A Study of Attitudes Toward Teacher-Student Sexual Misconduct Cases Based on Student Age, Student Gender, and Teacher Gender.

Teacher-student sexual misconduct is a serious instance of child sexual abuse that impacts an estimated 10% of students. We tested whether two effects seen in research about these types of cases replicated across online American adult and undergraduate samples: (1) sympathy toward younger students who experience sexual abuse compared to older students and (2) leniency in cases of female teachers engaging with male students compared to other gender dyads. Participants (N = 525) reviewed a mock teacher-student sexual encounter and then answered questions about their views and case-related outcomes. Student age emerged as the most influential factor across all our variables of interest, where cases with younger students were viewed as more egregious than those involving older students. Incidents involving boys who experienced abuse were perceived as more "normal" than those involving girls. We found some support for the idea that there is leniency toward women teachers, but limited support for a female teacher-male student leniency effect. While these cases were viewed to be more normal and acceptable than other gender dyads, there were no effects on the other dependent variables. Sample type effects were also minimal, as our adult sample viewed the teachers involved to be more responsible and student complainants as more credible versus the undergraduate sample.

Impact of preovulatory follicle maturity on oocyte metabolism and embryo development.

Improved oocyte competence for embryo development and pregnancy was observed following ovulation of preovulatory follicles with greater physiological maturity, as indicated by estradiol production, prior to the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-induced luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. It was hypothesized that follicular fluid from preovulatory follicles of greater maturity better supports the maturing oocyte's metabolic requirements and improves embryo development. The objective was to determine if differences in preovulatory follicular fluid due to follicle maturity influence oocyte metabolism during in vitro maturation (IVM) and affect embryo development. Bovine preovulatory follicular fluid was collected 18 h after a GnRH-induced LH surge. Serum estradiol concentration at GnRH administration categorized follicles as greater or lesser maturity. Immature bovine oocytes were submitted to 24 h IVM in medium supplemented with 20% follicular fluid from preovulatory follicles of greater or lesser maturity. Embryo development was recorded. Oocyte maturation media and media conditioned by developing embryos were submitted for metabolomics. A randomized block design was utilized to determine differences in embryo development and media metabolites (P ≤ 0.05). Blastocysts from oocytes matured in greater vs. lesser maturity follicular fluid had a more moderate rate of development (P = 0.01). At the conclusion of 24 h IVM, abundance of 66 metabolites differed between greater and lesser follicle maturity treatments. Nine metabolites differed in media conditioned by developing embryos. Metabolome results suggest improved amino acid, purine, and glucose metabolism, followed by a more efficient rate of embryo development, in oocytes matured in greater vs lesser maturity follicular fluid.

Oral cinacalcet administration decreases serum ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations in healthy dogs.

Cinacalcet is an oral calcimimetic that has potential to non-invasively treat primary hyperparathyroidism in dogs (Canis lupis familiaris). There is minimal data assessing its efficacy in dogs. This study aimed to determine whether a single dose of cinacalcet decreases serum ionized calcium (iCa), total calcium (tCa), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations. Twelve dogs received a median dose of 0.49 mg/kg (range 0.30-0.69 mg/kg) cinacalcet per os. Venous blood samples were collected at time 0 (before cinacalcet administration), 3, 8, and 24 h following cinacalcet administration. PTH, iCa, and tCa concentrations were measured at each time point and compared to 0 hour concentrations. A significant (50%) decrease in serum PTH occurred at 3 h with a median PTH of 4.6 pmol/L (range 2.7-10.8) at baseline and 1.65 pmol/L (range 0.5-14.7) at 3 h; p = .005. A significant, but not clinically relevant, decrease in serum iCa from a median baseline of 1.340 mmol/L (range 1.32-1.41) to a 3 h median of 1.325 mmol/L (range 1.26-1.39), p = .043, was also observed. tCa concentrations were not different. This study showed that a single dose of cinacalcet leads to transient decreases in iCa and PTH concentrations in healthy dogs.

