Cosméticos radioactivos. La belleza «radiante» / Radioactive Cosmetics and Radiant Beauty

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Alopecia frontal fibrosante: estudio retrospectivo de 75 pacientes / Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: A Retrospective Study of 75 Patients

ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVO: La alopecia frontal fibrosante (AFF) es un tipo de alopecia cicatricial cuya incidencia está en aumento. Detallamos las características demográficas y clínicas, y los tratamientos utilizados en los pacientes con AFF atendidos en la consulta de tricología de un hospital de complejidad intermedia. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se recopilaron de forma retrospectiva los datos de todos los pacientes diagnosticados de AFF atendidos en la consulta de Tricología del Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía desde mayo de 2016 hasta mayo de 2018. Se evaluó la asociación entre la gravedad, el patrón clínico y la necesidad del tratamiento oral con el resto de las características de los pacientes. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron un total de 75 pacientes (73 mujeres y 2 varones). El diagnóstico en la mayoría de los casos fue clínico, y se realizó estudio histológico en 13 pacientes (17,3%). La mediana de la edad de inicio del cuadro fue de 61 [12] años. En 70 casos (93,3%) se observó afectación de las cejas y en 7 pacientes (9,6%) se objetivaron signos de liquen orogenital. Asociaban hipotiroidismo 11 casos (14,7%) y en 15 (20,0%) se observaron signos de rosácea. Solo 5 (21,7%) de los pacientes con patrón lineal presentaban retroceso grave. En los pacientes inestables y/o sintomáticos (24 casos) se instauró tratamiento oral (con inhibidores de la 5 alfa reductasa, hidroxicloroquina, corticoides o isotretinoína) o intralesional con corticoides, logrando la estabilización en 18 pacientes (75,0%). Un total de 10 pacientes de los 15 que presentaban signos de rosácea, y 10 de los 20 pacientes que presentaban pápulas faciales precisaron tratamiento sistémico. CONCLUSIÓN: La mayoría de nuestros pacientes son mujeres posmenopáusicas. Hemos encontrado un aumento de la proporción de casos con un liquen orogenital en relación con la población general, y una menor gravedad en los pacientes con un patrón lineal. Se ha objetivado la presencia de pápulas faciales con más frecuencia en pacientes más jóvenes, y una mayor probabilidad de necesitar tratamiento oral en los pacientes con rosácea y con pápulas faciales

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Frontal fibrosing alopecia is an increasingly common form of scarring alopecia. The aim of this study was to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with FFA seen at the trichology unit of a medium-sized regional hospital and to report on treatments used. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We reviewed the medical records of all patients with FFA seen at the trichology unit of Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía in Madrid, Spain between May 2016 and May 2018. We analyzed associations between disease severity, clinical patterns, need for oral medications, and other characteristics. RESULTS: Seventy-five patients (73 women and 2 men) were studied. Diagnosis was clinical in most cases and 13 cases (17.3%) were confirmed histologically. Median (interquartile range) age at reported onset of symptoms was 61 (12) years. Involvement of the eyebrows was recorded in 70 patients (93.3%) and signs of oral and genital lichen planus in 7 (9.6%). Eleven patients (14.7%) had hypothyroidism and 15 (20.0%) had signs of rosacea. Only 5 of the patients who presented a linear pattern (21.7%) had severe hairline recession. Patients with unstable and/or symptomatic disease (n = 24) were treated with oral medications (5-alpha reductase inhibitors, hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids, and isotretinoin) or intralesional corticosteroids. Eighteen patients (75.0%) achieved disease stability. Ten of the 15 patients with signs of rosacea and 10 of those with facial papules required systemic treatment. CONCLUSION: Most of the patients in this series of FFA were postmenopausal women. The prevalence of oral and genital lichen planus was higher than that observed in the general population. Patients with a linear pattern had less severe disease. Facial papules were more common in younger patients and both facial papules and rosacea were associated with a greater need for oral treatment

Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: A Retrospective Study of 75 Patients. / Alopecia frontal fibrosante: estudio retrospectivo de 75 pacientes.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Frontal fibrosing alopecia is an increasingly common form of scarring alopecia. The aim of this study was to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with FFA seen at the trichology unit of a medium-sized regional hospital and to report on treatments used. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We reviewed the medical records of all patients with FFA seen at the trichology unit of Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía in Madrid, Spain between May 2016 and May 2018. We analyzed associations between disease severity, clinical patterns, need for oral medications, and other characteristics. RESULTS: Seventy-five patients (73 women and 2 men) were studied. Diagnosis was clinical in most cases and 13 cases (17.3%) were confirmed histologically. Median (interquartile range) age at reported onset of symptoms was 61 (12) years. Involvement of the eyebrows was recorded in 70 patients (93.3%) and signs of oral and genital lichen planus in 7 (9.6%). Eleven patients (14.7%) had hypothyroidism and 15 (20.0%) had signs of rosacea. Only 5 of the patients who presented a linear pattern (21.7%) had severe hairline recession. Patients with unstable and/or symptomatic disease (n=24) were treated with oral medications (5-alpha reductase inhibitors, hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids, and isotretinoin) or intralesional corticosteroids. Eighteen patients (75.0%) achieved disease stability. Ten of the 15 patients with signs of rosacea and 10 of those with facial papules required systemic treatment. CONCLUSION: Most of the patients in this series of FFA were postmenopausal women. The prevalence of oral and genital lichen planus was higher than that observed in the general population. Patients with a linear pattern had less severe disease. Facial papules were more common in younger patients and both facial papules and rosacea were associated with a greater need for oral treatment.

Autoeficacia del cuidador familiar de la persona en estado crítico / Self-efficacy of the familial caregiver towards the person in critical status / Auto eeficácia do cuidador familiar da pessoa em estado crítico

Introducción: El cuidador familiar cuestiona su capacidad para cuidar cuando la persona que cuida sufre una descompensación aguda de la enfermedad crónica y requiere hospitalización en una unidad de pacientes críticos. En esta situación, se hace fundamental determinar la autoeficacia o capacidad del cuidador para organizar y ejecutar un cuidado que sea eficaz y que permita prevenir conductas riesgosas, tanto para su salud como para la de su familiar. Objetivo: Conocer la percepción de autoeeficacia del cuidador familiar de la persona en estado crítico por descompensación de su enfermedad crónica, que se encuentra en las Unidades de Paciente Crítico del Hospital Dr. Guillermo Grant Benavente de Concepción, y relacionarla con sus características biopsicosociales y con los indicadores de morbilidad de la persona hospitalizada. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, correlacional y de corte transeccional. Se aplicó la Escala de Autoeficacia para el Cuidado, la Escala de Autoestima y un cuestionario semiestructurado a 97 cuidadores familiares. Resultados: La autoeficacia fue mayor en los cuidadores hombres y se obtuvo una relación estadísticamente significativa con edad, nivel de estudios, autoestima, conocimiento del tratamiento y duración de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: Se observó cómo algunas características biopsicosociales del cuidador e indicadores de morbilidad de la persona en estado crítico se relacionan con su percepción de autoeeficacia e influyen en su decisión de adoptar una conducta promotora de salud frente a su autocuidado y el de su familiar.

Introduction: The familial caregivers question their capacity to care when patients suffer acute decompensations due to their chronic illnesses and require hospitalization in critical patients units. In these situations, it is fundamental to determine the caregiver self-efficacy in organizing and providing care which is effective and allows the prevention of risk-posing behaviors, both from the patients as well as from the patients' families. Objective: To explore the self-efficacy perception of familial caregivers towards the persons in critical status admitted to Critical Patient Units of the ''Dr. Guillermo Grant Benavente de Concepción'' hospital, as well as the related associations with bio-psycho-social characteristics and morbidity indicators. Methodology: This is a quantitative, correlational and trans-sectional study. A Care Self-Efficacy scale, a Self-Esteem scale, and a semi-structured questionnaire were conducted with 97 familial caregivers. Results: Self-Efficacy was higher among male caregivers, and statistically significant relations with age, level of studies, self-esteem, knowledge of the treatment, and illness duration were found. Conclusions: It was observed that some bio-psycho-social characteristics of the caregiver, as well as some morbidity indicators of the person in critical status, were associated to the caregivers' perception of their self-efficacy, and to the patients' strength to adopting health-promoting conducts towards themselves and their families.

