The association of air pollutants with hospital outpatient visits for child and adolescence psychiatry in Shenzhen, China.

BACKGROUND: Although exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with mental disorder, little is known about its potential effects on children and adolescents, especially in Chinese population. We aimed to reveal the relationship of air pollutants with hospital outpatient visits for child and adolescence psychiatry (HOVCAP) in Shenzhen. METHODS: A case-crossover study based on time-series data was applied, and a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used to evaluate the non-linear and delayed effects of 4 major air pollutants (NO2, PM2.5, SO2 and O3) on HOVCAP. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to control the multicollinearity between covariates and to filter variables. RESULT: A total of 94,660 cases aged 3-18 were collected from 2014 to 2019 in the Mental Health Center of Shenzhen. Results of pollutants at mode value (M0) showed that in the single lag effect result, when the average daily concentration of NO2 at 24 µg/m3, there was a significant effect on HOVCAP over lag 1, lag 4 and lag 5, respectively. The cumulative RR of NO2 M0 value to the outpatient visits were 1.438 (1.137-1.818) over lag 0-2, 1.454 (1.120-1.887) over lag 0-3, 1.466 (1.084-1.982) over lag 0-4, 1.680 (1.199-2.354) over lag 0-5, 1.993 (1.369-2.903) over lag 0-6, and 2.069 (1.372-3.119) over lag 0-7. However, PM2.5, SO2, O3 were not associated with HOVCAP over neither single lag effects nor cumulative effects. The RR values both shown an increase either when NO2 increases by 10 units or when the maximum concentration of NO2 is reached. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that exposure to the normal air quality of NO2 in Shenzhen may associated with the risk of HOVCAP. However, PM2.5, SO2, O3 were not associated with HOVCAP.

Distribution of Microbiota in Fine Particulate Matter Particles in Guangzhou, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#High PM concentration is the main feature of increasing haze in developing states, but information on its microbial composition remains very limited. This study aimed to determine the composition of microbiota in PM in Guangzhou, a city located in the tropics in China.@*Methods@#In Guangzhou, from March 5 to 10 , 2016, PM was collected in middle volume air samplers for 23 h daily. The 16S rDNA V4 region of the PM sample extracted DNA was investigated using high-throughput sequence.@*Results@#Among the Guangzhou samples, , , , , and were the dominant microbiota accounting for more than 90% of the total microbiota, and was the dominant gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 21.30%-23.57%. We examined the difference in bacterial distribution of PM between Beijing and Guangzhou at the genus level; was found in both studies, but was only detected in Guangzhou.@*Conclusion@#In conclusion, the diversity and specificity of microbial components in Guangzhou PM were studied, which may provide a basis for future pathogenicity research in the tropics.

The effects of human cytomegalovirus infection on college students' neurobehaviors / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore relevant between human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection and college students' neurobehaviors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>87 college students were enlisted. They were tested with Bole. Neurobehavioral evaluation system (B. NES), and HCMV IgG antibody was detected after separation of serum. We analyzed the test results of B. NES by SPSS software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>76 college students were infected by HCMV in the past and 11 college students were not infected. The infected group scored 8.89 +/- 6.60 in depression aspect of emotion state test, while control group got 15.73 +/- 9.00. There was Significant difference between infection group and control (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in other aspects of emotion states, study and memory, perception and mental movement (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HCMV infection is associated with depression status.</p>

Association of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c control with the complications in type 2 diabetic patients / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the status of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (GHbA(1c)) control in type 2 diabetic patients and its relation to diabetic complications.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 676 patients with type 2 diabetes were investigated for GHbA(1c) level and the diabetic complications. The patients were divided into two groups with GHbA(1c) >7% and GHbA(1c)< or =7%, and the relation of GHbA(1c) with the complications was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rate of good GHbA(1c) control (GHbA(1c)< or =7%) was 35.1% (237/676) in these patients, and 64.9% (439/676) of the patients showed poor GHbA(1c) control (GHbA(1c)>7%). The rates of hypertension and cerebralovascular complications were significantly higher in patients with GHbA(1c)>7% than in those with GHbA(1c)< or =7% (69.9% vs 55.7%, and 21.8% vs 8.9%, respectively, P<0.001), but the rate of coronary heart disease was comparable between the two groups (18.7% vs 17.3%, P>0.05). The patients with poor GHbA(1c) control had significantly higher incidences of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and fatty liver than those with good GHbA(1c) control (46.0% vs 35.0%, and 36.9% vs 25.3%, respectively, P<0.01), but no significant differences were found in the incidences of diabetic nephropathy (18.7% vs 16.5%), diabetic retinopathy (30.8% vs 27.4%) or diabetic feet (5.0% vs 3.8%) between the two groups (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Type 2 diabetic patients have generally low rate of successful GHbA(1c) control, which can be associated with the occurrence of diabetic complications, suggesting the necessity of more rigorous diabetic health education and GHbA(1c) monitoring in these patients.</p>