Exposure to intimate partner violence alters longitudinal associations between caregiver depressive symptoms and effortful control in children and adolescents.

Adaptation to intimate partner violence (IPV) exposure involves alterations in transdiagnostic processes including effortful control (EC), and yet little attention has been given to the ways such processes interact with family-level factors, such as caregivers' psychopathology. This study used latent change score modeling to compare trajectories of EC and caregivers' depressive (CD) symptoms between children and adolescents (N = 365) ages 7-17 who had witnessed IPV (IPV+; 45.3%) and those who had not (IPV-) across 3 years. Findings suggested that IPV exposure moderated relationships between EC and CD. CD was higher and EC was lower for IPV+ relative to IPV- participants, although there was significant variation around mean-level CD and EC in both groups. CD and EC were only linked for IPV+ participants, where higher baseline CD was associated with lower EC that lagged behind IPV- participants' EC across the 3 years of the study. Rates of change for CD significantly varied for the IPV+ group only, indicating that individual difference factors interacted with IPV exposure to influence changes in CD. These findings inform literature on transdiagnostic adaptation processes and point to the potential utility of interventions to reduce IPV and CD in supporting EC in children and adolescents across contexts.

Risk factors for intimate partner violence victimization across 8 years: Contributions of the posttraumatic stress symptom domains.

OBJECTIVE: Although much remains unknown about what creates risk for women's intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization across time, trauma exposure and mental health are likely contributors. Specifically, posttraumatic stress (PTS) is a risk factor for IPV victimization, yet we know less about the unique contributions of PTS symptom domains to IPV risk. Identification of PTS symptom domains that confer risk for IPV has the potential to inform novel targets of intervention. METHOD: This study follows women with children (N = 118) across 8 years to identify the trauma exposure, mental health, and sociodemographic factors that contribute to IPV victimization risk using longitudinal multilevel modeling. RESULTS: Higher levels of PTS symptoms were associated with initially greater number of IPV victimization acts experienced (i.e., "IPV victimization"). However, across time, women with higher PTS symptoms decreased more quickly in IPV victimization than those with lower PTS symptoms. Higher levels of PTS arousal and reexperiencing were each associated with initially higher levels of IPV victimization. In addition, higher levels of PTS reexperiencing and arousal remained associated with higher levels of IPV victimization across time. Women's age was inversely related to IPV victimization over time only when accounting for the PTS symptom domains. CONCLUSIONS: Findings are that collapsing PTS symptoms into an overall construct may be too imprecise to identify key mechanisms for IPV victimization risk. IPV prevention should prioritize addressing reexperiencing and arousal symptoms to curb future IPV victimization. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Metabolite abundance in bovine preovulatory follicular fluid is influenced by follicle developmental progression post estrous onset in cattle.

Introduction: Preovulatory follicle response to the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge leads to metabolic, molecular, and functional changes in the oocyte and somatic follicular cells from the onset of estrus to ovulation. Follicular fluid contains metabolites, miRNAs, proteins, and hormones that are byproducts of follicular metabolism and support cellular processes of oocyte, cumulus, and granulosa constituents. Numerous studies have highlighted the importance of follicular fluid composition to support fertility, but critical gaps exist toward understanding dynamic modifications in the follicular fluid metabolome from estrous onset to ovulation. The hypothesis was that abundance of follicular fluid metabolites is dependent on follicle progression post LH surge and variability in follicular fluid metabolome profiles indicate key processes required for preparation of the follicle and oocyte for optimal fertility. The objective was to generate preovulatory follicular fluid metabolome profiles and discern differences in the metabolome of preovulatory follicular fluid samples collected at onset of estrus, 11 h post estrous onset, and 18 h post estrous onset. Methods: Estrus was synchronized in non-lactating Jersey cows (n=40) and follicular fluid was collected immediately after the first observed standing mount (hr 0) or at approximately h 11 or 18 after the first standing mount. Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry was performed on preovulatory follicular fluid samples (n = 9 collected at hr 0, 9 at h 11, and 10 at h 18) and a multiple linear model was performed to determine if time post estrous onset impacted metabolite abundance. Results: Metabolites influenced by time post estrous onset were tested for enrichment in KEGG pathways. Ninety metabolites were identified in follicular fluid samples. Twenty metabolites differed in abundance among timepoints post estrous onset (p ≤ 0.05). Pathways corresponding to amino acid and energy metabolism were enriched with metabolites impacted by time post estrous onset (FDR ≤ 0.10). Discussion: Results from the current study indicate early response to the LH surge to increase bioavailability of amino acids and metabolites used by the cumulus and granulosa cells for energy production and shuttled into the oocyte to support meiotic maturation. Such metabolites may later be used by the ovulatory follicle for protein production.

