3D shapes of aryl(dihydro)naphthothiophenes: a comprehensive and structural study.

Convenient access to new aryl(dihydro)naphthothiophenes is described using a common ß-chloroacrolein derivative. Our strategy is based on the construction of a condensed thiophene ring prior to a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and allowed installing various substituents at the molecular platform. The overall shapes of these architectures were confirmed by X-ray analyses and were in good agreement with theoretical calculations. It has been established that the relative orientation between all fragments that composed molecules within this series is strongly related to both steric and electronic factors. Contribution of these key parameters revealed to be crucial to rationalize attempts to prepare fluorenone and fluorene derivatives from aryl(dihydro)naphthothiophene platforms.

Tolerance, safety and efficacy of Hedera helix extract in inflammatory bronchial diseases under clinical practice conditions: a prospective, open, multicentre postmarketing study in 9657 patients.

In this postmarketing study 9657 patients (5181 children) with bronchitis (acute or chronic bronchial inflammatory disease) were treated with a syrup containing dried ivy leaf extract. After 7 days of therapy, 95% of the patients showed improvement or healing of their symptoms. The safety of the therapy was very good with an overall incidence of adverse events of 2.1% (mainly gastrointestinal disorders with 1.5%). In those patients who got concomitant medication as well, it could be shown that the additional application of antibiotics had no benefit respective to efficacy but did increase the relative risk for the occurrence of side effects by 26%. In conclusion, it is to say that the dried ivy leaf extract is effective and well tolerated in patients with bronchitis. In view of the large population considered, future analyses should approach specific issues concerning therapy by age group, concomitant therapy and baseline conditions.

Tuneable electrochemical interactions between polystyrenes with anthracenyl and tetrathiafulvalenyl sidechains.

Polymer 4 and its monomeric counterpart 3 exhibit electrochemically tuneable interactions with anthracene polymer 2 and a structurally similar monomer 1 and seen by the variation of the oxidation waves of TTF groups and the fluorescence of the anthracene.

Brevites on the problems of filariasis

"Filariasis" in the ordinary sense of the term, is not a "surgical" disease. Investigations in these fields, to escape fallacy, which can only lead to utter chaos, must be carried with the meticulous care to detail that has existed, and served us very well, in the past. Surgical data, though by no means entirely to be excluded, yet, to be really efficacious, should march hand in hand with post mortem observations, and those of clinical laboratory. Theorising, though very sound in its own sphere, should be ever subservient to previously proven facts. That "age incidence", in view of the findings Anderson, etc. and the relation of puberty to Filarial infestation (Romiti) mean simply this; that the longer we live in a filaria infested country, the greater the chance we have of aquiring the disease. The fallacious "decline" due to senility, and shown by statistics (Romiti) means only this that many are eventually infected, some at an early stage of their lives and the minority never (Summary)