What is the most needed competence for newly graduated generation z nurses? Focus groups study.

BACKGROUND: Research conducted so far in the area of identifying competence needed for newly graduated nurses has allowed for the identification of both strengths and weaknesses of nurses beginning work. However, the analyses conducted so far requires supplements in terms of difficulties and the strengths in respect to competence of graduates from the currently entering Generation Z. OBJECTIVES: To explore Generation Z newly graduated nurses' competence that increase their work efficiency and support them during periods of professional adaptation. DESIGN: A qualitative exploratory-descriptive design. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-nine participants attended the interviews conducted in 4 focus groups: nursing students, newly graduated nurses, nurse managers and clinical nurses with at least 10 years of working experience. METHODS: Qualitative research utilized focus groups that were conducted based on the same semi-structured interview, which ensured similar key topics were discussed by each group. The COREQ criteria were used in the reporting of this study. RESULTS: We determined the characteristics and difficulties of the adaptation period for newly graduated Generation Z nurses and identified six of the most needed competence: knowledge and the ability to use it in practice, communication skills, teamwork, openness to development, decision-making, coping with stress and empathy. The topics of self-confidence, assertiveness and empathy were also discussed in each group. CONCLUSION: Analysis based on focus groups identified good preparation in knowledge, openness to development and empathy; however, deficiencies were found in the other competence. Competence indicated as the most important in Generation Z nurses' practice were interrelated. Deficits in some of them can cause difficulties in using others.

The occurrence of Alaria alata mesocercariae in wild boars (Sus scrofa) in north-eastern Poland.

Various species of mammals, including humans and wild boars, can serve as paratenic hosts of Alaria alata mesocercariae - Distomum musculorum suis (DMS). Cases of DMS can be reliably detected by the recent introduction of the A. alata mesocercariae migration technique (AMT). The aim of this study is to present current data on the occurrence of DMS in wild boars in north-eastern Poland, and to compare the findings with those obtained in other European countries. A. alata was identified in 98 of 221 (44.3%) tissue samples of wild boar taken from five provinces in north-eastern Poland during the hunting seasons 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 based on AMT analysis. Positive results were found in all studied regions, but the percentage of infected individuals ranged from 26.3% in the Pomorskie province to 65.5% in the Warminsko-Mazurskie province. The mean number of larvae exceeded seven larvae per 30 g sample for three provinces: Pomorskie, Mazowieckie and Lubelskie. In turn, lower values were found in the Warminsko-Mazurskie province (3.3 larvae per 30 g), and the lowest in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie province (1.8 larvae per 30 g). The occurrence and intensity of A. alata infestation in wild boars was found to depend on the environment in which they live. Neither the sex or the age of the wild boar appeared to influence the occurrence nor the intensity of infestation.