Evaluating N-Glycosylation of a Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody Using UHPLC-FLR-MS with RapiFluor-MS Labeling.

Released N-glycan analysis using the fluorescent label 2-AB (2-aminobenzamide) has been the "gold standard" method for released glycan analysis for several years. The more recent RapiFluor-MS™ labeling technique, however, offers enhanced mass spectrometric detection of released N-glycans, improving the sensitivity and detection limits of the method. The optimized multidimensional detection offers increased confidence in glycan identification which can be further supported by an exoglycosidase digestion array (optional). Here we describe the PNGase F release of N-glycans from a typical IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) with subsequent labeling with RapiFluor-MS™ for detection by HILIC-FLR-MS. The method output quantifies the relative proportion of each glycan species including core afucosylation, sialylation, and high-mannose content, and has a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01% relative abundance.

Field Evaluation of Deltamethrin and Ivermectin Applications to Cattle on Culicoides Host-Alighting, Blood-Feeding, and Emergence.

The impact of topical applications of deltamethrin and ivermectin to cattle on Culicoides spp. landing and blood-feeding was studied in this work using sticky traps mounted on Friesian heifers' backs. There was no effect of the insecticides on total numbers of Culicoides trapped or the proportion engorged. Deltamethrin and ivermectin treatment did not prevent blood-feeding on these animals. Deltamethrin did result in significant Culicoides mortality as evidenced by the numbers of dead midges combed from heifers' upper flanks. The proximity of engorged midges on traps to dead midges in the hair suggests that blood-feeding took place despite midges receiving an ultimately lethal dose of deltamethrin. Ivermectin application resulted in a smaller proportion of nulliparous than parous females caught. There was no significant effect of ivermectin on the numbers of Culicoides that emerged from dung samples (but p was small at 0.095 for the Obsoletus group Culicoides). In cases of suspect animal imports, pour-on or spray applications of deltamethrin could reduce the risk of onward transmission of bluetongue virus.

Black Border Increases Stomoxys calcitrans Catch on White Sticky Traps.

Stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, is a biting fly that can cause severe irritation to livestock resulting in reduced productivity. The most common method of monitoring S. calcitrans is through the use of sticky traps and many designs have been developed using different colours and materials such as alsynite fibreglass and polypropylene sheeting. Laboratory experiments and some field experimentation have demonstrated that colour contrast can attract S. calcitrans. However, this response has not been fully utilised in trap design. To test that simple colour contrast could increase trap efficacy, white sticky traps were mounted on three differently coloured backgrounds (white, yellow, and black) and positioned at five sites on a mixed livestock farm. White sticky traps on a black background caught significantly more S. calcitrans than the yellow or white backgrounds. An incidental result was that Pollenia sp. were caught in greater numbers on the yellow framed traps. The reasons for S. calcitrans attraction to black-white contrast are most likely due to conspicuousness in the environment although the extent to which flies are using this feature as a host-location cue or a perching site are unknown.