Introdução: O cuidador familiar questiona a sua capacidade para cuidar quando o paciente sofre uma descompensação aguda da doença crónica e requer hospitalização em una unidade de pacientes críticos. Nesta situação, faz-se fundamental determinar a auto eficácia ou capacidade do cuidador para organizar e executar um cuidado que seja eficaz e que permita prevenir condutas arriscadas, tanto para sua saúde como a de seu familiar. Objetivo: Conhecer a percepção de auto eficácia do cuidador familiar com o paciente em estado crítico por descompensação de sua patologia crónica, que se encontra nas Unidades de Paciente Crítico do Hospital Dr. Guillermo Grant Benavente de Concepción, e relacioná-la com suas caraterísticas biopsicossociais e com os indicadores de mobilidade da pessoa hospitalizada. Metodologia: Estudo quantitativo, correlacional e de corte transeccionado. Aplicou-se a Escala de Auto eficácia para o Cuidado, a Escala de Autoestima e um questionário semiestruturado a 97 cuidadores familiares. Resultados: A auto eficácia foi maior nos cuidadores homens e obteve-se uma relação estatisticamente significativa com idade, nível de estudos, autoestima, conhecimento do tratamento e duração da doença. Conclusões: Observou-se como algumas caraterísticas biopsicossociais do cuidador e indicadores de mobilidade da pessoa em estado crítico, relacionam-se com sua percepção de auto eficácia e influenciam em sua decisão de adoptar uma conduta promotora de saúde perante a seu autocuidado e de seu familiar.

High-frequency ultrasound features in a case of gouty panniculitis.

Gouty panniculitis is caused by the deposition of urate crystals in the subcutaneous tissue, accompanied by a lobular panniculitis. It presents as subcutaneous nodules, most commonly located on the lower extremities. Being an unusual clinical presentation of gout, the sonographic findings of gouty panniculitis have been scarcely described in the literature. Our report describes the ultrasound features we found in a case of gouty panniculitis and the usefulness of this technique for diagnosis and monitoring of this disease.

Hemorragia posparto secundaria o tardía / Secondary postpartum haemorrhage

RESUMEN ANTECEDENTES: la hemorragia posparto, secundaria o tardía, es un tema que requiere estudiarse aún más; quizá no ha despertado el interés suficiente por su baja asociación con la mortalidad materna, pero sí alta morbilidad que puede determinar múltiples complicaciones y necesidad de hospitalización. OBJETIVO: con base en la evidencia científica disponible profundizar en el conocimiento de las diferentes condiciones que forman parte del concepto hemorragia posparto secundaria. METODOLOGÍA: estudio retrospectivo mediante la búsqueda de artículos originales y revisiones sistemáticas en: PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect y Biblioteca Cochrane. Para todos los sitios se utilizaron las palabras clave: "secondary postpartum hemorrhage", "delayed postpartum hemorrhage". Se seleccionaron los artículos de mayor nivel de evidencia. CONCLUSIONES: a diferencia de lo que ocurre en la hemorragia posparto primaria, la hemorragia posparto tardía rara vez amenaza la vida de la mujer sin por ello dejar de afectarla seriamente, cuando así sucede suele deberse a padecimientos poco frecuentes y conocidos. En estos últimos es prioritario el diagnóstico temprano junto con el tratamiento multidisciplinario.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Secondary or late postpartum hemorrhage is a disease poorly represented in the literature and research studies; probably due to low association with maternal mortality, but high morbidity it implies that can determine a number of complications as well as increased hospital admissions. OBJECTIVE: To deepen the knowledge of the different entities that are part of postpartum hemorrhage secondary concept based on the available scientific evidence. METHODOLOGY: Was a search for original articles and systematic reviews published in the databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and ScienceDirect. Included in the different search engines, keywords: "secondary postpartum hemorrhage", "delayed postpartum hemorrhage". Greater level of evidence selected and collected information from 52 documents CONCLUSIONS: Unlike what happens in primary postpartum hemorrhage, postpartum hemorrhage late rarely life threatening women but sometimes it can seriously compromise when this occurs often due to rare diseases and little known. In the latter, early diagnosis is a priority with a multidisciplinary approach.

Insecure maternal attachment is associated with depression in ADHD children.

The objective of this study was to analyze the possible association between maternal attachment style and comorbidity associated with childhood ADHD. We evaluated a total of 103 children with ADHD treated at a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre and their mothers. Comorbidity was evaluated using the MINI-KID interview. Maternal attachment was evaluated using the Adult Attachment Questionnaire. We considered child variables that could be associated with the clinical course of ADHD, such as symptom severity, age, gender, evolution time, academic level, and current pharmacological treatment; parental variables, such as the mother's psychiatric history, current psychopathology, marital status, academic level, income, and employment, were also considered. We found an association between maternal insecure attachment and comorbid depressive disorder in childhood ADHD. An insecure maternal attachment style must be considered in the assessment and treatment of childhood ADHD with comorbid depression.