Risk and resilience factors for psychopathology during pregnancy: An application of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP).

Pregnancy is a time of increased vulnerability to psychopathology, yet limited work has investigated the extent to which variation in psychopathology during pregnancy is shared and unshared across syndromes and symptoms. Understanding the structure of psychopathology during pregnancy, including associations with childhood experiences, may elucidate risk and resilience factors that are transdiagnostic and/or specific to particular psychopathology phenotypes. Participants were 292 pregnant individuals assessed using multiple measures of psychopathology. Confirmatory factor analyses found evidence for a structure of psychopathology consistent with the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). A common transdiagnostic factor accounted for most variation in psychopathology, and both adverse and benevolent childhood experiences (ACEs and BCEs) were associated with this transdiagnostic factor. Furthermore, pregnancy-specific anxiety symptoms most closely reflected the dimension of Fear, which may suggest shared variation with manifestations of fear that are not pregnancy-specific. ACEs and BCEs also linked to specific prenatal psychopathology involving thought problems, detachment, and internalizing, externalizing, antagonistic, and antisocial behavior. These findings extend the dimensional and hierarchical HiTOP model to pregnant individuals and show how maternal childhood risk and resilience factors relate to common and specific forms of psychopathology during pregnancy as a period of enhanced vulnerability.

Risk factors of enterococcal bacteriuria in cats: A retrospective study.

Objective: To determine if factors associated with urothelial damage and inflammation, including urinary catheterization, urinary obstruction, and urolithiasis are associated with the presence of enterococcal bacteriuria in cats. Animals: Thirty-one cats with Enterococcus spp. bacteriuria and 31 cats with Escherichia coli bacteriuria. Procedure: A retrospective case-control study with cases and controls identified by records search for Enterococcus spp. (case) and E. coli (control) bacteriuria from August 1, 2014 to July 31, 2019. Cases and controls were balanced with respect to average age. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate and test whether the odds of having Enterococcus spp. bacteriuria (instead of E. coli) were associated with the presence of any characteristic. Results: Urinary catheterization, urinary obstruction, and urolithiasis were not observed more often in Enterococcus cases versus E. coli controls (19% versus 25%, P = 0.543; 19% versus 32%, P = 0.244; and 16% versus 16%, P = 1, respectively). Signs of lower urinary tract disease were significantly less common in Enterococcus cases than in E. coli controls (OR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.83, P = 0.02). Hematuria was significantly less common in cases than controls (P = 0.048). Conclusion: No association was identified between urinary catheterization, urolithiasis, or any other comorbidities (hyperthyroidism, chronic kidney disease) and enterococcal bacteriuria in cats. Clinical relevance: Unlike in humans and dogs, urothelial damage and inflammation caused by factors such as urinary catheterization and urolithiasis may not be the mechanism for enterococcal bacteriuria in cats.

