C(=O)Cl on Cu (100), with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Experimentally, CH3-CH=C=O (methylketene) is found to be the product from the dechlorination of CH3-CHCl-C(=O)Cl on Cu(100) at 120 K. The CH3-CH=C=O generated on the surface would dimerize to form 2,4-dimethylcyclobutane-1,3-dione below 180 K. In agreement with the experimental findings, our DFT molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that the dechlorination of CH3-CHCl-C(=O)Cl, resulting in CH3-CH=C=O and two Cl atoms, occurs readily, completing within 0.6 ps at 300 K. The simulations also indicate that the cleavage of the CH-Cl bond precedes that of the C(=O)-Cl bond. The static DFT calculations suggest that the dimerization of CH3-CH=C=O primarily occurs through the coupling of two C=C bonds, which has a lower barrier of 38.08 kJ mol-1 compared to the 69.05 kJ mol-1 barrier for C=C + C=O coupling.
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Purpose: To label entecavir (ETV) with radioiodine and evaluate its effect on inhibiting hepatitis B virus (HBV) secretion and replication in vitro as well as its biodistribution in BALB/c mice. Methods: 125I-ETV was synthesized via binding a vinyl tributyltin group to ETV and producing electrophilic iodination of the group. Its chemical properties were assessed using traditional methods. Upon intravenous injection of 125I-ETV into BALB/c mice, the radioactivity of the critical organs was detected. In vitro, the anti-HBV activity of 125I-ETV was investigated using HepG2.2.15 cell culture model. Confocal microscopy was used to analyze the cell apoptosis. Culture supernatant samples were used for measuring HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV e antigen (HBeAg) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Intracellular HBV pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), DNA, and covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results: The radiochemical purity of 125I-ETV was greater than 95% after incubation in freshly serum within 48 h. The three highest radioactivities were in the stomach, intestine, and liver after intravenous injection at 0.5 h, 2 h, and 24 h. The confocal fluorescence imaging showed that 125I-ETV did not induce cell apoptosis after treatment for 96 h. 125I-ETV decreases HBsAg and HBeAg secretions as well as intracellular HBV pgRNA, DNA, and cccDNA copies in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the anti-HBV activity of 125I-ETV is greater than that of ETV. Conclusions: The study outcome establishes 125I-ETV as a candidate for anti-HBV. However, it is still in need of further endorsement and optimization by animal model studies before using 125I-ETV to treat chronic HBV disease.
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The sbiT-sbiR-sbiS operon of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia encodes an inner-membrane protein SbiT and a SbiS-SbiR two-component regulatory system. A sbiT mutant displayed a growth defect in LB agar. Mechanism studies revealed that sbiT deletion resulted in SbiSR activation and gloIo upregulation, which increased intracellular ROS level and caused growth defect.
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Four halophilic archaeal strains YCN1T, YCN58T, LT38T, and LT62T were isolated from Yuncheng Salt Lake (Shanxi, China) and Tarim Basin (Xinjiang, China), respectively. Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses showed that these four strains tightly cluster with related species of Halobacterium, Natronomonas, Halorientalis, and Halobellus, respectively. The AAI, ANI, and dDDH values between these four strains and their related species of respective genera were lower than the proposed threshold values for species delineation. Strains YCN1T, YCN58T, LT38T, and LT62T could be differentiated from the current species of Halobacterium, Natronomonas, Halorientalis, and Halobellus, respectively, based on the comparison of diverse phenotypic characteristics. The polar lipid profiles of these four strains were closely similar to those of respective relatives within the genera Halobacterium, Natronomonas, Halorientalis, and Halobellus, respectively. The phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genome-based analyses indicated that strains YCN1T, YCN58T, LT38T, and LT62T represent respective novel species within the genera Halobacterium, Natronomonas, Halorentalis, and Halobellus, for which the names Halobacterium yunchengense sp. nov., Natronomonas amylolytica sp. nov., Halorientalis halophila sp. nov., and Halobellus salinisoli sp. nov. are proposed, respectively.
