Wastewater treatment, reuse, and disposal-associated effects on environment and health.

This paper presents the review of the literature published in the year 2019 related to treatment and reuse of wastewater and effects on the environment and human health. The scientific review on the treatment and reuse of wastewaters is divided into various sections in the paper. The review sections cover wastewater management, reuse, removal of microorganisms, and chemical constituents. Besides, the review also covers research focused on wastewater treatment plants, disposal, and the management of wastewater sludge as well as biosolids in the environment. PRACTITIONER POINTS: This paper highlights the review of scientific literature published in the year 2019.Review provide issues related to health risks associated with human and the general environment on the reuse of wastewater, treatment as well as disposal.The literature review covers selected papers relevant to the topic.

Ecological and human health risk assessment.

The literature review presented in this paper includes the ecological and human health risk assessment in the form of receptors in the environment. The main objective of this review to highlight a summary of the many studies undertaken in the year 2019. The first part of the review covers the papers published on the health risk assessment related to human and ecological health. This article focuses on methods and tools utilized for the analysis of scientific studies and the data. The review provides main issues such as interpretation of data, uncertainty, and policies related to the management of risks. The ecological and human health risk assessment is divided into two main sections. Each of these sections presents in broad the risk assessment process namely pollution studies, remediation, and tools required for the management of natural resources and the environment.

Pesticides and herbicides.

This paper highlights a review of scientific papers published in the year 2019 regarding pesticides and herbicides. The scientific review presented in this paper includes the presence and occurrence of pesticides and herbicides in the environment. The entire review divided into different sections, which are grouped into four main sections. Each of these sections provides studies conducted on toxicology, ecological risk assessment, strategies of treatment, policies, modeling, and guidelines regarding pesticides and herbicides management. PRACTITIONERS POINTS: This paper highlights the review of scientific literature published in the year 2019. The review includes the presence and occurrence of pesticides and herbicides in the environment. The review focuses on toxicology, ecological risk assessment, strategies of treatment, policies, modelling and guidelines regarding pesticides and herbicides management. The literature review covers selected papers relevant to the topic.

Pesticides and herbicides.

This paper provides a review of some important scientific articles published in the year 2018 about pesticides and herbicides. The literature review presented in this paper cover pesticides and herbicides presence as well as occurrence in the environment. The review is divided into four sections. Each of these sections highlight issues related to pesticides and herbicides on toxicology, ecology, risk assessment, modeling, and treatment strategies.

Ecological and human health risk assessment.

The literature review presented in this paper covers the risk assessment process that is important to human health as well as the health of ecology in the form of receptors. One of the important objectives of present review is to provide summary of the scientific studies published in the year 2018. The review starts with literature published on the assessment of health risks, which are valuable to human and ecology. Most of the literature in the entire article focuses on techniques used for the analysis of scientific data and methods. In addition, review also highlights data interpretation, uncertainty, policy, and regulatory guidance associated with the management of human and ecological risks. Particularly, the review on the risk assessment related to human health and ecology is divided into two main sections. These sections provide broad state of knowledge on the risk assessment process used to health of human and ecological systems focused on investigation of polluted sites, techniques of remediation, and tools required for natural resource management.

Health effects associated with wastewater treatment, reuse, and disposal.

This paper highlights the review of scientific literature published in the year 2018 on issues related to health risks associated with human and the general environment on the reuse of wastewater, treatment as well as disposal. The literature review on the above issues divided into number of sections, and these sections include management of wastewater, wastewater reuse with focus on microbial hazards, and chemical hazards. Further, the review also provides some recent research related to wastewater treatment plants, disposal of wastewater, sludge, and biosolids management. PRACTITIONER POINTS: This paper highlights the review of scientific literature published in the year 2018. Review provide issues related to health risks associated with human and the general environment on the reuse of wastewater, treatment as well as disposal. Literature review covers selected papers relevant to the topic.

Pesticides and Herbicides.

This paper highlights scientific literature that was published in the year 2017 related to the presence of pesticides and herbicides in the environment. The review on pesticides and herbicides is divided into four sections with focus on toxicology, ecology, risk assessment, modeling, and treatment strategies.

Effects of Pollution on Freshwater Organisms.

The scientific literature review in this paper includes research papers published in 2017 on issues related to pollutants from human activity and its effects on organisms of freshwater reported from the different parts of the world. The fist part of the literature review highlights on two broad sections that are focused on research conducted at the field level as well as surveys based on field experiments. A number of sections categorized in order to reflect the different class of pollutants follows the first part of literature review. Sections in this part of review includes non-point source pollution, stormwater, wastewater, nutrients, sediment cap materials and suspended clays, botanical extracts, surfactants, metals, persistent organic pollutants, pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors, pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nanomaterials and ionic liquids. The final part of the literature review highlights the published research on recent innovations of recent in addressing problem of pollution in the freshwater and its management.

Health Effects Associated with Wastewater Treatment, Reuse and Disposal.

This paper covers the scientific literature review published in the year 2017 on issues related to health risks associated with public and the general environment on wastewater reuse, disposal and treatment. The entire literature review is divided into many sections such as management of wastewater, wastewater reuse with focus on microbial hazards, chemical hazards. In addition, the review also presents the latest research on wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), disposal of wastewater, and biosolids.

Ecological and Human Health Risk Assessment.

The review of literature in this paper includes the assessment of risk process and addresses issues of both human as well as ecological receptors. The main objective of this review is to highlight an overview of the scientific research literature published in year 2017. The review is focused on assessment of risk on human and ecology published in the literature such as analysis, methodology, interpretation, management, uncertainty, policy and regulatory guidance. The review on ecological and human health risk assessment is divided into two main sections namely ecological and human health. The focus of the review is on the risk assessment process as it is applied to human health, ecoological systems, site investigation, aspects of remediation as well as natural resources.

