Advancing therapy in people with suboptimally controlled basal insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: Subanalysis of the SoliMix trial in participants in Latin American countries.

AIMS: This subanalysis of the SoliMix trial assessed the efficacy and safety of advancing basal insulin (BI) therapy with iGlarLixi versus BIAsp 30 in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) living in Latin American (LATAM) countries, i.e. Argentina and Mexico (N = 160). MATERIALS AND METHODS: SoliMix (EudraCT: 2017-003370-13) was a 26-week, open-label, multicentre study, where adults with T2D suboptimally controlled with BI plus one or two oral glucose-lowering drugs and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥7.5% to ≤10% were randomized to once-daily iGlarLixi or twice-daily BIAsp 30. Primary efficacy endpoints were non-inferiority in HbA1c reduction (margin 0.3%) or superiority in body weight change for iGlarLixi versus BIAsp 30. RESULTS: Both primary efficacy endpoints were met in the LATAM region. After 26 weeks, HbA1c was reduced by 1.8% with iGlarLixi and 1.4% with BIAsp 30, meeting non-inferiority [least squares mean difference -0.47% (95% confidence interval: -0.82, -0.11); p < .001]. iGlarLixi was superior to BIAsp 30 for body weight change [least squares mean difference -1.27% (95% confidence interval: -2.41, -0.14); p = .028]. iGlarLixi was also superior to BIAsp 30 for HbA1c reduction (p = .010). A greater proportion of participants achieved HbA1c <7% without weight gain and HbA1c <7% without weight gain and without hypoglycaemia with iGlarLixi versus BIAsp 30. Incidence and rates of American Diabetes Association Level 1 and 2 hypoglycaemia were lower with iGlarLixi versus BIAsp 30. CONCLUSIONS: Once-daily iGlarLixi provided better glycaemic control with weight benefit and less hypoglycaemia than twice-daily premix BIAsp 30. iGlarLixi may be a favourable alternative to premix BIAsp 30 in people with suboptimally controlled T2D to advance BI therapy in the LATAM region.

Prediction of incident hypertension and arterial stiffness using the non-insulin-based metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) index.

Hypertension is associated with insulin resistance (IR), metabolic syndrome (MS), and arterial stiffness. Non-insulin-based IR indexes were developed as tools for metabolic screening. Here, we aimed to evaluate the novel non-insulin-based Metabolic Score for IR (METS-IR) index for the prediction of incident hypertension and arterial stiffness evaluated using pulse wave velocity (PWV) analysis, compared with other non-insulin-based IR indexes. We evaluated two populations, a cross-sectional evaluation of high-risk individuals (n = 305) with a wide range of metabolic comorbidities and dyslipidemia in whom PWV measurement was performed and a 3-year prospective cohort of normotensive individuals (N = 6850). We observed a positive correlation between METS-IR and PWV in the cross-sectional cohort, which was higher compared with other non-insulin-based fasting IR indexes; furthermore, PWV values >75th percentile were associated with the upper tercile of METS-IR values. In the prospective cohort, we observed an increased risk for incident hypertension for the upper METS-IR tercile (METS-IR ≥ 46.42; HR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.41-2.34), adjusted for known cardiovascular risk factors, and observed that METS-IR had greater increases in the predictive capacity for hypertension along with SBP and the Framingham Hypertension Risk Prediction Model compared with other non-insulin-based IR indexes. Therefore, METS-IR is a novel non-insulin-based IR index which correlates with arterial stiffness and is a predictor of incident hypertension, complementary to previously validated risk prediction models.

Development and validation of a predictive model for incident type 2 diabetes in middle-aged Mexican adults: the metabolic syndrome cohort.