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Lagos , Filogenia , Lagos/microbiología , Microbiología del Suelo , Halobacterium/genética , Halobacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Genoma Arqueal , Halobacteriaceae/genética , Halobacteriaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Halobacteriaceae/clasificaciónRESUMEN
Alkanes, ideal raw materials for industrial chemical production, typically exhibit limited reactivity due to their robust and weakly polarized C-H bonds. The challenge lies in selectively activating these C-H bonds under mild conditions. To address this challenge, various C-H activation mechanisms have been developed. Yet, classifying these mechanisms depends on the overall stoichiometry, which can be ambiguous and sometimes problematic. In this study, we utilized density functional theory calculations combined with intrinsic bond orbital (IBO) analysis to examine electron flow in the four primary alkane C-H activation mechanisms: oxidative addition, σ-bond metathesis, 1,2-addition, and electrophilic activation. Methane was selected as the representative alkane molecule to undergo C-H heterolytic cleavage in these reactions. Across all mechanisms studied, we find that the CH3 moiety in methane consistently uses an electron pair from the cleaved C-H bond to form a σ-bond with the metal. Yet, the electron pair that accepts the proton differs with each mechanism: in oxidative addition, it is derived from the d-orbitals; in σ-bond metathesis, it resulted from the metal-ligand σ-bonds; in 1,2-addition, it arose from the π-orbital of the metal-ligand multiple bonds; and in electrophilic activation, it came from the lone pairs on ligands. This detailed analysis not only provides a clear visual understanding of these reactions but also showcases the ability of the IBO method to differentiate between mechanisms. The electron flow discerned from IBO analysis is further corroborated by results from absolutely localized molecular orbital energy decomposition analysis, which also helps to quantify the two predominant interactions in each process. Our findings offer profound insights into the electron dynamics at play in alkane C-H activation, enhancing our understanding of these critical reactions.
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exo-6b2-Methyl-substituted pentabenzocorannulene (exo-PBC-Me) was synthesized by the palladium-catalyzed cyclization of 1,2,3-triaryl-1H-cyclopenta[l]phenanthrene. Its bowl-shaped geometry with an sp3 carbon atom in the backbone and a methyl group located at the convex (exo) face was verified by X-ray crystallography. According to DFT calculations, the observed conformer is energetically more favorable than the endo one by 39.9â kcal/mol. Compared to the nitrogen-doped analogs with intact π-conjugated backbones (see the main text), exo-PBC-Me displayed a deeper bowl depth (avg. 1.93â Å), redshifted and broader absorption (250-620â nm) and emission (from 585 to more than 850â nm) bands and a smaller optical HOMO-LUMO gap (2.01â eV). exo-PBC-Me formed polar crystals where all bowl-in-bowl stacking with close π â â â π contacts is arranged unidirectionally, providing the potential for applications as organic semiconductors and pyroelectric materials. This unusual structural feature, molecular packing, and properties are most likely associated with the assistance of the methyl group and the sp3 carbon atom in the backbone.
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Stepwise oxidative addition of copper(I) complexes to form copper(III) species via single electron transfer (SET) events has been widely proposed in copper catalysis. However, direct observation and detailed investigation of these fundamental steps remain elusive owing largely to the typically slow oxidative addition rate of copper(I) complexes and the instability of the copper(III) species. We report herein a novel aryl-radical-enabled stepwise oxidative addition pathway that allows for the formation of well-defined alkyl-CuIII species from CuI complexes. The process is enabled by the SET from a CuI species to an aryl diazonium salt to form a CuII species and an aryl radical. Subsequent iodine abstraction from an alkyl iodide by the aryl radical affords an alkyl radical, which then reacts with the CuII species to form the alkyl-CuIII complex. The structure of resultant [(bpy)CuIII(CF3)2(alkyl)] complexes has been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Competition experiments have revealed that the rate at which different alkyl iodides undergo oxidative addition is consistent with the rate of iodine abstraction by carbon-centered radicals. The CuII intermediate formed during the SET process has been identified as a four-coordinate complex, [CuII(CH3CN)2(CF3)2], through electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies. The catalytic relevance of the high-valent organo-CuIII has been demonstrated by the C-C bond-forming reductive elimination reactivity. Finally, localized orbital bonding analysis of these formal CuIII complexes indicates inverted ligand fields in σ(Cu-CH2) bonds. These results demonstrate the stepwise oxidative addition in copper catalysis and provide a general strategy to investigate the elusive formal CuIII complexes.