Estudio descriptivo de la incapacidad temporal en el sector sanitario de Cataluña (2009-2012) / Descriptive study of sickness absence in the health care sector of Catalonia (2009-2012)

Objetivo: Describir la incidencia y evolución de la incapacidad temporal (IT) por contingencias comunes y profesionales en la población trabajadora de los centros sanitarios de Cataluña. Métodos: La población de estudio estuvo constituida por los 25.964 trabajadores de 30 centros sanitarios de Cataluña, durante el período 2009-2012. La información sobre los episodios de IT se obtuvo de los registros de las Direcciones de Recursos Humanos. Se definieron unos indicadores de IT, y se calcularon las tasas de incidencia de IT y la evolución temporal, según la duración y tipo de episodio, y el tamaño y actividad de los centros sanitarios. Resultados: La evolución temporal de las tasas de incidencia de IT por contingencia común mostró una tendencia a la disminución en el período 2009-2012. Los centros de pequeño tamaño tuvieron tasa de IT por contingencia común inferior que los de mayor tamaño (p<0,001). Los centros sociosanitarios son los que presentaron mayores tasas de IT por contingencia común, especialmente la de muy corta duración (p<0,001). . Los centros de atención primaria tuvieron las tasas más bajas de IT por contingencia profesional siendo la más elevada la de los centros sociosanitarios, especialmente la de larga duración (p<0.01). Conclusiones: Las diferencias observadas en las tasas de incidencia de IT según el tipo de actividad del centro sanitario podrían deberse a diferencias en las condiciones de trabajo

Objective: To describe the incidence and evolution of sickness absence (SA) for non-occupational and occupational illness/injury in the population of workers in Catalonian Health Centers based on the definition of a set of common indicators. Methods: The study population consisted of 25,964 workers from 30 health centers in Catalonia, during 2009-2012. Information on SA episodes was obtained from records of the Directorate of Human Resources. SA indicators were defined, and SA incidence rates and temporal evolution were calculated, depending on the length and type of episode, and the size and activity of health centers. Results: SA incidence rates for non-occupational illness and injury showed a decreasing trend during 2009-2012. Smaller centers had lower SA rates for non-occupational conditions than larger centers (p<0,001). . Social health centers had higher SA rates of non-occupational illness and injury, especially those with a very short duration (p<0.001). Primary care centers had the lowest SA occupational illness and injury rates, with the highest rates occurring in the social health centers, especially long-term centers (p<0.01). Conclusions: The differences in incidence rates of SA detected by type of activity of the health centers could be due to differences in working conditions

Impact of HIV infection on sustained virological response to treatment against hepatitis C virus with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin.

It is commonly accepted that human immunodeficiency (HIV) coinfection negatively impacts on the rates of sustained virological response (SVR) to therapy with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin (PR). However, this hypothesis is derived from comparing different studies. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of HIV coinfection on SVR to PR in one single population. In a multicentric, prospective study conducted between 2000 and 2013, all previously naïve hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients who started PR in five Spanish hospitals were analyzed. SVR was evaluated 24 weeks after the scheduled end of therapy. Of the 1046 patients included in this study, 413 (39%) were coinfected with HIV. Three hundred and forty-one (54%) HCV-monoinfected versus 174 (42%) HIV/HCV-coinfected patients achieved SVR (p < 0.001). The corresponding figures for undetectable HCV RNA at treatment week 4 were 86/181 (47%) versus 59/197 (30%), p < 0.001. SVR was observed in 149 (69%) HCV genotype 2/3-monoinfected subjects versus 91 (68%) HIV/HCV genotype 2/3-coinfected subjects (p = 0.785). In the HCV genotype 1/4-infected population, 188 (46%) monoinfected patients versus 82 (30%) with HIV coinfection (p < 0.001) achieved SVR. In this subgroup, absence of HIV coinfection was independently associated with higher SVR [adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 2.127 (1.135-3.988); p = 0.019] in a multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, baseline HCV RNA load, IL28B genotype, fibrosis stage, and type of pegylated interferon. HIV coinfection impacts on the rates of SVR to PR only in HCV genotype 1/4-infected patients, while it has no effect on SVR in the HCV genotype 2/3-infected subpopulation.

