Sagliker syndrome: first four cases in Bulgaria.

UNLABELLED: Sagliker syndrome characterized with uglifying the appearance of the face due to secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic renal failure receiving dialysis long time ago. The aim of the study was to identify any patients with Sagliker syndrome among the 78 patients receiving dialysis at the Dialysis ward, University Hospital "St. George", Plovdiv, Bulgaria. RESULTS: Four patients metthe criteria for Sagliker syndrome: chronic renal insufficiency, secondary hyperparathyroidism, short stature, severe changes in the skull and jaw that lead to festoon-like uglifying face, dental abnormalities, "brown" tumors, deformations of the phalanges of the fingers, psychological diseases and depression. CONCLUSION: The lack of control of the level of calcium and phosphorus in the blood in patients with chronic kidney disease leads to severe bone changes and psychological changes in patients with prolonged dialysis.

[Associated vaccination of poultry against infectious bronchitis, Newcastle disease and infectious bursitis]. / Asotsiirana vaksinatsiia na ptitsi protiv zarazen bronkhit, psevdochuma i zarazen burzit.

The effectiveness of immunity was studied following a mixed vaccination with live vaccines against infectious bronchitis (strains H120 and H52), Newcastle disease (strain La Sota), and infectious bursitis (strain Th75Vn82). The three vaccines were applied simultaneously via the drinking water, through the spray method, and nasally. Experiments were carried out with a total of 31,466 birds: broilers, growing layers, broiler parents--all without preliminary treatment with biopreparations. Immunity against Newcastle disease was followed up through the hemagglutination-inhibition test and challenging with a virulent virus; against infectious bursitis--through immunodiffusion in agar gel after Ouchterlony; and against infectious bronchitis--through virus-neutralization with strain Beaudette. The birds were treated with mixed vaccines in the following combinations: infectious bronchitis--Newcastle disease; infectious bursitis--Gumboro; infectious bronchitis, Newcastle disease, Gumboro. The simultaneous application of live vaccines against infectious bronchitis, Newcastle disease, and infectious bursitis was shown to be well tolerated with no harmful aftereffects whatever. The immunity built up with the simultaneous use of the three vaccines was not inferior in effectiveness to that conferred with the use of two vaccines or only one of them.

[Trails with levamisole to stimulate immunity against Newcastle disease in poultry]. / Opiti za stimulirane na imuniteta sreshtu psevdochuma po ptitsite s levamizol.

Attempts to stimulate the immunity against Newcastle disease in birds aged 2 months, of the Leghorn breed, were carried out. It was found that levamisol at the rate of 3 mg/kg body weight given once, parenterally, 24 hours prior to or after the immunization of the birds with a live La Sota vaccine or given three times, parenterally or orally, did not stimulate the humoral immune response. No differences were found in the level of the total protein, protein fractions, and the titer of the hemagglutinating antibodies between the test and the control birds. There was, however, prolongation of the time of effective immunity in the levamisol-treated and vaccinated birds as against the birds that were vaccinated against Newcastle disease only. Discussed in the possible mechanism of stimulating the immunity with levamisol.

[Experiments with the simultaneous or combined vaccination of chicks against Marek's disease and Newcastle disease]. / Opiti za endovremenna ili kombinirana vaksinatsiia na pileta protiv bolestta na Marek i psevdochuma.

Simultaneous vaccination was carried out of day-old chicks against Marek's disease (strain C3--1) and Newcastle disease (strains B1 and La Sota) which did not prove to be effective in conferring a lasting immunity to Newcastle disease though it was tolerated without any disturbances whatever. One could resort to it by way of an exception only, with an obligatory revaccination 15 days later, when the unfavourable epizootic status made it necessary. The immunity built up against Marek's disease did not seem to be affected by the simultaneous or succeeding vaccination against Newcastle disease with live lentogenic strains. Effective in conferring solid immunity against Newcastle disease proved the combined application of the two vaccines in the following order: treatment of day-old chicks with a vaccine against Marek's disease and vaccination of the same chicks at the age of 8 days with a vaccine against Newcastle disease (strain B1) at a half rate, employing the spray method, followed by revaccination 15 days later with the La Sota vaccine at a full rate, employing the aerosol method.

