Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation: a rare anterior mediastinal mass.

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are rare pulmonary vascular lesions which are associated with Osler Weber Rendu syndrome (hereditary haemorrhagic telangectasia). They act as right-to-left shunts and have cardiovascular and embolic complications. We present a patient with an apparent anterior mediastinal mass secondary to a pulmonary arteriovenous malformations which was successfully treated percutaneously.

Evaluation of sonographic diagnostic criteria for placenta accreta.

PURPOSE: To compare the diagnostic value of reported sonographic criteria for placenta accreta and to develop a composite score system for antenatal evaluation. METHOD: Sixty-six women at risk for placenta accreta were examined for 9 cases of placenta accreta that were confirmed at delivery. The performance of previously reported gray-scale and Doppler sonographic criteria for the diagnosis of placenta accreta was analyzed individually. A composite score system was developed by combining selected sensitive or specific sonographic criteria, and its performance was evaluated. RESULTS: The criteria of obliteration of retroplacental clear space, a myometrial thickness of <1 mm, presence of vessels bridging placenta and uterine margin, disruption of the placental-uterine wall interface, and vessels crossing the sites of interface disruption showed a statistically significant association with placenta accreta. The disruption of the placental-uterine wall interface and the presence of vessels crossing these sites were the only 2 individual criteria that could distinguish placenta accreta from non-accreta, which could also be achieved by our composite score system using a cutoff value of 40, with a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 98%. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic performance of the sonographic diagnostic criteria used in the diagnosis of placenta accreta varies, and a composite score system improves the overall accuracy.