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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to understand how people living with drug-resistant focal epilepsy (DRE) navigate through lines of antiseizure medications (ASM) and experience adverse events (AEs) in the real-world setting in the United States. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted with medical chart data from clinical practices in the United States. Eligible adults had a confirmed diagnosis of DRE and initiated a third-line ASM therapy between January 2013 and January 2020 (i.e., the index date). Subjects must have medical history data available for ≥1 year prior to (the baseline) and ≥2 years after the index date (the follow-up). Treatment patterns were captured from first to fourth lines. After the emergence of drug resistance, time to ASM discontinuation, reasons for discontinuation, AE experience and AE management were reported separately during third and fourth lines of treatment and beyond. RESULTS: The study included a total of 345 individuals, with an average (standard deviation) age of 23.9 (11.9) years at first diagnosis. All individuals had at least three lines of ASMs with first and second lines during baseline, and third line during follow-up. The first line for most individuals was monotherapy. As individuals progressed through additional lines of ASM therapy, they were more likely to receive polytherapy. The regimens were more individualized after meeting drug resistance criteria. The top reasons for discontinuing were uncontrolled seizure and/or intolerance/AEs for both third and subsequent lines. More than a third of individuals experienced at least one AE. Among those with at least one AE, many individuals had to manage these AEs with dose adjustment (39.4%), discontinuation of offending ASM (37.9%), de novo pharmacotherapy (25.8%), emergency room visit (13.6%), and hospitalization (12.1%). SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrated that individuals living with DRE experience significant AEs, and many of these AEs lead to treatment disruption and significant healthcare resource utilization. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: This study examined how individuals with focal epilepsy are treated across various clinics in United States and reported the adverse events these individuals experienced during treatment, along with the consequence associated with these adverse events. We found that as individuals progressed through additional treatments, they were more and more likely to receive more than one antiseizure medication, and a significant portion of individuals experienced at least one adverse event, often manifested as headache, somnolence, dizziness, and fatigue.
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Anticonvulsivantes , Epilepsia Refractaria , Epilepsias Parciales , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapéutico , Anticonvulsivantes/efectos adversos , Estados Unidos , Epilepsias Parciales/tratamiento farmacológico , Epilepsia Refractaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Convulsiones/tratamiento farmacológico , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Four halophilic archaeal strains, BCD28T, BND7T, PSR21T, and PSRA2T, were isolated from coastal and inland saline soil, respectively. The 16S rRNA and rpoB' gene sequence similarities among these four strains and current species of Halomarina were 95.9-96.6% and 86.9-90.3%, respectively. Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses revealed that these four strains tightly cluster with the current species of the genus Halomarina. The AAI, ANI, and dDDH values among these four strains and current species of Halomarina were 65.3-68.4%, 75.8-77.7%, and 20.3-22.0%, respectively, clearly below the threshold values for species demarcation. Strains BCD28T, BND7T, PSR21T, and PSRA2T could be differentiated from the current species of Halomarina based on the comparison of diverse phenotypic characteristics. The major polar lipids of these four strains were phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP-Me), and four to five glycolipids. Phosphatidylglycerol sulfate (PGS) was only detected in strain BND7T. The phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genome-based analyses suggested that strains BCD28T (= CGMCC 1.18776T = JCM 34908T), BND7T (= CGMCC 1.18778T = JCM 34910T), PSR21T (= CGMCC 1.17027T = JCM 34147T), and PSRA2T (= CGMCC 1.17214T = JCM 34148T) represent four novel species of the genus Halomarina, for which the names Halomarina litorea sp. nov., Halomarina pelagica sp. nov., Halomarina halobia sp. nov., and Halomarina ordinaria sp. nov. are proposed.