[Study of an immunization plan for broilers via the spray method against Newcastle disease using vaccines from the Bl and La Sota strains]. / Prouchvane na skhema za imunizatsiia na broileri chrez spray metod sreshtu psevodchuma po ptitsite s vaksini ot shtamove Bl i La Sota

Studied was the immunization pattern against Newcastle disease in birds with the use of a spray method on broilers obtained congenitally from their mothers, having antihemagglutinins. All birds on one of the premises ( a total of 14, 000) were vaccinated when 5 days old with a liquid vaccine of strain B1 (one fourth dose per bird) using the Dutch pulverizing apparatus Flox-10 -- group I. Other 14,000 birds of another of the premises of the same batch were treated at the same age with the same dose via the same route of application of a liquid vaccine of the La Sota strain --group II. All birds of the two groups were revaccinated in the same way at the age of 25 days with a vaccine of the La Sota strain at the rate of a whole dose per bird. The birds were kept under equal conditons of feeding and management. It was found that they built immunity which protected them fully from Newcastle disease up to the end of the fattening period (2 months). This was demonstrated by the test for establishing resistance to a control infection with a highly virulent strain of the Newcastle disease virus (challenge) as well as serologically by the hemagglutination inhibition reaction. At the slaughter by the end of the fattening period all period all birds of the two groups sshowed almost equal average body weight, however, those of group I manifested 0.97 per cent lower mortality rate and lower forage intake per kg weight (by 23 g on an average).

[Effect of iosan and bradofen on the viruses of Newcastle disease, laryngotracheitis and fowl pox]. / Deistvie na iozan i bradofen vurkhu virusite na psevdochumata, laringotrakheits i sharkodifteriiata po ptitsite

Tested was the effect of the iodoform preparation iosan and the quaternary ammonium preparation bradofen against the viruses of the Newcastle disease (strain La Sota), laryngotracheitis (strain TsNIIP) and fowl pox (strain FK) in birds. The following results were obtained: 1. To a concentration of 3% (262 ppm of active iodine) and exposure of 45 min. to iosan the virus of laryngotracheitis was sensitive; that of Newcastle disease perished at a conc. of 5% (525 ppm of active iodine for 15 min); and that of fowl pox was not inactivated at a 30 min. exposure to a conc. of 7% (875 ppm of active iodine.) 2. Bradofen inactivated the Newcastle disease virus in a conc. of 0.5 per cent for 30 min., while the pox virus withstood a conc. of 1.5% up to the 30 th min. The virus of laryngotracheitis was inactivated by a conc. of 2 per cent for 45 min. The disinfection effect of the tested preparations was assessed as satisfactory.

[Production of a vaccine against pseudoplague in poultry using the La Sota strain]. / Otnosno proizvodstvoto na vaksina protiv psevdochuma po ptitsite s shtam La Sota

Comparative investigations were carried out on the quality and quantity of a vaccine against Newcastle disease in birds with the La Sota strain, obtained after the routinely applied productional technology or after some of the author's modifications of the method. The addition of penicillin, kanamycin, oleandomycin or chlorocid to the virus intended for an archive showed on unfavourable effect on the development of the chick embryos used; there was no such effect on the La Sota strain multiplying in them either. The industrial production of this vaccine with the addition of the above entibiotics used either alone or in combination had favourably influenced the sterility of the virus suspension. Data showed that at to and fro moving of the embryos following infection with the virus every two hours at an angle of 150 degrees C the number of dead embryos at the 76th hour was lower. The agglutination-reaction titer was considerably higher. A proof of high immunogenicity of the vaccines obtained was also the infectious titer of the virus in 11-old chick embryos--log 10(-9), on an average. On the 11th day of incubation the embryos infected with the La Sota strain of the virus had greater amounts of alanto-amnionic fluid than those kept in the incubator and infected on the 10th day. At infecting on the 11th day of age greater amounts of virus suspension were obtained without lowering of its infectious titer; thus, its immunogenic properties remained unchanged.

[Experience in the complex vaccination of birds against pseudoplague, infectious laryngotracheitis and diphtheria pox]. / Opiti za kompleksna vaksinatsiia na ptitsi protiv psevdochuma, zarazen laringotrakheit i sharkodifteriia

The immunity was studied as conferred by the simultaneous vaccination against Newcastle disease (strain La Sota), infectious laryngotracheitis (strain "TsNIIP"), and fowl pox (strain FK), applied at different sites. The vaccine against Newcastle disease was diluted at 1 : 10 and was applied nasally through instilling one drop in each orifice. When it was mixed with a vaccine against infectious laryngotracheitis at a ratio of 1 : 1 it was applied via the cloaca or nasally, orally, muscularly or through the ocular sinus. The vaccine against fowl pox was applied at the same time at dilution of 1 : 50 through the wing web. The effectiveness of the immunity conferred was checked through challenge infection, haemagglutination inhibition reactions, and virus-neutralization in chick embryos. It is stated that the resulting stress accompanying every vaccination was not stronger with the combination used than that in other cases. This was also an advantage over the alternative of administering the vaccines alone. The immunity against the three diseases, obtained at the simultaneous application of the vaccines, did not differ from that resulting from administering the vaccines alone. This, XXX indisputably, points to the fact that the method is equally useful from an epizootiologic and an economic standpoint.