Morphogenesis of the saccus vasculosus of turbot Scophthalmus maximus: assessment of cell proliferation and distribution of parvalbumin and calretinin during ontogeny.

The ontogenesis of the saccus vasculosus (SV) of turbot Scophthalmus maximus is described using histological and immunohistochemical methods to assess the general morphology, as well as the distribution of proliferative cells and several calcium-binding proteins (CaBP). The results reveal that the SV begins to differentiate on hatching, when immature coronet cells are morphologically distinguishable. Further morphogenesis involves the formation of a tubular avascular SV, which remains until premetamorphic larval stages. Folding and vascularization of the SV occurs mostly during metamorphosis, when S. maximus settle down on the bottom. Proliferative cells were placed within the SV itself and in the neighbouring infundibular hypothalamus. Their putative relationship with the growth of the SV is discussed. The CaBPs analysed are expressed in coronet cells. Parvalbumin is expressed in these cells from the beginning of their differentiation, while calretinin expression arises in the tubular SV and becomes more widespread over time. These data emphasize the importance of calcium buffering in the function of coronet cells.

Maternal psychiatric history is associated with the symptom severity of ADHD in offspring.

Controversy exists about the role of parent psychopathology in persistence and severity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in their children. Here we aimed to analyse the potential association between the severity of ADHD symptoms in children and the presence of psychiatric and ADHD symptoms in their biological parents. Seventy-three triads of children and their parents who were in active treatment for their diagnosed ADHD were evaluated in our Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centers. The mental health of the parents was also assessed. The general psychopathology of the parents was evaluated using the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R), and symptoms of hyperactivity were examined using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS v.1.1). The severity of symptoms in children was assessed using the ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS-IV). Variables that could have affected the clinical development of ADHD such as sex, evolution time, age, academic level and the presence of comorbidities were controlled. The severity of the symptoms in children with ADHD was significantly related to the psychiatric history of their mother, the younger age of the child and the presence of a comorbid conduct disorder in the child. We discussed the importance of screening for parental psychopathology in clinical practice.

Terapia ocupacional en inclusión laboral: experiencias a nivel local / Occupational therapy in work inclusion: local experiences

El presente estudio exploratorio tiene como objetivo analizar la implementación de dos proyectos de SENADIS para la inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad (CCR Integral y Proyecto Piloto de Profesionales de Apoyo) en base al relato de Terapeutas Ocupacionales que ejecutaron dichos proyectos en los municipios de Conchalí, Huechuraba, Independencia, La Pintana y Peñalolén entre los años 2011- 2013, contribuyendo a la generación de conocimiento en lo que respecta a políticas públicas de inclusión laboral para personas con discapacidad. Este estudio es de tipo cualitativo y está diseñado en base a la Teoría Fundamentada. La recolección de datos se realizó a través del diseño de una entrevista semi estructurada a las Terapeutas Ocupacionales ejecutoras y a los encargados de dichos proyectos en SENADIS. Las entrevistas abarcaron desde aspectos operativos de la ejecución de los proyectos, hasta refexiones personales en torno a la experiencia. Se identifcan como aspectos signifcativos las siguientes categorías: proceso de implementación de los proyectos en los Municipios, constitución del cargo de las Terapeutas Ocupacionales, equipo de trabajo, factores que facilitaron la implementación de los proyectos, factores que difcultaron la implementación de los proyectos y refexión de las Terapeutas Ocupacionales acerca de la experiencia. La presente investigación se centra en conocer el proceso de implementación de políticas públicas de inclusión laboral a nivel municipal, a partir de la experiencia de Terapeutas Ocupacionales ejecutoras de los proyectos ejecutados.

The aim of this exploratory study is to analyze the execution of two projects proposed by SENADIS for work inclusion, based on the Occupational Therapists report who participated in the execution of both projects in the local councils of: Conchalí, Huechuraba, Independencia, La Pintana and Peñalolén between 2011 and 2013, promoting the knowledge generation related to public policies of work inclusion. This qualitative study is based on Founded Theory. The data recollection was done through semi structured interviews to the Occupational Therapists and two SENADIS professionals in charge of both projects. The interviews included operative aspects like the execution of both projects and also personal thoughts about the experience. The next categories were considered meaningful for the study: The interviewed, execution process of both projects in local councils, Occupational Therapist’s position in both projects, work team, factors that collaborated in the execution, factors that interrupted the execution and personal thoughts about the experience. This study is to recognize the execution process of public policies in work inclusion, generating discussions from the Occupational Therapists experience that executed both projects.