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Mexico. Here, we aimed to report incidence rates (IR) of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged apparently-healthy Mexican adults, identify risk factors associated to ID and develop a predictive model for ID in a high-risk population. METHODS: Prospective 3-year observational cohort, comprised of apparently-healthy adults from urban settings of central Mexico in whom demographic, anthropometric and biochemical data was collected. We evaluated risk factors for ID using Cox proportional hazard regression and developed predictive models for ID. RESULTS: We included 7636 participants of whom 6144 completed follow-up. We observed 331 ID cases (IR: 21.9 per 1000 person-years, 95%CI 21.37-22.47). Risk factors for ID included family history of diabetes, age, abdominal obesity, waist-height ratio, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), HOMA2-IR and metabolic syndrome. Early-onset ID was also high (IR 14.77 per 1000 person-years, 95%CI 14.21-15.35), and risk factors included HOMA-IR and IFG. Our ID predictive model included age, hypertriglyceridemia, IFG, hypertension and abdominal obesity as predictors (Dxy = 0.487, c-statistic = 0.741) and had higher predictive accuracy compared to FINDRISC and Cambridge risk scores. CONCLUSIONS: ID in apparently healthy middle-aged Mexican adults is currently at an alarming rate. The constructed models can be implemented to predict diabetes risk and represent the largest prospective effort for the study metabolic diseases in Latin-American population.

Prevalencia de factores de riesgo anteroscleroso en la ciudad de Aguascalientes. Resultados de la encuesta "Declaración de Aguascalientes contra la Aterosclerosis" (DACA) / Atherosclerosis risk factors in the city of Aguascalientes. Mexico

Durante el mes de septiembre de 1995, se llevó a cabo en la ciudad de Aguascalientes, un estudio epidemiológico demoniado DACA, que permitió analizar al 3 por ciento de la población mayor de 25 años de edad (6,128 individuos): 3.792 (60.5 por ciento) mujeres y 2,416 839.4 por ciento) hombres y los sometió a un cuestionario con 45 variables, a la vez que se realizaba medición de peso talla, perímetros de cintura y cadera, así como presión arterial de pie y sentado. En casa uno se efectuó además medición de los niveles séricos de colesterol mediante análisis capilar con tira reactiva. La prevalencia de antecedentes familiares positivos fue importante. El 24.1 por ciento de los sujetos, mostraron niveles de colesterol superiores a 240 mg por ciento y el 35.6 por ciento mayores de 220 mg por ciento. Sólo el 48.4 por ciento tuvieron niveles menores a los 200 mg por ciento. De los 1,479 individuos catalogados con hipercolesterolemia (> 240 mg por ciento), 248 tenían dicha alteración como único factor de riesgo, y 381 (25.7 por ciento) tenían además hipertensión arterial, 122 (8.2 por ciento) tenían diabetes conocida, 373 (25.2 por ciento) eran obesos y 393 (26.5 por ciento) tenían o habían tenido hábito tabáquico. Los resultados de este estudio epidemiológico, DACA, muestran el estado basal de la prevalencia de factores de riesgo en la ciudad de Aguascalientes, podría ser un reflejo de lo que posiblemente sucede en el centro y norte de México y son útiles para el desarrollo de estrategias de salud futuras encaminadas a la prevención de la enfermedad aterosclerosa

Vitamin E modifies neither fructusamine nor HbA1c levels in poorly controlled diabetes

Objetivo. Investigar los efectos de la vitamina E sobre la glicación de las proteínas totales del suero (fructosamina), glicación de la hemoglobina (HbA1c), y niveles de glucemia, colesterol total, trigliceridos, LDLC, HDL-C, apolipoproteína A1 y apolipoproteína B. Material y métodos. Sesenta pacientes diabéticos con descontrol metabólico crónico fueron asignados al azar para recibir 1200 mg/día de vitamina E o cápsulas idénticas del placebo durante dos meses en un diseño doble ciego cruzado con un periodo de lavado de cuatro semanas entre cada régimen terapéutico. Resultados. Siete pacientes fueron excluídos del estudio por razones no relacionadas con los medicamentos. En los 53 pacientes restantes, los niveles de glucemia, fructosamina, HbA1c, colesterol total, HDL-C, LDL-C, apo A1 y apo B no mostraron variaciones significativas de la vitamina E en comparación con placebo. Conclusiones. No se observaron efectos significativos de la vitamina E en los niveles de los parámetros evaluados en paciente scon diabetes descontrolada