Facteurs de risque de bactériurie à entérocoque chez le chat : une étude rétrospective. Objectif: Déterminer si les facteurs associés aux lésions et à l'inflammation urothéliales, y compris le cathétérisme urinaire, l'obstruction urinaire et les lithiases urinaires, sont associés à la présence de bactériurie à entérocoque chez le chat. Animaux: Trente et un chats avec bactériurie à Enterococcus spp. et 31 chats atteints de bactériurie à Escherichia coli. Procédure: Une étude cas-témoins rétrospective avec des cas et des témoins identifiés par la recherche de dossiers pour bactériurie à Enterococcus spp. (cas) et à E. coli (témoin) du 1er août 2014 au 31 juillet 2019. Les cas et les témoins étaient équilibrés par rapport à l'âge moyen. La régression logistique binaire a été utilisée pour estimer et tester si la probabilité d'avoir une bactériurie à Enterococcus spp. (au lieu d'E. coli) était associée à la présence de n'importe quelle caractéristique. Résultats: Le cathétérisme urinaire, l'obstruction urinaire et la lithiase urinaire n'ont pas été observés plus souvent chez les cas avec Enterococcus spp. par rapport aux témoins avec E. coli (19 % vs 25 %, P = 0,543; 19 % vs 32 %, P = 0,244; et 16 % vs 16 %, P = 1, respectivement). Les signes de maladie des voies urinaires inférieures étaient significativement moins fréquents chez les cas à Enterococcus que chez les témoins à E. coli (OR : 0,30; IC à 95 % : 0,10 à 0,83, P = 0,02). L'hématurie était significativement moins fréquente chez les cas que chez les témoins (P = 0,048). Conclusion: Aucune association n'a été identifiée entre le cathétérisme urinaire, la lithiase urinaire ou toute autre comorbidité (hyperthyroïdie, maladie rénale chronique) et la bactériurie à entérocoque chez le chat. Pertinence clinique: Contrairement aux humains et aux chiens, les lésions urothéliales et l'inflammation causées par des facteurs tels que le cathétérisme urinaire et la lithiase urinaire peuvent ne pas être le mécanisme pour la bactériurie à entérocoque chez les chats.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

Eight-year trajectories of behavior problems and resilience in children exposed to early-life intimate partner violence: The overlapping and distinct effects of individual factors, maternal characteristics, and early intervention.

Childhood exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) can have lasting effects on well-being. Children also display resilience following IPV exposure. Yet, little research has prospectively followed changes in both maladaptive and adaptive outcomes in children who experience IPV in early life. The goal of the current study was to investigate how child factors (irritability), trauma history (severity of IPV exposure), maternal factors (mental health, parenting), and early intervention relate to trajectories of behavior problems (internalizing and externalizing problems) and resilience (prosocial behavior, emotion regulation), over 8 years. One hundred twenty mother-child dyads participated in a community-based randomized controlled trial of an intervention for IPV-exposed children and their mothers. Families completed follow-up assessments 6-8 months (N = 71) and 6-8 years (N = 68) later. Although intention-to-treat analyses did not reveal significant intervention effects, per-protocol analyses suggested that participants receiving an effective dose (eight sessions) of the treatment had fewer internalizing problems over time. Child irritability and maternal parenting were associated with both behavior problems and resilience. Maternal mental health was uniquely associated with child behavior problems, whereas maternal positive parenting was uniquely associated with child resilience. Results support the need for a dyadic perspective on child adjustment following IPV exposure.

Barriers to paediatric penicillin allergy de-labelling in UK secondary care: a regional survey.