[Evaluation of financial status of public hospitals considering the updated costs of their services]. / Evaluando la situación financiera de los hospitales públicos a partir de los costos actualizados de sus prestaciones.

In 2011 the Chilean National Health Fund (FONASA) commissioned a study to assess the costs of the 120 most relevant hospital care services with an established fee, in a large sample of public hospitals. We herein report the cost evaluation results of such study, considering the financial condition of those hospitals in the year of the study. Based on the premise that the expenses derived from the provision of institutional and appraised hospital services should be identical to the billing of hospitals to FONASA, the prices are undervalued, since they cover only 56% of billing, generating a gap between expenses and invoicing. This gap shows an important limitation of tariffs, since their prices do not cover the real costs. However not all hospitals behave in the same way. While the provision of services of some hospitals is even higher than their billing, most hospitals do not completely justify their invoicing. These assumptions would imply that, generally speaking, hospital debts are justified by the costs incurred. However, hospitals have heterogeneous financial situations that need to be analyzed carefully. In particular, nothing can be said about their relative efficiency if cost estimations are not adjusted by the complexity of patients attended and comparison groups are not defined.

Evaluando la situación financiera de los hospitales públicos a partir de los costos actualizados de sus prestaciones / Evaluation of financial status of public hospitals considering the updated costs of their services

In 2011 the Chilean National Health Fund (FONASA) commissioned a study to assess the costs of the 120 most relevant hospital care services with an established fee, in a large sample of public hospitals. We herein report the cost evaluation results of such study, considering the financial condition of those hospitals in the year of the study. Based on the premise that the expenses derived from the provision of institutional and appraised hospital services should be identical to the billing of hospitals to FONASA, the prices are undervalued, since they cover only 56% of billing, generating a gap between expenses and invoicing. This gap shows an important limitation of tariffs, since their prices do not cover the real costs. However not all hospitals behave in the same way. While the provision of services of some hospitals is even higher than their billing, most hospitals do not completely justify their invoicing. These assumptions would imply that, generally speaking, hospital debts are justified by the costs incurred. However, hospitals have heterogeneous financial situations that need to be analyzed carefully. In particular, nothing can be said about their relative efficiency if cost estimations are not adjusted by the complexity of patients attended and comparison groups are not defined.

Xantoma verruciforme asociado a reactivación de virus de Epstein-Barr / Verruciform Xanthoma Associated with Reactivation of Epstein-Barr Virus

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Cutaneous adverse events associated with heparin.

Heparin use is associated with various cutaneous reactions, with the most common being immune-mediated skin lesions and bleeding complications. In this review, we compile the dermatological side-effects of heparin reported in the literature, and provide a clear approach to their adequate management.

Bilateral segmental neurofibromatosis diagnosed during pregnancy.

Bilateral segmental neurofibromatosis is a rare subtype of neurofibromatosis type 1 defined by lesions affecting a single segment of the body and crossing the midline, with no systemic involvement. We present a case diagnosed during pregnancy because of the characteristic increase in size of the lesions during this period.

Development of the olfactory system in turbot (Psetta maxima L.).

We have examined the histogenesis of the olfactory system during turbot development using histological and immunohistochemical methods. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry was used to detect dividing cells, whereas calretinin (CR) immunohistochemistry was used to distinguish some neuronal components of the olfactory system. Around hatching, the olfactory placode of embryos transforms into an olfactory pit, which enlarges progressively during development. In metamorphic turbots, the right olfactory organ moves to the tip of the head. Each olfactory chamber opens to the external medium by two nostrils and accessory nasal sacs develop during metamorphosis. The order of birth of olfactory receptor cells in the sensory epithelium follows the pattern of most teleosts: ciliated cells differentiate prior to microvillous cells in turbot larvae, and crypt cells are generated during metamorphosis. Axons of olfactory sensory neurons reach the rostral forebrain by hatching, and calretinin-immunoreactive (CR-ir) glomerular fields were apparent during the subsequent larval development. During metamorphosis olfactory bulbs become strongly distorted by head torsion and glomeruli acquire asymmetric organization. The spatio-temporal course of proliferation in the olfactory system reveals changes in the distribution of dividing cells in the sensory epithelium throughout the developmental period investigated. In the olfactory bulb, proliferative activity becomes restricted to the ventral periventricular zone in turbot larvae, as well as in metamorphic specimens.