Consumption of foods with voluntary fortification of micronutrients in southern Brazil: prevalence and associated factors.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the consumption of foods with voluntary fortification of vitamins and minerals (FVFVM) according to demographic, socio-economic and health characteristics. DESIGN: A cross-sectional population-based study. SETTING: The investigated food groups were selected in two stages according to availability of food in the local market and prevalence of food consumption in a recent national survey. The research instruments included a questionnaire and a photographic catalogue. The FVFVM consumption covered a period of one week prior to the interview date. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata 12·0 statistical software package, considering the design effect and a hierarchical model. A multinomial logistic regression was applied to estimate the prevalence ratios. All tests were two-tailed, with a 5·0 % significance level. SUBJECTS: Adults (≥20 years old) living in a southern city of Brazil. RESULTS: Between February and June 2012, 2925 individuals were interviewed. Losses and refusals corresponded to 13·4 % of the sample. The overall prevalence of FVFVM consumption was 73·3 (95 % CI 71·7, 75·9) %. The total number of FVFVM reported exhibited a distribution with a median of two and a maximum of fifteen, inflated by the FVFVM categorized in the 'juice' group. The micronutrients most consumed were vitamin C, followed by Fe and thiamin. Young adults, females, those of higher socio-economic status and those who perceived their health positively were more likely to consume FVFVM. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of FVFVM consumption in southern Brazil, occurring concurrently with the decline in consumption of unprocessed and minimally processed foods, and the way voluntary fortification is being employed trigger a warning sign to primary prevention.

Aspectos emocionais vivenciados por pacientes portadores de tuberculose / Emotional aspets lived by patientes with tuberculosis / Aspectos emocionales vividos por pacientes portadores de tuberculosis

o presente trabalho buscou estudar, numa abordagem qualitativa, as emoções vivenciadas por pacientes portadores de tuberculose para entender as sentimentos que acometem o indivíduo nesse processo. O objetivo é investigar o tipo de sentimento do paciente quando descobre que esta com a doença e descrever como ele lida com a preconceito, a doença e o tratamento. Essa investigação foi desenvolvida numa unidade básica de saúdeda cidade de Santos (SP), com 9 pacientes matriculados de ambos os sexos. As informações do sexo feminino tinham entre 25 e 34 anos de idade e eram 3; as do sexo masculino eram 6 e tinham entre 20 e 35 anos de idade. Entre todos, 6 eram casados e tinham filhos, 8 recebiam acima de 2 salários mínimos e todos completaram ensino médio. A estrutura básica da entrevista constou de uma questão norteadora. Na discussão dos resultados,evidenciou-se a reação frente à doença, de medo e de angústia: medo principalmente pelo preconceito frente à acenação de familiares e de amigos em relação à doença.

This work was to study, in a qualitative approach, the emotions experienced by patients with tuberculosis in order to underst and the feelings that affect them in dealing with this process. The aim was to investigate the kind of feeling they experience when they discover about the disease and describe how they deal with prejudice, disease, and treatment. This research was conducted in a basic health unit of Santos, a small town in Sao Paulo state,with 9 patients registered of both sexes. Females were between 25 and 34 years old and there were 3 of them; there were 6 males aged between 20 and 35 years old. Among them all, six were married with children, 8 made above 2 minimum Brazilian salaries, and all of them had finished high school. The basic structure of the interview consisted of a leading question. The discussion of the results showed fear and anguish as the reaction to the disease; fear was mainly because of the prejudice of family and friends against the disease.

El presente trabajo pretendió estudiar, en un enfoque cualitativo, las emociones vividas por pacientes portadores de tuberculosis, con la finalidad de entender los sentimientos que acometen al individuo en este proceso. Ademas, tiene como objetive investigar el tipo de sentimiento del paciente cuando descubre la enfermedad y describir como administra el prejuicio, enfermedad y tratamiento. Esta investigación fue desarrollada en una Unidad Básica de Salud (UBS) de la cludad de Santos - SP, con nueve pacientes matriculados de ambos sexos, siendo tres informantes mujeres con edades entre 25 y 34 afios y seis hombres entre 20 y 35 arcs. Entre todos, seis son casados y tienen hijos; en el aspecto sócioeconómico, ocho poseen ingresos superiores a dos sueldos mínimos, yen cuanto a la escolarización todos concluyeron la enseñza secundaria. La estructura básica de la encuesta se fundamentó en una cuestión principal. En la discusióon de los resultados se evidenció la reacción frente a la enfermedad, que es de miedo y angustia; el miedo se debe sobre todo al prejuicio frente a la aceptación de los familiares y amigos can relación con la enfermedad.