BACKGROUND: Incorrect penicillin allergy labels result in the use of inappropriately broad-spectrum antibiotics. De-labelling inaccurate penicillin allergy promotes antimicrobial stewardship and optimises prescribing practices. The objectives were to evaluate paediatric clinicians' knowledge and understanding of penicillin allergy and to identify barriers in tackling incorrect penicillin allergy labels. METHODS: Paediatric clinicians from across the West Midlands of the UK were surveyed using an online, anonymised questionnaire between 1 August and 30 September 2021. Domains explored were (1) approach to penicillin allergy clinical vignettes, (2) knowledge of the impact of penicillin allergy labels, (3) frequency of allergy-focused history questions and (4) barriers in tackling incorrect penicillin allergy. RESULTS: Responses were received from 307 paediatric clinicians across 12 hospitals. Sixty-one per cent would not prescribe a penicillin-based antibiotic if a family history of penicillin allergy was reported. There was an overall deficit in taking an allergy-focused history with only 36.5% inquiring about diagnostic confirmation. Absence, or lack of awareness of a referral pathway for antibiotic allergy evaluation (58.6%) and unfamiliarity of the indications for oral provocation testing (55%) were the most common reported barriers to penicillin allergy de-labelling. Fifty-one per cent would rather 'play it safe' than explore penicillin allergy confirmation as it is felt that alternative treatments were readily available. CONCLUSIONS: The deficiency in antibiotic allergy-focused history among paediatric clinicians highlights the need for better allergy education across all clinical grades. Pragmatic algorithms and clear referral pathways could address barriers faced by non-allergists in de-labelling incorrect penicillin allergy.

Impacts on air dose rates after the Fukushima accident over the North Pacific from 19 March 2011 to 2 September 2015.

A fleet of thirteen in-service global container ships continuously measured the air dose rates over the North Pacific after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) accident. The results showed that the elevated air dose rates over the Port of Tokyo and the FDNPS emissions are significantly correlated (log(emission fluxes) = 54.98 x (air dose rates) (R = 0.95, P-value<0.01), and they are also significantly correlated with the Tsukuba deposition fluxes (log(deposition fluxes) = 0.47 + 30.98 (air dose rates) (R = 0.91, P-value<0.01). These results demonstrate the direct impact of the FDNPS emissions on the depositions of radionuclides and the air dose rates over the Port of Tokyo. Over the North Pacific, the correlation equations are log(emission fluxes) = -2.72 + 202.36 x (air dose rates over the northwestern Pacific) (R = 0.40, P-value<0.01), and log(emission fluxes) = -0.55 + 80.19 x (air dose rates over the northeastern Pacific) (R = 0.29, P-value = 0.0424). These results indicate that the resuspension of the deposited radionuclides have become a dominant source in the transport of radionuclides across the North Pacific. Model simulations show underestimated air dose rates during the periods of 22-25 March 2011 and 27-30 March 2011 indicating the lack of mechanisms, such as the resuspension of radionuclides, in the model.

Acute SGLT-2i treatment improves cardiac efficiency during myocardial ischemia independent of Na+/H+ exchanger-1.

AIMS: Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) demonstrate cardioprotective benefits independent of a glucose lowering effect including preservation of cardiac function during a myocardial ischemia. Sodium­hydrogen exchanger-1 (NHE-1), has been hypothesized to contribute to the cardiac effects of SGLT2i. We characterized the beneficial effects of acute pre-ischemia exposure to SGLT2i and explored the possibility that these effects are explained by NHE-1 inhibition. METHODS AND RESULTS: Swine were anesthetized and instrumented for invasive hemodynamic measurements. After baseline data collection, swine received a 15-30 min intravenous infusion of vehicle (DMSO), the SGLT2i canagliflozin (~1 mg/kg), or the NHE-1 inhibitor cariporide (~0.03 mg/kg) ending immediately prior to occlusion of the left circumflex artery. Measurements were obtained at baseline, during a 60-min complete occlusion of the circumflex coronary artery, and during a 2-h reperfusion period. Blood pressure, heart rate, left anterior descending artery flow, and associated myocardial oxygen consumption were unaffected by acute pre-treatment with canagliflozin or cariporide during ischemia and reperfusion. Acute pre-ischemic treatment with canagliflozin significantly increased diastolic filling and stroke work, producing a rightward shift in the Frank-Starling relationship, and also improved cardiac work efficiency relative to untreated control hearts during ischemia. Effects of NHE-1 inhibition with cariporide were modest and dissimilar. Examination of AP-1 cells transfected with wild-type NHE-1 and iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes confirmed dose-dependent-inhibition of NHE-1 activity by cariporide, while canagliflozin had no significant effect on NHE-1 activity. CONCLUSION: Acute pre-treatment with SGLT2i produces cardioprotective effects during ischemia, including improved work efficiency. These effects are not explained by NHE-1 inhibition. TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE: SGLT2 inhibitors have been shown to improve cardiac outcomes in patient including reducing myocardial infarction incidence and mortality. The mechanism(s) explaining this effect are not clear. This manuscript demonstrates a protective effect from acute SGLT2i exposure, as short as 15 min, prior to experimental infarction in swine. These effects were independent of NHE1 inhibition. These observations suggest that SGLT2 inhibitors can confer cardioprotective effects on a very short time scale. It is possible that such effects provide an ongoing contribution to ischemic protection even in the setting of chronic treatment.