Analysis on the epidemiological features and risk factors of hospital workplace violence in Guangzhou / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the epidemiological features and relevant risk factors of hospital workplace violence.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective study using logistic regression on hospital staff was carried out. Based on WHO's last definition for workplace violence from "new research showing workplace violence threatening health services" issued on May 10th, 2002.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 4062 staff members investigated, 2619 had been subjected to workplace violence in the last 12 months preceding the survey, with a rate of 64.48% which was accounted for 49.12% of psychological and 15.36% of physical violence respectively. Male staff were more vulnerable to physical violence against female. Those victims aged 30 - 39 years were at greatest risk. Doctors and nurses were leading victims of workplace violence. Most of workplace violence happened during day shift, in the ward. The main risk factors contributing to workplace violence would include: unreasonable demand from patients or their relatives, late recovery as expected, and expensive cost. Patients' relatives often took the leading role as perpetrators and followed by patients themselves.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Magnitude of hospital workplace violence in hospitals in Guangzhou asked for comprehensive measures to improve staff-patient relationship for the prevention and control of violence.</p>

Studies on direct and indirect economic burden of disease and related factor in countryside of Qingdao city in 2001 / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the condition of economic burden of disease in the countryside and to explore the related factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human capital method and two-step method were used in the calculation of economic burden of disease.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total economic burden of disease among 3359 persons was 3072 225 Yuan. Noncommunicable conditions were accounted for 62.95%, while communicable disease, maternal and perinatal conditions accounted for 24.25%, and injury accounted for 9.83% respectively. The direct economic burden of disease was 1,559,619 Yuan and the indirect economic burden of disease was 1,472,606 Yuan. The economic burden of disease for each person was 914 Yuan. The equal burden of disease among patients with disability and without disability were 3070 Yuan and 680 Yuan respectively (P < 0.001). There was significant difference among different age groups. The influencing factors were found to include having noncommunicable disease, age, disability and the condition of marriage.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Corresponding policy to cope with conditions of different age groups needs to be developed to reduce the economic burden of disease in the countryside.</p>

Prevalence of workplace violence in staff of two hospitals in Guangzhou / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand prevalence of workplace violence in hospital and to analyse its relevant causes to lay a basis for maintaining normal working order in hospital.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A study was conducted to look into workplace violence situation in health care workers in two large hospitals of Guangzhou, Guangdong Province during October 2001 to October 2002. Workplace violence was defined as any events occurred in hospital staff, who suffered psychological or/and physical violence during the past 12 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally, 678 of 1 043 hospital staff (65%) investigated had such experience during the past year, mainly psychological violence. Medical doctors were more vulnerable than nurses, with prevalence of 70.3% and 67.7% for medical doctors and nurses, respectively. Prevalence was the highest in those aged 30 - 39 years with 11 - 20 years of employment. Man staff were more vulnerable to physical violence than women, with prevalence of 11.7% and 5.3%, respectively. No significant difference in psychological or sexual violence between man and woman staff was found. Frequently, nurses and nurse aides were victims of sexual violence. Usually, troublemakers were patients relatives or patients themselves, accounting for 64.2% and 50.0% of the total events, respectively. Main causes for workplace violence in hospital included unreasonable requirement from patients or their relatives which was not met, or not-so-quick recovery as they desired.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Workplace violence occurred in hospital staff was prevalent in Guangzhou, which should be attached more importance. Comprehensive intervention measures should be adopted focusing on law reinforcement and education, to maintain normal working order in hospital.</p>

Effects of surveillance system and preventive measures on the control of severe acute respiratory syndrome in a university in Guangdong Province of China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the influence of the surveillance system and preventive measurements on the control of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in a university in Guangdong Province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A university with more than thirty thousand undergraduates, staff and their relatives was retrospectively studied, from which information regarding the status of epidemic, organization of leadership, disease control strategies and measures were collected and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The construction of the surveillance system in such a model as "individual-dormitory/home-class/unite-faculty and institute-university" largely contributed to the achievement of the goals of low incidence, no secondary, no epidemic, and no death. A series of control measures benefited the early diagnosis, effective isolation, prevention, and treatment of SARS control.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SARS could be effectively controlled in university only if strict surveillance system is built up, and all-round preventions, including early isolation of both confirmed or suspected cases and close contacted persons, are carried out.</p>