Effects of affect, stereotype consistency, and valence of behavior on causal attributions.

The authors examined 3 hypotheses about the effects of 2 positive and 2 negative affects on causal attributions. On the basis of cognitive appraisal theories of emotion, they predicted that the grateful and angry participants would attribute causality for like-valenced behaviors to the target more strongly than would the happy and sad participants, respectively. Following an affect-induction procedure, 229 Anglo-American participants read a description of an African American target whose behavior was stereotype consistent or stereotype inconsistent and positive or negative in valence. As predicted, when the behavior was negative, the angry participants attributed it more strongly to the target than did the sad participants. When the behavior was positive, the grateful participants attributed it more strongly to the target than did the happy participants. The importance of distinguishing among affects and considering their multidimensional nature in predicting effects on social judgments is emphasized.

Immunoreactive gonadotropin-releasing hormone in porcine reproductive tissues.

Studies were aimed to identify and characterize IR-GnRH in the porcine endometrium, ovary, oviduct, and compare that with GnRH of hypothalamic and placental origin. RP-HPLC profiles revealed that all tissue extracts contained three peaks of IR-GnRH. Extraction with radioiodinated 125I-GnRH also resulted in three similar peaks, indicating these two extra peaks as an extraction artifact. Radioreceptor assay showed endometrial and ovarian ultrafiltrates displaced binding of 125I-GnRH analog to pituitary membrane. Secretion of uterine IR-GnRH was increased in ovariectomized, progesterone-treated gilts, as compared to the control. Treatment with estradiol + progesterone in ovariectomized gilts further increase uterine secretion of IR-GnRH. These results demonstrate that IR-GnRH identified in the porcine reproductive tissues possesses hydrophobicity similar to those in hypothalamus and placenta; endometrial IR-GnRH binds to pituitary GnRH receptors; and uterine secretion of IR-GnRH is modulated by ovarian steroids.

Defining the major nursing administration issue: doing more with less.

"What is the major nursing administrative issue today?" The question was posed to a community of scholars in the masters program in nursing administration at the University of California, San Francisco. Using a modified nominal group approach, multiple issues were identified, explored, and prioritized. There was consensus that "doing more with less" is the most important issue and greatest of challenges. To explore this issue in depth, books relating to the topic were identified, read, and applied to nursing administrative practice. Before discussion, administrative briefings were written and distributed among the group. Previous readings and experience also contributed to the synthesis of ideas over the academic year, and the subsequent development of the following position paper.