Preovulatory follicular fluid and serum metabolome profiles in lactating beef cows with thin, moderate, and obese body condition.

Extremes in body condition reduce fertility and overall productivity in beef cattle herds, due in part to altered systemic metabolic conditions that influence the intrafollicular and uterine environment. Follicular fluid and serum metabolome profiles are influenced by body composition in women and dairy cattle; however, such information is lacking in beef cattle. We hypothesized that body condition score (BCS)-related alterations in the metabolome of preovulatory follicular fluid and serum may influence oocyte maturation while impacting the oviductal or uterine environment. Therefore, we performed a study with the objective to determine the relationship between BCS and the metabolome of follicular fluid and serum in lactating beef cattle. We synchronized the development of a preovulatory follicle in 130 cows of varying BCS. We collected blood and performed transvaginal follicle aspirations to collect follicular fluid from the preovulatory follicle ~18 h after gonadotropin-releasing hormone administration to stimulate the preovulatory gonadotropin surge. We then selected follicular fluid and serum samples from cows with BCS 4 (Thin; n = 14), BCS 6 (Moderate; n = 18), or BCS >8 (Obese; n = 14) for ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. We identified differences in the follicular fluid or serum of thin, moderate, and obese animals based on multiple linear regression. MetaboAnalyst 5.0 was used for enrichment analysis of significant metabolites. We identified 38 metabolites in follicular fluid and 49 metabolites in serum. There were no significant differences in follicular fluid metabolite content among BCS classifications. There were 5, 22, and 1 serum metabolites differentially abundant between thin-obese, moderate-thin, and moderate-obese classifications, respectively (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.10). These metabolites were enriched in multiple processes including "arginine biosynthesis," "arginine/proline metabolism," and "D-glutamine/D-glutamate metabolism" (FDR < 0.04). Pathways enriched with serum metabolites associated with BCS indicate potentially increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in serum of thin cows. ROS crossing the blood follicular barrier may negatively impact the oocyte during oocyte maturation and contribute to the reduced pregnancy rates observed in thin beef cows.

Extremes in body condition affect fertility and pregnancy outcomes in beef cows. Much research has been done in women and dairy cows to evaluate body condition's effect on oocyte and embryo quality, pregnancy rates, and pregnancy outcomes. However, little work of this type has been done in beef cows and most studies do not focus on the preovulatory time period. The preovulatory time period is an essential time for the oocyte, as final stages of prematuration and the completion of oocyte maturation take place in the peri-ovulatory follicle. The follicular fluid provides the microenvironment for oocyte maturation and exchanges substances with maternal circulation at the blood follicular barrier. Alterations in maternal circulation due to extremes in body condition may pass into the follicular fluid and affect the oocyte during the preovulatory time period. Such conditions may contribute to the reduced fertility seen in beef cows with extreme body condition.

Fatal melanoma with a novel MYO5A-BRAF fusion and small associated conventional nevus: A case report and review of literature.