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ADN de Archaea , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Microbiología del Suelo , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , ADN de Archaea/genética , ADN de Archaea/química , Halobacteriaceae/clasificación , Halobacteriaceae/genética , Halobacteriaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Composición de Base , Fosfolípidos/análisis , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
To develop a scheme for distinguishing Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) from lymphoma in patients presenting enlarged lymph nodes (LNs) predominantly on the upper side of the diaphragm. From November 2015 to August 2023, 32 KFD patients and 38 lymphoma patients were pathologically confirmed and enrolled in this retrospectively study. Clinical and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) features were collected. When comparing those PET/CT parameters, we set 5 models with different research objects: (1) all affected LNs; (2) the 5 largest affected LNs in terms of maximum diameter; (3) the 5 largest affected LNs in terms of maximum standard uptake values (SUVmax); (4) the largest affected LNs in terms of maximum diameter; (5) the largest affected LNs in terms of SUVmax. Compared to lymphoma patients, KFD patients were younger; and with higher incidence of fever, arthralgia, abnormal serum white blood cell, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and splenomegaly; lower incidence of affected LNs perinodal infiltration, necrosis and conglomeration; more affected LNs in Head and Neck nodes (particularly in level II) and Axillary in KFD (P Ë .05). PET/CT parameters presented as various difference in each model. Finally, 11 clinical and PET/CT features (ageâ ≤â 34, with fever, arthralgia, abnormal white blood cell, abnormal LDH, and without node necrosis and node conglomeration have a score of 2 each; splenomegaly, perinodal infiltration, median maximum diameterâ ≤â 20.5 and median SUVmax ≤ 7.1 of affected LNs in model 2 have score of 1 each) were selected as scheme items for distinguishing KFD from lymphoma. Individuals who have a total scoreâ >â 8, meet the criteria for KFD. Sensitivity and specificity were high: 86.8% (95% CI: 71.9%, 95.5%) and 96.9% (95% CI: 83.7%, 99.5%), AUCâ =â 0.975 (95% CI: 90.5%, 99.6%), respectively. It can effectively distinguish KFD from lymphoma by clinical and PET/CT parameters.
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Linfadenitis Necrotizante Histiocítica , Linfoma , Humanos , Tomografía Computarizada por Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones/métodos , Linfadenitis Necrotizante Histiocítica/diagnóstico por imagen , Linfadenitis Necrotizante Histiocítica/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Esplenomegalia , Linfoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Linfoma/patología , Fluorodesoxiglucosa F18 , Artralgia/patología , Necrosis/patología , Ganglios Linfáticos/diagnóstico por imagen , Ganglios Linfáticos/patologíaRESUMEN
Fingerprint recognition is a widely used biometric authentication method in LED-backlight smartphones. Due to the increasing demand for full-screen smartphones, under-display fingerprint recognition has become a popular trend. In this paper, we propose a design of an optical fingerprint recognition lens for under-display smartphones. The lens is composed of three plastic aspheric lenses, with an effective focal length (EFL) of 0.61 mm, a field of view (FOV) of 126°, and a total track length (TTL) of 2.54 mm. The image quality of the lens meets the target specifications, with MTF over 80% in the center FOV and over 70% in the 0.7 FOV, distortion less than 8% at an image height of 1.0 mm, and relative illumination (RI) greater than 25% at an image height of 1.0 mm. The lens also meets the current industry standards in terms of tolerance sensitivity and Monte Carlo analysis.
