Effects of Individualized Exercise on Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome: A Scoping Review.

Exercise intervention is effective in alleviating the severity of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the results of previous studies on the effect of exercise on MetS have demonstrated considerable individual variability in response to a specific dose of exercise, which was attributed to the lack of a personalized approach to exercise prescription. It is essential to consider individual factors to enhance the effectiveness of exercise in addressing MetS. This scoping review assesses the effectiveness of individualized exercise on the risk factors associated with MetS. Various databases and articles were examined based on eligibility criteria and nine studies were chosen for this review. Personal and adjusted factors were predominantly analyzed to tailor exercise prescriptions to individual needs. This review proposes that personal factors can be classified into three categories: fixed factors, adaptation factors, and response factors, considering both clinical and exercise science perspectives. It also suggests that a two-way communication approach between specialists and individuals is more effective for prescribing exercise to address MetS compared to a one-way method. A one-way communication approach relies solely on an expert's decision, even whether or not he or she fully considers a client's lifestyle and preferences. If the individualized selection of exercise prescriptions is achieved through two-way communication between specialists and subjects, significant improvements can be expected in terms of both MetS severity and exercise adherence.

Physical activity among adolescent-parent dyads: 2017-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys of Korean adolescents and that of their parents.

This study investigated physical activity (PA) levels among adolescents and their parents in South Korea. Repeated cross-sectional data from 2017-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were used. The KNHANES uses a complex, multi-stage probability sample design. Data included 875 Korean adolescents aged 12 to 18years and their parents. Adolescents were asked how many days during the week they were physically active for at least 60 minutes. Compliance was defined as 4+ days per week. Logistic regressions were used and odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were provided. The adherence to PA compliance and guideline among adolescents (≥60 min/d for at least 4 d/week) and their parents (≥600MET/min per week) were 11.54% and 23.09%, respectively. Parents who adhered to the PA guideline were more likely to have a child who also adhere to the PA than the parents who did not adhere to the PA guideline (OR=2.48, 95% CI=1.39-4.49). Only mothers (OR=1.31, 95% CI=0.65-2.57) and fathers (OR=1.37, 95% CI=0.74-2.55) were not significant in association to their adolescents' PA when complying with the PA guidelines, respectively. Parental PA appears to be important for PA among adolescents. Therefore, strategies to promote PA among adolescents should target families in South Korea.

Physical Activity Trends in Korean Adults from Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey from 2014 to 2019.

The current study aimed to examine the adherence trend for aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity (PA) guidelines among Korean adults using the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey from 2014 to 2019. Korean adults (N = 2642) were included in the current study to examine the trend of PA adherence from 2014 to 2019. The PA guidelines are: (a) aerobic activity (a minimum of 150 min moderate to vigorous PA weekly) and (b) muscle-strengthening activity (a minimum of two days weekly). Self-report questionnaires in the survey measured both activities. The adherence to PA guidelines by survey year was examined using a multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for covariates. There was a significant decreasing trend in which the adherence rate to aerobic PA guidelines changed from 57.0% in 2014 to 45.6% in 2019 (p < 0.001). On the other hand, the trend in adherence rate to muscle-strengthening activity was not significant (p = 0.976). The adherence rate to muscle-strengthening activity guideline was slightly increased but still low from 20.8% to 23.3% during 2014−2019. The aerobic PA guidelines are significantly decreasing, and more than half of the Korean adults in 2019 have not followed the guidelines. In addition, there has been a slight increase in muscle-strengthening activity; however, the adherence rate is meager. Therefore, this study suggests that Korean adults' aerobic and muscle-strengthening PA participation is necessary for their low adherence rate and decline tendency.

Associations between grip strength and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus: an analysis of data from the 2014-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

OBJECTIVES: Glycemic control is essential for preventing severe complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the association between grip strength and glycemic control in Korean adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2,498 participants aged over 19 years that patients with diabetes mellitus who did not have a history of cardiovascular disease or cancer were selected for analysis. Grip strength was assessed using a handheld dynamometer and was represented as age-specific and sex-specific tertiles. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of glycemic control according to the grip strength tertiles. RESULTS: A significantly lower probability (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.97) for glycemic control was found in the lowest tertile of grip strength compared to the highest tertile. Furthermore, a subgroup analysis by sex only found significant associations between grip strength and glycemic control in males. CONCLUSIONS: Lower grip strength was associated with poor glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus, especially in males. However, further studies are needed to confirm the causal relationship between grip strength and glycemic control.