Kinase fusions play an important role in the pathogenesis of Spitz neoplasms and occasionally non-Spitz neoplasms. We report a case of a 19-year-old woman with a growing nodule on the scalp, morphologically consistent with a diagnosis of melanoma with epithelioid features arising in association with small nevus. This tumor aggressively metastasized and failed to respond to immunotherapy. Next-generation sequencing of a metastatic focus revealed an MYO5A-BRAF kinase fusion with a low mutational burden and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of the primary melanoma showed similar results. FISH testing of the associated nevus failed because of technical reasons. MYO5A has rarely been reported as the fusion partner with BRAF-rearranged melanocytic tumors. Moreover, this case raises speculations and contributes to the growing literature on the pathogenesis, nomenclature, and tumorigenic pathways in kinase-fusion melanomas. The patient succumbed to disease, which is in concordance with some literature suggesting aggressive behavior of BRAF fusion melanomas with TERT promoter mutations.

Longitudinal Correlates of Maternal Involvement and Spanking in Spanish-speaking Latinas Who Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence.

Mothers experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) have been found to have negative long-term parenting outcomes, such as reduced maternal involvement and greater use of physical punishment, which represent potential pathways by which IPV negatively affects children. Factors influencing these parenting practices have not been examined in IPV-exposed Latinas. The aim of this study is to understand the factors that affect maternal involvement and spanking by Latinas to contribute to culturally-informed intervention development and refinement. A total of 93 Spanish-speaking Latinas who had experienced IPV completed standardized measures of maternal involvement, spanking, IPV, depression, and posttraumatic stress (PTS) and provided demographic information. Slightly over half of the women participated in an intervention program. Longitudinal multilevel modeling (MLM) demonstrated that higher levels of maternal depression predicted lower levels of involvement over time. PTS reexperiencing symptoms were positively related to involvement, such that mothers with higher levels of reexperiencing reported higher levels of involvement. An independent longitudinal MLM revealed that higher amounts of IPV exposure and higher levels of PTS arousal symptoms were associated with higher levels of spanking, while maternal employment was associated with lower levels of this same parenting behavior. Maternal involvement increased over time, where there was no significant change in spanking over time, and no effect of the intervention program on either parenting practice. Results suggest clinical interventions should target reductions in depression and specific PTS symptom subdomains as pathways to improving parenting in IPV-exposed Latinas. Continued study is needed to understand the relationship between reexperiencing and maternal involvement.

Hospitalisation costs associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF): a systematic review.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is problematic to treat, with guidelines for HFpEF management concentrated on treating prevalent comorbidities. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the economic burden of hospitalisation for HFpEF. We conducted a systematic literature search from 2001, when HFpEF was first identified as an isolated diagnosis, up to July 1, 2020. Databases searched include PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, EBSCO, National Health Service Economic Evaluation and the National Bureau of Economic Research. The primary outcome measure was hospitalisation costs related to HFpEF. A comprehensive search of the literature produced a total of 243 possible studies. A total of nine studies, six from the U.S., met inclusion criteria and were included in this review. All results are presented in United States Dollars (US$) for the financial year 2019. Costs of index (the first) hospitalisation ranged from mean US$8340 up to US$11,366 per admission and increased up to US$31,493 for those with comorbidities. Two studies reported 1-year costs, and these were US$27,174 and US$26,343, respectively. Hospitalisation accounts for approximately 80% of total costs of HFpEF treatment. The results of this systematic review reveal that published costs of HFpEF hospitalisation are limited to nine studies from a comprehensive database search. The costs of an initial HF hospitalisation are significant, and these costs increase when a person with HFpEF presents with comorbidities or other complications.

Preschoolers' Intimate Partner Violence Exposure and Their Speeded Control Abilities Eight Years Later: A Longitudinal Mediation Analysis.

