[Negative symptoms predict the improvement of social functioning of patients with schizophrenia].

OBJECTIVE: To identify predictive factors associated with the improvement of social functioning of schizophrenia patients in a community. METHODS: 101 schizophrenia patients undergoing community rehabilitation were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), Self-Esteem Scale (SES), Family Function Questionnaire (APGAR), and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Scale II (WHODAS-II) twice 6 months apart. Pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify the influencing and predictive factors associated with the improvement of social functioning. RESULTS: The increase of PSP score was correlated with age (r = 0.220), reduced PANSS negative score (r = 0.468), reduced PANSS general score (r = 0.392), reduced PANSS total score (r = 0.472), and reduced WHODAS-II Score (r = 0.247). The predictive factors of the change of PSP score followed the following order: change of PANSS negative score [the change of coefficient of determination (deltaR2 ) = 0.197], age of onset (deltaR2 = 0.048), change of WHODAS-II score and psychiatric rehabilitation (deltaR2 = 0.031). CONCLUSION: Improvement of negative symptoms predicts the short-term improvement of social functioning of schizophrenia patients.

Reliability and Validity of the Lam Assessment of Employment Readiness for Injured Workers / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To measure the reliability and validity of the Lam Assessment of Stages of Employment Readiness (LASER) Putonghua version for injured workers, and observe the confidence of return to work on different preparation stages. Methods 85 injured workers with limb fractures were included. The data was obtained through face-to-face structured interview. The test-retest reliability and internal consistency were measured. Factor analysis was used to examine construct validity of the Putonghua version LASER. Results Principle component analysis extracted four factors, which was consistent with the original version of LASER. Intra- class correlation coefficient (ICC) of test-retest ranged 0.27~0.89, whereas the internal consistence among these 4 stages ranged 0.691~0.796. There were significantly differences in confident scores in different stages among 3 different confidence groups. Conclusion The structure validity of Putonghua version of LASER is useful for reflecting the readiness of injured workers' return to work. However, the reliability coefficient is rather low in some of the items, which could be resulted in incorrect judgment of readiness of return to work of injured workers. The further study on items correction and development is apparent.

Contributors of Return to Work for a Cohort of Spinal Cord Injured Workers / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To explore the rate of return to work among a cohort of spinal cord injury (SCI) who were at least 18 months post injury and some psychosocial factors contributing to return to work. MethodsA convenient sampling method was adopted and total 161 subjects were involved. The demographic characteristic and psychosocial variable were collected by 6 self-reported questionnaires: World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule Ⅱ, Acceptance of Disability Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale, Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Self-administered, telephone and face-to-face interview were the manners to capture data. ResultsThe return to work rate is 31%. The result generated from Logistic regression showed that the type of SCI (paraplegia or quadriplegia) （OR=4.397）, acceptance of disability (OR=0.979), disability assessment level (OR=0.948), and the impact of belief to activities of daily living (OR=0.681) were the contributors for successful return to work. ConclusionFor those who suffering from SCI after 18 months, both psychosocial adjustment factors and physical functioning may have the great impacts for the outcomes of return to work rather than that of external factors, such as social supports.

Psychosocial Aspects of Disability / 中国康复理论与实践

In this paper, we will address common psychological reactions to disability such as anxiety, depression, denial, and anger in the framework of a stage model. In addition, this paper will discuss specific societal aspects that can impact reaction and adjustment to disability. In this vein, we will examine the specific effects of societal attitudes and stigma upon individuals with disabilities. Strategies for changing attitudes and facilitating adjustment to disability will also be discussed.