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The current species of Halosegnis and Salella within the class Halobacteria are closely related based on phylogenetic, phylogenomic, and comparative genomic analyses. The Halosegnis species showed 99.8-100.0% 16S rRNA and 96.6-99.6% rpoB' gene similarities to the Salella species, respectively. Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses showed that Salella cibi CBA1133T, the sole species of Salella, formed a single tight cluster with Halosegnis longus F12-1T, then with Halosegnis rubeus F17-44T. The average nucleotide identity (ANI), digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), and average amino acid identity (AAI) values between Salella cibi CBA1133T and Halosegnis longus F12-1T were 99.2, 94.2, and 98.6%, respectively, much higher than the thresholds for species demarcation. This genome-based classification revealed that the genus Salella should be merged with Halosegnis, and Salella cibi should be a later heterotypic synonym of Halosegnis longus. Halophilic archaeal strains DT72T, DT80T, DT85T, and DT116T, isolated from the saline soil of a tidal flat in China, were subjected to polyphasic taxonomic characterization. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic, and phylogenomic features indicated that strains DT72T (= CGMCC 1.18925T = JCM 35418T), DT80T (= CGMCC 1.18926T = JCM 35419T), DT85T (= CGMCC 1.19049T = JCM 35605T), and DT116T (= CGMCC 1.19045T = JCM 35606T) represent four novel species of the genera Halorussus, Halosegnis and Haloglomus, respectively, for which the names, Halorussus caseinilyticus sp. nov., Halorussus lipolyticus sp. nov., Halosegnis marinus sp. nov., and Haloglomus litoreum sp. nov., are proposed.
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Halobacteriaceae , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Halobacteriaceae/genética , China , ADN , ADN de Archaea/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , ADN Bacteriano/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This retrospective longitudinal study compared the effectiveness of dexamethasone+lenalidomide (Rd)-based triplet regimens containing proteasome inhibitors (PIs) ixazomib (IRd), carfilzomib (KRd), and bortezomib (VRd) or monoclonal antibodies (MABs) elotuzumab (ERd) and daratumumab (DRd) in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM)-including those with high cytogenetic risk-primarily treated at community oncology clinics in the United States. METHODS: Electronic health records of adult RRMM patients in a deidentified real-world database (01/01/2014-09/30/2020) who initiated IRd, KRd, VRd, ERd, or DRd in the second or later line of therapy (LOT) were analyzed. The index date was the date of initiation of each LOT and baseline was the 6-month pre-index period. Duration of therapy (DOT), time to next therapy (TTNT), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were compared across regimens with multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Of the 1,185 patients contributing 1,332 LOTs, 985 had standard cytogenetic risk (median age, 71 years) and 180 had high risk (median age, 69 years). Compared with other regimens, DRd was associated with longer DOT overall (adjusted hazard ratio [95 % confidence interval]: 1.84 [1.42, 2.38] vs. KRd, 1.65 [1.20, 2.28] vs. ERd, 1.58 [1.23, 2.04] vs. IRd, and 1.54 [1.18, 2.00] vs. VRd), and longer TTNT and PFS. KRd was associated with shorter OS compared with DRd (1.45 [1.01, 2.08]) and VRd (1.32 [1.01, 1.73]). High-risk patients had similar outcomes with all triplet regimens. CONCLUSION: Although DRd improved clinical outcomes overall, Rd-based triplet regimens containing a PI or MAB are similarly effective in high-risk RRMM.