Executive functioning (EF), or a set of related cognitive skills that facilitate goal-oriented behavior, is a critical aspect of adaptive development. Mounting research indicates that exposure to environmental threats during the preschool years jeopardizes EF; however, the extent and mechanisms through which early exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) influences children's EF are unknown. Using data from an eight-year longitudinal investigation of mothers who had experienced IPV and their preschool-aged children (N = 120), this study examined the relative influence of recent and remote IPV exposure on speeded control-a component of EF influenced by processing speed-in late childhood. Results indicated that preschoolers' IPV exposure had a significant negative impact on their speeded control eight years later, and this relation was mediated by the remote effects of IPV on their mothers. Specifically, IPV was positively associated with maternal depression, which in turn contributed to greater use of negative parenting strategies when children were of preschool age. Children's IPV exposure during late childhood was not predictive of their concurrent speeded control. These findings lend further evidence to the notion that the preschool years are a sensitive period for the mastery of EF skills and that IPV exposure is a distinct risk factor that can have protracted effects on children's cognitive development. Further, this study points to modifiable environmental risk factors, which, through targeted prevention and intervention efforts, could promote EF across the lifespan.

Predictors of Intimate Partner Violence Victimization by Multiple Partners Over a Period of 8 Years.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive social issue with broad physical and mental health implications. Although 35%-56% of women report IPV victimization with more than one violent partner, few studies have identified factors that increase the risk of experiencing IPV across multiple partners (i.e., IPV reengagement). In the current study, multilevel modeling was used to examine the roles of trauma exposure, mental health, and sociodemographic factors in the risk for reengagement in a sample of women (N = 120) with IPV victimization. Participants were drawn from a randomized control trial of an intervention for mothers who had experienced IPV. The results revealed that more psychological but less sexual IPV was associated with increased reengagement. Higher degrees of posttraumatic reexperiencing symptoms were associated with less reengagement. Depressive symptoms were also significantly associated with reengagement such that lower levels of positive affect and increased somatic symptoms were associated with increased reengagement. Higher income levels and less housing instability were associated with more reengagement, ßrange = -.13-.16. Finally, compared to the control condition, participation in the intervention program was significantly associated with lower levels of reengagement at 8-year follow-up, ß = -.75, p = .001. These findings suggest that it is not what happened (i.e., experiences of abuse) but rather a woman's posttraumatic experience (i.e., posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms) that creates risk for reengagement. The findings support the long-term effectiveness of a brief intervention in reducing reengagement.

Severe hypertriglyceridemia following sirolimus use in an infant.

Inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin function to downregulate cell growth and proliferation and have off-label use in pediatrics for vascular malformations. Hypertriglyceridemia is a known side effect of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. Further studies to better understand the incidence and treatment of hypertriglyceridemia in infants and neonates are warranted.

Investigating the effects of the Moms' Empowerment Program on 8-year traumatic stress symptom trajectories in women with histories of IPV.

OBJECTIVE: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pressing issue, affecting nearly one-third of women in the U.S. over their lifetimes, and has been linked with a number of deleterious outcomes, including the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although IPV is often chronic, few studies have prospectively examined trajectories of PTSD symptoms (PTSS) in this population. The goal of the present study was to assess the effects of the Moms' Empowerment Program-an IPV-specific intervention; as well as trauma exposure, domestic violence (DV) shelter use, and depression symptoms on PTSS trajectories in women with histories of IPV. METHOD: Data were drawn from a sample of 118 women who participated in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an intervention specifically designed for women and children experiencing IPV. Sixty-seven women from the original sample completed an assessment 8 years following the conclusion of the intervention. RESULTS: On average, women's PTSS decreased over time. Intervention group assignment did not affect these trajectories; however, women who attended more sessions had significantly fewer PTSS at the 8-year follow-up. Greater IPV exposure, higher depression symptoms, and shelter use were all associated with higher PTSS over time, with some variation across PTSS subdomains. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide preliminary evidence that brief intervention may have long-term effects. They also demonstrate how addressing ongoing IPV and concurrent symptoms of depression is likely an essential component of treating PTSS in this population. Finally, these results underscore the need for more research on relations between formal DV services and mental health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).