Glioblastoma Treatment: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives.

(1) Background: Glioblastoma is the most frequent and lethal primary tumor of the central nervous system. Through many years, research has brought various advances in glioblastoma treatment. At this time, glioblastoma management is based on maximal safe surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy with temozolomide. Recently, bevacizumab has been added to the treatment arsenal for the recurrent scenario. Nevertheless, patients with glioblastoma still have a poor prognosis. Therefore, many efforts are being made in different clinical research areas to find a new alternative to improve overall survival, free-progression survival, and life quality in glioblastoma patients. (2) Methods: Our objective is to recap the actual state-of-the-art in glioblastoma treatment, resume the actual research and future perspectives on immunotherapy, as well as the new synthetic molecules and natural compounds that represent potential future therapies at preclinical stages. (3) Conclusions: Despite the great efforts in therapeutic research, glioblastoma management has suffered minimal changes, and the prognosis remains poor. Combined therapeutic strategies and delivery methods, including immunotherapy, synthetic molecules, natural compounds, and glioblastoma stem cell inhibition, may potentiate the standard of care therapy and represent the next step in glioblastoma management research.

Chronic Morbidity in Patients with Endometrial Cancer who Received Adjuvant Radiotherapy.

Background Endometrial cancer is the second gynecological neoplasm in our country. The standard treatment is surgery, followed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy according to the stage. Aim The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and type of chronic morbidity in patients with high to intermediate risk of endometrial cancer according to European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2016, treated with radiotherapy in its modality of external beam radiation therapy and/or brachytherapy in the Oncology Hospital of National Medical Center XXI Century from 2012 to 2016. Methods This is a longitudinal, observational, retrospective study of 37 patients diagnosed with high to intermediate risk of endometrial cancer, who received external beam radiation therapy and/or high-rate brachytherapy and follow-up in the unit. Results Up to 87% of the patients, who met the criteria of high to intermediate risk, received adjuvant treatment with radiotherapy; 44% brachytherapy, 43% teletherapy, and 13% of patients did not receive adjuvant treatment. Seventy percent presented toxicity associated with radiotherapy, with 65% of the cases being grade 1 and 2 and 5% of cases grade 3; there was no grade 4 toxicity. Regarding the site, the digestive tube occupied the first place with 38% of the cases. The univariate and multivariate analyses showed that age over 65 years is the only factor with statistical significance to develop chronic morbidity. Conclusion Age >65 years is the independent risk factor associated with the development of chronic toxicity.