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Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Dexametasona , Registros Electrónicos de Salud , Lenalidomida , Mieloma Múltiple , Humanos , Mieloma Múltiple/tratamiento farmacológico , Mieloma Múltiple/patología , Masculino , Femenino , Dexametasona/administración & dosificación , Dexametasona/uso terapéutico , Anciano , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Lenalidomida/uso terapéutico , Lenalidomida/administración & dosificación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estados Unidos , Registros Electrónicos de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Compuestos de Boro/uso terapéutico , Compuestos de Boro/administración & dosificación , Oligopéptidos/uso terapéutico , Oligopéptidos/administración & dosificación , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/tratamiento farmacológico , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Estudios Longitudinales , Bortezomib/uso terapéutico , Bortezomib/administración & dosificación , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Glicina/uso terapéutico , Glicina/administración & dosificación , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/uso terapéutico , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Tasa de Supervivencia , Estudios de Seguimiento , Anticuerpos MonoclonalesRESUMEN
Background: Bladder cancer is a common urinary tract malignancy. Minimally invasive radical cystectomy has shown oncological outcomes comparable to the conventional open surgery and with advantages over the open procedure. However, outcomes of the two main minimally invasive procedures, robot-assisted and pure laparoscopic, have yet to be compared. This study aimed to compare in-hospital outcomes between these two techniques performed for patients with bladder cancer. Methods: This population-based, retrospective study included hospitalized patients aged ≥ 50 years with a primary diagnosis of bladder cancer who underwent robot-assisted or pure laparoscopic radical cystectomy. All patient data were extracted from the US National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database 2008-2018 and were analyzed retrospectively. Primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, prolonged length of stay (LOS), and postoperative complications. Results: The data of 3284 inpatients (representing 16,288 US inpatients) were analyzed. After adjusting for confounders, multivariable analysis revealed that patients who underwent robot-assisted radical cystectomy had a significantly lower risk of in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR [aOR], 0.50, 95% CI: 0.28-0.90) and prolonged LOS (aOR, 0.63, 95% CI: 0.49-0.80) than those undergoing pure laparoscopic cystectomy. Patients who underwent robot-assisted radical cystectomy had a lower risk of postoperative complications (aOR, 0.69, 95% CI: 0.54-0.88), including bleeding (aOR, 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54-0.99), pneumonia (aOR, 0.49, 95% CI: 0.28-0.86), infection (aOR, 0.55, 95% CI: 0.36-0.85), wound complications (aOR, 0.33, 95% CI: 0.20-0.54), and sepsis (aOR, 0.49, 95% CI: 0.34-0.69) compared to those receiving pure laparoscopic radical cystectomy. Conclusions: Patients with bladder cancer, robot-assisted radical cystectomy is associated with a reduced risk of unfavorable short-term outcomes, including in-hospital mortality, prolonged LOS, and postoperative complications compared to pure laparoscopic radical cystectomy.
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The genera Haloarcula and Halomicroarcula are the most closely related genera within the family Haloarculaceae (class Halobacteria). The respective 16S rRNA genes of type strains from the genus Haloarcula showed 94.7-96.5% similarities to their homologous genes of type strains from the genus Halomicroarcula. The Haloarcula species showed 89.3-92.8% rpoB' gene similarities to Halomicroarcula species. These similarities were higher than the proposed genus boundary. Phylogenomic analysis revealed that these two genera formed a tight cluster separated from Halomicrobium with high bootstrap confidence. The average amino acid identity (AAI) values among Haloarcula and Halomicroarcula were 70.1-74.5%, higher than the cutoff value (67.0%) to differentiate the genera Haloarcula and Halomicroarcula from Halomicrobium. These results indicated that the genus Halomicroarcula should be merged with Haloarcula. Then, six novel species are described based on strains DFY41T, GDY20T, SHR3T, XH51T, YJ-61-ST, and ZS-22-S1T isolated from coarse sea salt, marine solar saltern, and salt lake (China). These six strains formed separate clades (90.1-99.3% 16S rRNA and 89.0-94.9% rpoB' gene similarities) and then clustered with current Haloarcula and Halomicroarcula species (89.4-99.1% 16S rRNA and 87.6-95.0% rpoB' gene similarities), as revealed by phylogenetic analyses. The average nucleotide identity (ANI), digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), and AAI values among these six strains and current Haloarcula and Halomicroarcula species were 76.2-89.8%, 25.3-46.0%, and 70.3-89.7%, respectively, clearly below the species demarcation threshold. These six strains were distinguished from current Haloarcula and Halomicroarcula species according to differential phenotypic characteristics. Six novel species, Haloarcula halophila sp. nov., Haloarcula litorea sp. nov., Haloarcula rara sp. nov., Haloarcula halobia sp. nov., Haloarcula pelagica sp. nov., and Haloarcula ordinaria sp. nov., are proposed to accommodate strains DFY41T, GDY20T, SHR3T, XH51T, YJ-61-ST, and ZS-22-S1T, respectively.
