Identification and evolutionary analysis of papillomavirus sequences in New World monkeys (genera Sapajus and Alouatta) from Argentina.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we investigated the occurrence of papillomavirus (PV) infection in non-human primates (NHPs) in northeastern Argentina. We also explored their evolutionary history and evaluated the co-speciation hypothesis in the context of primate evolution. METHODS: We obtained DNA samples from 57 individuals belonging to wild and captive populations of Alouatta caraya, Sapajus nigritus, and Sapajus cay. We assessed PV infection by PCR amplification with the CUT primer system and sequencing of 337 bp (112 amino acids) of the L1 gene. The viral sequences were analyzed by phylogenetic and Bayesian coalescence methods to estimate the time to the most common recent ancestor (tMRCA) using BEAST, v1.4.8 software. We evaluated viral/host tree congruence with TreeMap v3.0. RESULTS: We identified two novel putative PV sequences of the genus Gammapapillomavirus in Sapajus spp. and Alouatta caraya (SPV1 and AcPV1, respectively). The tMRCA of SPV1 was estimated to be 11,941,682 years before present (ybp), and that of AcPV1 was 46,638,071 ybp, both before the coalescence times of their hosts (6.4 million years ago [MYA] and 6.8 MYA, respectively). Based on the comparison of primate and viral phylogenies, we found that the PV tree was no more congruent with the host tree than a random tree would be (P > 0.05), thus allowing us to reject the model of virus-host coevolution. CONCLUSION: This study presents the first evidence of PV infection in platyrrhine species from Argentina, expands the range of described hosts for these viruses, and suggests new scenarios for their origin and dispersal.

Identificación de papilomavirus humanos en lesiones cutáneas benignas y malignas no melanoma por métodos moleculares / Identification of human papillomavirus in benign and malignant nonmelanoma skin lesions by molecular methods

Los virus papiloma humano (PVH) están presentes en la piel como flora normal, donde permanecen en forma latente, pudiendo desarrollar en ciertas oportunidades, lesiones cutáneas. OBJETIVO: Identificar los tipos de PVH con tropismo por epitelios cutáneos y analizar su posible asociación con lesiones cutáneas benignas y carcinomas cutáneos no melanoma. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo realizado en el servicio de dermatología del Hospital provincial del Centenario, desde Junio de 2007 a Noviembre de 2008. Se obtuvieron muestras mediante hisopados de regiones: fotoexpuesta (FE), no fotoexpuesta (NFE), perilesional (PL), superficie de lesión (SL) y biopsias de lesiones para estudio histopatológico. Se incluyeron pacientes derivados para estudio histopatológico de las lesiones antesreferidas. Detección de PVH mediante PCR. RESULTADOS: Participaron 67 pacientes, 41 hombres y 26 mujeres, edad promedio de 51 años (rango: 19-89 años). 300 muestras resultaron idóneas para la amplificación por PCR. La frecuencia de ADN de PVH hallado fue del 58% (176/300) (Figura 1), encontrándose 75% en FE, 39% en NFE, 75%en PL, 66% en SL y 35% en las biopsias. Se identificaron 69 tipos diferentes de HPV, siendo más frecuentes el 2, 21, 20 y 6. Se detectó un nuevo PVH,el 115. No se identificó PVH en muestras de carcinomas. En queratosis seborreicas se detectó en un 27%. CONCLUSIONES: Se obtuvieron datos acerca de los PVH circulantes en los pacientes de nuestra región. Corroboramos la influencia de la radiación ultravioleta sobre la infección por este virus, así como su presencia en queratosis seborreicas. Identificamos un nuevo HPV en Sudamérica

The human papillomavirus (HPV) establish a latent infection of the skin as normal flora and can develop skin lesions on some situations. OBJECTIVES: Identify the HPV types which exhibit tropism for cutaneous epithelium and analyse its possible association with benign skin lesions and nonmelanoma skin cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective study was carried out in the Department of Dermatology at the Centenario Provincial Hospital from June 2007to November 2008. Samples were collected by swabs from the following areas: sun-exposed (FE), non-sun-exposed (NFE), perilesional (PL), lesion area(SL) and biopsy of lesions for histopathological study. We included patients referred to surgical removal of a skin lesion for histopathological study. Detection of HPV by PCR.RESULTS:67 patients were recruited, 41 men and 26 women, median age of 51 years (range, 19-89 years). 300 samples were suitable for amplification by PCR. HPV DNA was present in 58% of the analyzed samples (176/300), and 75% in FE, 39% in NFE, 75% in PL, 66% in SL and 35% in biopsies. 69 different types of HPV were identified, being more frequent 2, 21, 20, and 6. We detected a new HPV, 115. HPV were not identified in samples of car-cinomas. In seborrhoeic keratosis were present in 27% of the samples.CONCLUSIONS:We collected data about the HPV circulating in patients of our region. We affirmed the influence of ultraviolet radiation on this viralinfection, as well as their presence in seborrhoeic keratosis. We identified a new HPV in South America