Bioenergy from Biofuel Residues and Wastes.

This review includes works published in the general scientific literature during 2016 on the production of bioenergy and biofuel from waste residues generated during bioethanol and biodiesel production with a brief overview of current and emerging feedstocks. A section of this review summarizes literature on culturing algae for biofuels including bioreactors and open pond cultivation systems with the utilization of inorganic and organic sources of nutrients. New methods applicable to the mass culture of algae are highlighted. Algal cell harvesting and oil extraction techniques are discussed along with policies and economics.

Textiles.

A review of the literature published in 2016 on topics relating to the treatment alternatives for wastewater from the textile industries is presented. This review is divided into the following sections: a brief introduction on the implementation of the Best Available Techniques into textile industry, a review of the more promising treatment technologies distinguished into physico-chemical, biological and combined processes.

Radioactive Wastes.

Papers reviewed herein present a general overview of radioactive waste related activities around the world in 2016. The current reveiw include studies related to safety assessments, decommission and decontamination of nuclear facilities, fusion facilities, transportation. Further, the review highlights on management solutions for the final disposal of low and high level radioactive wastes (LLW and HLW), interim storage and final disposal options for spent fuel (SF), and tritiated wastes, with a focus on environmental impacts due to the mobility of radionuclides in ecosystem, water and soil alongwith other progress made in the management of radioactive wastes.

Effects of Pollution on Freshwater Organisms.

This review covers research papers and scientific literature published in the year 2016 on the effects of anthropogenic pollutants on freshwater organisms. In the first, the review begins with two broad sections thate are mainly focused on research reviews and broad field studies and surveys. This is followed by reviews of research categorized in sections to reflect the pollutant class. These sections include wastewater, stormwater and non-point source pollution, nutrients, sediment cap materials and suspended clays, botanical extracts, surfactants, metals, persistent organic pollutants, pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors, pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), ionic liquids, and nanomaterials. The final section of the review highlights the research published on describing innovations in the field of freshwater pollution research.

Wastewater and sludge management and research in Oman: An overview.

It is well recognized that management of wastewater and sludge is a critical environmental issue in many countries. Wastewater treatment and sludge production take place under different technical, economic, and social contexts, thus requiring different approaches and involving different solutions. In most cases, a regular and environmentally safe wastewater treatment and associated sludge management requires the development of realistic and enforceable regulations, as well as treatment systems appropriate to local circumstances. The main objective of this paper is to provide useful information about the current wastewater and sludge treatment, management, regulations, and research in Oman. Based on the review and discussion, the wastewater treatment and sludge management in Oman has been evolving over the years. Further, the land application of sewage sludge should encourage revision of existing standards, regulations, and policies for the management and beneficial use of sewage sludge in Oman. IMPLICATIONS: Wastewater treatment and sludge management in Oman have been evolving over the years. Sludge utilization has been a challenge due to its association with human waste. Therefore, composting of sewage sludge is the best option in agriculture activities. Sludge and wastewater utilization can add up positively in the economic aspects of the country in terms of creating jobs and improving annual income rate. The number of research projects done on wastewater reuse and other ongoing ones related to the land application of sewage sludge should encourage revision of existing standards, regulations, and policies for the management and beneficial use of sewage sludge in Oman.

Textiles.

A review of the literature published in 2015 on topics relating to the treatment alternatives for wastewater from the textile industries is presented. This review is divided into the following sections: a brief introduction on the implementation of the Best Available Techniques into textile industry, a review of the more promising treatment technologies distinguished into physico-chemical, biological and combined processes.

Bioenergy from Biofuel Residues and Wastes.

This review includes works published in the general scientific literature during 2015 on the production of bioenergy and biofuel from waste residues generated during bioethanol and biodiesel production with a brief overview of current and emerging feedstocks. A section of this review summarizes literature on culturing algae for biofuels including bioreactors and open pond cultivation systems with the utilization of inorganic and organic sources of nutrients. New methods applicable to the mass culture of algae are highlighted. Algal cell harvesting and oil extraction techniques tested and developed for algae discussed alongwith policies and economics are also provided.

Radioactive Wastes.

Papers reviewed herein present a general overview of radioactive waste activities around the world in 2015. These include safety assessments, decommission and decontamination of nuclear facilities, fusion facilities, transportation and management solutions for the final disposal of low and high level radioactive wastes (LLW and HLW), interim storage and final disposal options for spent fuel (SF), and tritiated wastes, with a focus on environmental impacts due to the mobility of radionuclides in water, soil and ecosystem alongwith other progress made in the management of radioactive wastes.

Effects of Pollution on Freshwater Organisms.

This review includes works published in the general scientific literature during 2015 on the effects of anthropogenic pollutants on freshwater organisms. It begins with two broad sections: research reviews and broad field studies and surveys. This is followed by reviews of research categorized in sections to reflect the pollutant class. These sections include wastewater, stormwater and non-point source pollution, nutrients, sediment cap materials and suspended clays, botanical extracts, surfactants, metals, persistent organic pollutants, pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors, pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), ionic liquids, and nanomaterials. The final section includes works describing innovations in the field of freshwater pollution research.

Textiles.

A review of the literature published in 2014 on topics relating to the treatment alternatives for wastewater from the textile industries is presented. This review is divided into the following sections: a brief introduction on the implementation of the Best Available Techniques into textile industry, a review of the more promising treatment technologies distinguished into physico-chemical, biological and combined processes.