Asunto(s)
Haloarcula , Halobacteriaceae , Halobacteriales , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , ADN de Archaea/genética , Composición de Base , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Ácidos Grasos/química , ADN Bacteriano , Técnicas de Tipificación BacterianaRESUMEN
Two extremely halophilic archaeal strains, GSLN9T and XZYJT29T, were isolated from the saline soil in different regions of western China. Both strains GSLN9T and XZYJT29T have two 16S rRNA genes with similarities of 95.1 and 94.8â%, respectively. Strain GSLN9T was mostly related to the genus Halomicrococcus based on 16S rRNA (showing 91.0-96.0 % identities) and rpoB' genes (showing 92.0â% identity). Strain XZYJT29T showed 92.1-97.6â% (16S rRNA gene) and 91.4-93.1â% (rpoB' gene) sequence similarities to its relatives in the genus Halosimplex, respectively. The polar lipid profile of strain GSLN9T included phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP-Me), phosphatidylglycerol sulphate (PGS), sulphated mannosyl glucosyl diether (S-DGD-1) and sulphated galactosyl mannosyl glucosyl diether (S-TGD-1), mostly similar to that of Halomicrococcus hydrotolerans H22T. PA, PG, PGP-Me, S-DGD-1 (S-DGD-PA), S2-DGD, S-TGD-1 and an unidentified glycolipid were detected in strain XZYJT29T; this polar lipid composition is similar to those of members of the genus Halosimplex. The average nucleotide identity, digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average amino acid identity values between these two strains and their relatives of the genera Halomicrococcus and Halosimplex were no more than 82, 27 and 80â%, respectively, much lower than the thresholds for species demarcation. Other phenotypic characterization results indicated that strains GSLN9T and XZYJT29T can be differentiated from the current species of the genera Halomicrococcus and Halosimplex, respectively. These results revealed that strains GSLN9T (=CGMCC 1.15215T=JCM 30842T) and XZYJT29T (=CGMCC 1.15828T=JCM 31853T) represent novel species of Halomicrococcus and Halosimplex, for which the names Halomicrococcus gelatinilyticus sp. nov. and Halosimplex aquaticum sp. nov. are proposed.
Asunto(s)
Halobacteriaceae , Halobacteriales , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Filogenia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , Ácidos Grasos/química , Halobacteriaceae/genética , Fosfatidilgliceroles , Suelo , SulfatosRESUMEN
The oxidative dehydrogenation of propane, primarily sourced from shale gas, holds promise in meeting the surging global demand for propylene. However, this process necessitates high operating temperatures, which amplifies safety concerns in its application due to the use of mixed propane and oxygen. Moreover, these elevated temperatures may heighten the risk of overoxidation, leading to carbon dioxide formation. Here we introduce a microchannel reaction system designed for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane within an aqueous environment, enabling highly selective and active propylene production at room temperature and ambient pressure with mitigated safety risks. A propylene selectivity of over 92% and production rate of 19.57 mmol mCu-2 h-1 are simultaneously achieved. This exceptional performance stems from the in situ creation of a highly active, oxygen-containing Cu catalytic surface for propane activation, and the enhanced propane transfer via an enlarged gas-liquid interfacial area and a reduced diffusion path by establishing a gas-liquid Taylor flow using a custom-made T-junction microdevice. This microchannel reaction system offers an appealing approach to accelerate gas-liquid-solid reactions limited by the solubility of gaseous reactant.