RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The present study was conducted to monitor the expression of pancreas and duodenal homeobox gene (PDX-1) for assessing beta-cell function in islets from patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP). METHODS: Islets isolated from the pancreata of 40 surgical patients categorized as control group, patients with mild CP, and patients with advanced CP were assessed for their yield, size, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Expressions of genes coding for PDX-1, insulin, and glucagon were simultaneously monitored by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and confirmed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In comparison with the control group (2673 +/- 592 islet equivalents [IEq]/g), islet yield did not differ much in the patients with mild CP (2344 +/- 738 IEq/g) but was significantly reduced (P < 0.0001) in the patients with advanced CP (731 +/- 167 IEq/g). Although the marginal decrease in islet size observed in the patients with mild CP was not significantly different from that observed in the control group, there was a 58% decrease observed in the patients with advanced CP that was also accompanied by a significant reduction in beta-cell mass (P < 0.05). The expression of insulin and PDX-1 genes, but not of glucagon, was significantly reduced in the patients with advanced CP as confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Islets obtained from the patients with advanced CP retained 53% glucose-stimulated insulin secretion function in comparison with those of the control group. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that beta-cell dysfunction during progression of CP correlates with the decrease in PDX-1 gene expression.
Asunto(s)
Expresión Génica , Proteínas de Homeodominio/genética , Células Secretoras de Insulina/metabolismo , Pancreatitis Crónica/genética , Transactivadores/genética , Adulto , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Regulación hacia Abajo , Femenino , Glucagón/genética , Glucagón/metabolismo , Glucosa/farmacología , Proteínas de Homeodominio/metabolismo , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Insulina/genética , Insulina/metabolismo , Islotes Pancreáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Islotes Pancreáticos/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pancreatitis Crónica/metabolismo , Pancreatitis Crónica/fisiopatología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Transactivadores/metabolismo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The inhibition of aflatoxin production by trifluoperazine, an anticalmodulin (CaM) agent and the relevance of Ca(2+)/CaM-dependent phosphorylation and dephosphorylation during aflatoxin biosynthesis was previously reported. To identify proteins that may be regulated by CaM, an in silico analysis for putative CaM-binding domains (CaMBDs) in the aflatoxin-related proteins of Aspergillus parasiticus was performed using the CaM target database. Interestingly, the key regulators of aflatoxin biosynthesis such as AflR and AflJ contained predicted CaMBDs at their C-termini. Furthermore, potential phosphorylation sites for CaM-kinase II were present within these CaMBDs. In addition to other aflatoxin biosynthesis enzymes--such as Vbs, DmtA and OmtA, and the VeA protein (known to regulate the expression of AflJ and AflR)--also showed the presence of putative CaMBDs. Although the present report reaffirms earlier observations on CaM-mediated regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis, it also opens new avenues for identifying the specific targets of CaM and elucidating the exact mechanism of initiation and regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis.