Fat-free mass predictive equation using bioelectrical impedance and maturity offset in adolescent athletes: Development and cross-validation.

OBJECTIVES: This is a cross-sectional study, aimed to develop and cross-validate a fat-free mass (FFM) predictive equation using single-frequency bioelectrical impedance (BIA), considering the predicted age at peak height velocity (PHV) as a variable. Additionally, the study aims to test the FFM-BIA obtained using a previous predictive equation that used skeletal maturity as a variable. METHOD: The participants (n = 169 male adolescent athletes) were randomly divided into two groups: development of a new predictive equation (n = 113), and cross-validation (n = 56). The concordance test between the FFM values obtained by Koury et al. predictive equation and DXA data was determined (n = 169). Bioelectrical data was obtained using a single-frequency analyzer. RESULTS: Among the models tested, the new predictive equation has resistance index (height2/resistance) and predictive age at PHV as variables and presented R2 = 0.918. The frequency of maturity status using skeletal maturity and PHV diagnosis was inadequate (Kappa = 0.4257; 95%CI = 0.298-0.553). Bland-Altman plots and concordance correlation coefficient showed substantial concordance between the FFM-DXA values (48.8 ± 11.2 kg) and the new predictive equation (CCC = 0.960). The results showed that the new equation performed better than the equation developed by Koury et al. (CCC = 0.901). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that it is feasible to predict FFM in male adolescent athletes using predictive age at PHV, with moderate concordance. The calculation of FFM using more economical and less complex variables is viable and should be further explored.

Development of a quantitative NS1 antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Zika virus detection using a novel virus-specific mAb.

Viruses from the Flaviviridae family, such as Dengue virus (DENV), Yellow fever virus (YFV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) are notorious global public health problems. ZIKV emergence in Polynesia and the Americas from 2013 to 2016 raised concerns as new distinguishing features set it apart from previous outbreaks, including its association with neurological complications and heightened disease severity. Virus detection is impaired as cross-reactivity to other closely related orthoflaviviruses is common among commercially available diagnostic kits. While non-structural protein 1 (NS1) has been used as an early marker of DENV and West Nile virus (WNV) infection, little is known about NS1 expression during ZIKV infection. In the present work, we developed a NS1 capture ELISA using a novel ZIKV-specific monoclonal antibody to study NS1 expression dynamics in vitro in mosquito and human cell lines. While detectable in culture supernatants, higher concentrations of NS1 were predominantly cell-associated. To our knowledge, this is the first report of NS1 detection in human cells despite viral clearance over time. Tests with human samples need to be conducted to validate the applicability of NS1 detection for diagnosis, but overall, the tools developed in this work are promising for specific detection of acute ZIKV infection.

Development of an anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody panel and its applicability as a reagent in high-throughput fluorescence reduction neutralization and immunohistochemistry assays.

Since its emergence in late 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused millions of deaths and socioeconomic losses. Although vaccination significantly reduced disease mortality, it has been shown that protection wanes over time, and that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) may escape vaccine-derived immunity. Therefore, serological studies are necessary to assess protection in the population and guide vaccine regimens. A common measure of protective immunity is the presence of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs). However, the gold standard for measuring nAbs (plaque reduction neutralization test, or PRNT) is laborious and time-consuming, limiting its large-scale applicability. We developed a high-throughput fluorescence reduction neutralization assay (FRNA) to detect SARS-CoV-2 nAbs. Because the assay relies on immunostaining, we developed and characterized monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to lower costs and reduce the assay's vulnerability to reagent shortages. Using samples of individuals vaccinated with COVID-19 and unvaccinated/pre-pandemic samples, we showed that FRNA results using commercial and in-house mAbs strongly correlated with those of the PRNT method while providing results in 70% less time. In addition to providing a fast, reliable, and high-throughput alternative for measuring nAbs, the FRNA can be easily customized to assess SARS-CoV-2 VOCs. Additionally, the mAb we produced was able to detect SARS-CoV-2 in pulmonary tissues by immunohistochemistry assays.

Perspectivas do uso de extratos de plantas amazônicas (açaí, copaíba, salva-do-marajó, pupunha e bacuri) como potenciais moduladores da fermentação ruminal: um breve panorama / Perspectives on the use of extracts from Amazonian plants and fruits (açai, copaiba, salva-do-marajo, pupunha and bacuri) as potential modulators of ruminal fermentation: a brief overview / Perspectivas del uso de extractos de plantas y frutos amazónicos (açaí, copaíba, salva-do-marajó, pupunha y bacuri) como potenciales moduladores de la fermentación ruminal: un breve panorama

Resumo Na flora amazônica, incontáveis plantas possuem compostos bioativos, que potencialmente podem ser utilizados como moduladores da fermentação ruminal. Apesar da importância, poucos estudos têm sido desenvolvidos para avaliar a utilização de plantas amazônicas como aditivos alimentares naturais na nutrição de ruminantes. Assim, objetiva-se apresentar um panorama dos dados científicos da literatura sobre os efeitos do uso dos extratos de açaí, copaíba, salva-do-marajó, pupunha e bacuri na fermentação ruminal e os seus potenciais de utilização na dieta de ruminantes. O açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), possui 16,08 mg/g de matéria seca de flavonoides, compostos com potente ação antimicrobiana. Estudos com suplementação do óleo de açaí tem mostrado efeitos modulatórios na fermentação ruminal e na produção de leite de ovelhas e vacas. Adicionalmente, a oleoresina de copaíba (Copaifera spp.) e a manteiga das sementes de bacuri (Platonia insignis Mart.), possuem, respectivamente, 88% e 41% de terpenos; a composição fitoquímica do óleo de salva-do-marajó (Hyptis crenata Pohl ex Benth) ainda não está completamente caracterizada, mas esta fonte está majoritariamente composta por terpenos cânfora (33,62%), 1,8-cineol (19,76%) e α-pineno (15,24%), que apresentam atividade in vitro antimicrobiana, capaz de reduzir a produção total de gás em ambiente ruminal in vitro. A pupunha, fruto da pupunheira (Bactris gasipaes Kunth.), possui 355,95 mg/kg de carotenoides, com efeito antimicrobiano in vitro contra algumas cepas bacterianas. Os achados desta revisão demonstram as potencialidades dos extratos amazônicos na maximização da produção animal, em razão dos possíveis efeitos na modulação da fermentação ruminal, sendo encorajada a realização de estudos adicionais visando uma maior exploração deles. Embora, atualmente, não existam estudos associados aos efeitos do açaí, salva-do-marajó, pupunha e bacuri na fermentação ruminal, pressupõe-se que pela sua composição fitoquímica, poderiam ter um efeito semelhante aos ionóforos na produção de ruminantes.

Abstract In the Amazonian Forest, diverse plants have bioactive compounds, which can potentially be used as modulators of ruminal fermentation. Despite the importance, few studies have been developed to evaluate the use of extracts from Amazonian plants as natural feed additives in ruminant nutrition. Thus, the objective of this study is to present a brief overview of the scientific data in the literature regarding the effects of the use of extracts of açaí, copaíba, sage-do-marajó, peach palm, and bacuri on the ruminal fermentation and their potential for use in the diet of ruminants. Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) has 16.08 mg/g of dry matter of flavonoids, compounds with potent antimicrobial activity. Studies with açaí oil supplementation have shown modulatory effects on rumen fermentation and milk production in sheep and cows. Additionally, the copaiba oleoresin (Copaifera spp.) and the bacuri (Platonia insignis Mart.) seed butter have 88% and 41% of terpenes, respectively; the phytochemical composition of marajó sage oil (Hyptis crenata Pohl ex Benth) is not completely resolved, but this source is mostly composed of the terpenes, camphor (33.62%), 1,8-cineole (19.76%) and α-pinene (15.24%), which have in vitro antimicrobial effects against different bacterial strains. The findings of this review demonstrate the potential of Amazonian extracts in maximizing animal production, due to the possible effects on the modulation of ruminal fermentation, being encouraged to carry out additional studies aiming at a greater exploration of them. Although, there are no current studies associated with the effects of açaí, sage, peach palm, and bacuri on rumen fermentation, it is inferred that, due to their phytochemical composition, they may have a similar effect to ionophores on ruminant production.

Resumen En la selva amazónica, innumerables plantas poseen compuestos bioactivos, que potencialmente pueden ser utilizados como moduladores de la fermentación ruminal. A pesar de la importancia, han sido desarrollados pocos estudios evaluando el uso de extractos de plantas amazónicas como aditivos alimentarios naturales en la nutrición de rumiantes. Así, el objetivo de este estudio es presentar un breve panorama de los datos científicos en la literatura sobre los efectos del uso de extractos de açaí, copaíba, salvia-do-marajó, chontaduro y bacuri en la fermentación ruminal y su potencial de uso en la dieta de los rumiantes. Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) tiene 16,08 mg/g de materia seca de flavonoides, compuestos con potente acción antimicrobiana. Los estudios con suplementos de aceite de açaí han demostrado efectos moduladores sobre la fermentación ruminal y la producción de leche en ovejas y vacas. Adicionalmente, la oleorresina de copaiba (Copaifera spp.) y la mantequilla de semilla de bacuri (Platonia insignis Mart.) poseen 88% y 41% de terpenos, respectivamente; la composición fitoquímica del aceite de salvia de marajó (Hyptis crenata Pohl ex Benth) no está completamente resuelta, sin embargo esta fuente está mayoritariamente compuesta de los terpenos alcanfor (33,62%), 1,8-cineol (19,76%) y α-pineno (15,24%), los cuales poseen efecto antimicrobiano in vitro frente a diferentes cepas bacterianas. Los hallazgos de esta revisión demuestran el potencial de los extractos amazónicos en la maximización de la producción animal, debido a sus posibles efectos sobre la modulación de la fermentación ruminal, siendo incentivados a realizar estudios adicionales con el objetivo de una mayor exploración de estos. Aunque actualmente no existen estudios asociados a los efectos del açaí, la salvia, el chontaduro y el bacuri en la fermentación ruminal, se supone que, por su composición fitoquímica, podrían tener un efecto similar a los ionóforos en la producción de rumiantes.

Fat-Free Mass Using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis as an Alternative to Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Calculating Energy Availability in Female Adolescent Athletes.

Energy availability (EA) is calculated by subtracting exercise energy expenditure from energy intake, adjusted for fat-free mass (FFM) obtained using accurate methods, such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Unlike DXA, the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is low in cost, simple and easy to carry out. This study aimed to test the concordance between the calculation of EA using FFM values from four BIA predictive equations and FFM obtained using DXA in female adolescent athletes (n = 94), recruited via social media. Paired Student's t test, Wilcoxon test, Lin's concordance correlation coefficient, root mean square error, limits of agreement, and mean absolute percentage error were used to evaluate agreement between the FFM values obtained by the four SF-BIA predictive equations and DXA. Regression linear analysis was used to determine the relation between FFM values obtained using DXA and the BIA predictive equations. Standardized residuals of the FFM and EA were calculated considering DXA values as reference. The most appropriate model for the FFM (limits of agreement = 4.0/-2.6 kg, root mean square error = 1.9 kg, mean absolute percentage error = 4.34%, Lin's concordance correlation coefficient = .926) and EA (limits of agreement = 2.51/4.4 kcal·kg FFM-1·day-1, root mean square error = 1.8 kcal·kg FFM-1·day-1, mean absolute percentage error 4.24%, Lin's concordance correlation coefficient = .992) was the equation with sexual maturity as a variable, while the equation with the greatest age variability was the one with the lowest agreement. FFM-BIA predictive equations can be used to calculate EA of female adolescent athletes. However, the equation should be chosen considering sex, age, and maturation status. In the case of athletes, researchers should use equations developed for this group.

Long-term monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in sewage samples from specific public places and STPs to track COVID-19 spread and identify potential hotspots.

Coronavirus pandemic started in March 2020 and since then has caused millions of deaths worldwide. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) can be used as an epidemiological surveillance tool to track SARS-CoV-2 dissemination and provide warning of COVID-19 outbreaks. Considering that there are public places that could be potential hotspots of infected people that may reflect the local epidemiological situation, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was analyzed by RT-qPCR for approximately 16 months in sewage samples from five public places located in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil: the sewage treatment plant of Confins International Airport (AIR), the main interstate bus terminal (BUS), an upscale shopping centre (SHC1), a popular shopping centre (SHC2) and a university institute (UNI). The results were compared to those of the influent sewage of the two main sewage treatment plants of Belo Horizonte (STP1 and STP2). Viral monitoring in the STPs proved to be an useful regional surveillance tool, reflecting the trends of COVID-19 cases. However, the viral concentrations in the samples from the selected public places were generally much lower than those of the municipal STPs, which may be due to the behaviour of the non-infected or asymptomatic people, who are likely to visit these places relatively more than the symptomatic infected ones. Among these places, the AIR samples presented the highest viral concentrations and concentration peaks were observed previously to local outbreaks. Therefore, airport sewage monitoring can provide an indication of the regional epidemiological situation. For the other places, particularly the UNI, the results suggested a greater potential to detect the infection and trace cases especially among employees and regular attendees. Taken together, the results indicate that for a regular and permanent sentinel sewage surveillance the sewage from STPs, AIR and UNI could be monitored.

Is body image perception and (dis)satisfaction associated with anthropometric profile of older women attending a senior community center?

The study aimed to assess the association between body image perception and (dis)satisfaction and the anthropometric profile of older women. Data from 60 women attending a senior community center were analyzed. Body image perception and (dis)satisfaction were considered dependent variables and were assessed using a silhouette scale constructed for the Brazilian population. The independent variables were body mass (BM), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and calf circumference (CC). The associations were performed by logistic and linear regression models. Half of the participants overestimated their body size and 61.7% were dissatisfied due to excess weight. Overweight older women had 3.6 times higher odds to overestimate body size and 14.4 higher odds to be dissatisfied due to excess weight compared to normal-weight women. The increase in BM, BMI, WC, and CC raised mean difference between perceived and desired BMI and the odds of dissatisfaction due to excess weight. The anthropometric profile was more important to explain (dis)satisfaction than body size perception. The stimulus to changes that provide the adequacy of the anthropometric profile may reduce dissatisfaction due to excess weight among older women.

Current knowledge, challenges, new perspectives of the study, and treatments of Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Over the past 70 years, the understanding of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) improved greatly and is characterized as a heterogeneous neuropsychiatric syndrome. ASD is characterized by difficulties in social communication, restricted and repetitive behavior, interests, or activities. And it is often described as a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. There are many treatments and approaches to ASD, including pharmacological therapies with antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood regulators, stimulants, and behavioral ones. However, no treatment is capable of reverting ASD. This review provides an overview of animal models of autism. We summarized genetic and environmental models and then valproic acid treatment as a useful model for ASD. As well as the main therapies and approaches used in the treatment, relating them to the neurochemical pathways altered in ASD, emphasizing the pharmacological potential of peptides and bioinspired compounds found in animal venoms as a possible future treatment for ASD.

Acquisition of microbiota according to the type of birth: an integrative review.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze scientific evidence regarding the relationship between the type of birth and the microbiota acquired by newborns. METHOD: this integrative review addresses the role of the type of delivery on newborns' microbial colonization. A search was conducted in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online/PubMed and Virtual Health Library databases using the descriptors provided by Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and Health Science Descriptors (DeCS). RESULTS: infants born vaginally presented a greater concentration of Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria, and Lactobacillus in the first days of life and more significant microbial variability in the following weeks. The microbiome of infants born via C-section is similar to the maternal skin and the hospital setting and less diverse, mainly composed of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Clostridium. CONCLUSION: the maternal vaginal microbiota provides newborns with a greater variety of colonizing microorganisms responsible for boosting and preparing the immune system. Vaginal birth is the ideal birth route, and C-sections should only be performed when there are medical indications.

Pirahy virus: Identification of a new and potential emerging arbovirus in South Brazil.

Genomic and epidemiological surveillance are paramount for the discovery of new viruses with the potential to cross species barriers. Here, we present a new member of the genus Alphavirus found in Trichoprosopon and Wyeomia mosquitoes, tentatively named Pirahy virus (PIRAV). PIRAV was isolated from mosquito pools collected in a rural area of Piraí do Sul, South Brazil. In vitro assays revealed that PIRAV replicates and causes cytopathic effects in vertebrate cell lines such as Vero E6, SH-SY5Y, BHK-21 and UMNSAH/DF-1. Genomic signature analysis supports these results showing a dinucleotide and codon usage balance compatible with several hosts. Phylogenetic analyses placed PIRAV basal to the Venezuelan equine encephalitis complex. Genome analyses, electron microscopy, and biological characterization show findings that may alert for the emergence of a new arbovirus in South America.

Acquisition of microbiota according to the type of birth: an integrative review / A microbiota adquirida de acordo com a via de nascimento: uma revisão integrativa / La microbiota adquirida de acuerdo con la vía de nacimiento: una revisión integradora

Objective: to analyze scientific evidence regarding the relationship between the type of birth and the microbiota acquired by newborns. Method: this integrative review addresses the role of the type of delivery on newborns' microbial colonization. A search was conducted in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online/PubMed and Virtual Health Library databases using the descriptors provided by Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and Health Science Descriptors (DeCS). Results: infants born vaginally presented a greater concentration of Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria, and Lactobacillus in the first days of life and more significant microbial variability in the following weeks. The microbiome of infants born via C-section is similar to the maternal skin and the hospital setting and less diverse, mainly composed of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Clostridium. Conclusion: the maternal vaginal microbiota provides newborns with a greater variety of colonizing microorganisms responsible for boosting and preparing the immune system. Vaginal birth is the ideal birth route, and C-sections should only be performed when there are medical indications.

Objective: analisar as evidências científicas existentes na literatura sobre a relação da via de nascimento com a microbiota adquirida pelo recém-nascido. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa sobre a influência da via de nascimento na colonização microbiótica no recém-nascido. Foi realizada uma busca na literatura por meio das bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online/ PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, tendo como estratégia de busca a seleção de artigos baseados nos descritores desenvolvidos com Medical Subject Headings (termos MeSH) ou Descritores em Ciência da Saúde (DeCS). Resultados: os recém-nascidos por via vaginal apresentam nos primeiros dias de vida maior concentração de Bacteroides, Bifidobacterias e Lactobacillus e, com o passar das semanas, mostram maior variabilidade microbiótica. Os recém-nascidos por cesárea apresentam microbioma semelhante ao da pele materna e do ambiente hospitalar e possuem menor diversidade, sendo, principalmente, constituído de Staphylococcus, Streptococcus e Clostridium. Conclusão: a microbiota vaginal materna dispõe de uma maior variedade de microrganismos colonizadores, os quais são responsáveis por auxiliar na capacitação e melhor adequação ao sistema imunológico do recém-nato. Evidencia-se que o parto vaginal é a via ideal, ou seja, a cesariana deve ser realizada apenas quando existem indicações reais.

Objetivo: analizar las evidencias científicas existentes en la literatura sobre la relación de la vía de nacimiento con la microbiota adquirida por el recién nacido. Método: se trata de una revisión integradora sobre la influencia de la vía de nacimiento en la colonización de la microbiota en el recién nacido. Fue realizada una búsqueda en la literatura en las bases de datos Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online/PubMed y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, teniendo como estrategia de búsqueda la selección de artículos basados en los descriptores desarrollados en el Medical Subject Headings (términos MeSH) o Descriptores en Ciencia de la Salud (DeCS). Resultados: los recién nacidos por vía vaginal presentan, en los primeros días de vida, mayor concentración de Bacteroides, Bifidobacterias y Lactobacillus; y, con el pasar de las semanas muestran mayor variabilidad de la microbiota. Los recién nacidos por cesárea presentan microbioma semejante a la piel materna y al ambiente hospitalario, poseyendo menor diversidad y siendo principalmente constituida de Staphylococcus, Streptococcus y Clostridium. Conclusión: la microbiota vaginal materna proporciona al neonato una mayor variedad de microorganismos colonizadores que son responsables por auxiliar en la capacitación y mejor adecuación de su sistema inmunológico. Se evidencia que el parto vaginal es la vía ideal y que la cesárea debe ser realizada apenas cuando existen indicaciones reales.

Comparison of post-anesthesia recovery time in sedated patients for colonoscopy using midazolam or fentanyl associated with propofol / Comparação do tempo de recuperação pós-anestésica em pacientes sedados para colonoscopia usando midazolam ou fentanil associados a propofol

ABSTRACT Objective: Comparison of post-anesthesia recovery time in sedated patients for colonoscopy using two drug combinations: midazolam and propofol or fentanyl and propofol. Method: Fifty patients ASA I and II, from 18 to 65 years of age, candidates for elective colonoscopy under sedation administered by an anesthesiologist, were randomized in two groups: Group A (midazolam and propofol) and Group B (fentanyl and propofol). Each patient was evaluated as for the length of the exam (Exam length), length of stay in the post-anesthesia care unit 1 and 2 (LSPACU1 and LSPACU2) and hospital discharge. Episodes of awakening, and of movement, drop in SpO2 < 90%, need for mechanical ventilation, propofol consumption, heart rate (HR) and mean blood pressure (MBP) were also evaluated. Results: Patients of group B had a recovery time in LSPACU1 statistically shorter than that for those in group A. In both groups, LSPACU1 was considered inversely proportional to LSPACU2. Hospital discharge time was similar between groups. Patients of group B had a significant decrease in MBP during and at the end of the exam, when compared to the initial measurement and that during sedation. Nevertheless, this variation was lower than 20%. No adverse event was observed. All patients were discharged on the same day, with no unexpected hospitalization. Conclusions: The combined use of fentanyl and propofol for colonoscopy sedation had a post-anesthesia recovery time in LSPACU1 shorter than that with the combination of midazolam and propofol. Nevertheless hospital discharge time was similar between groups.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar o tempo de recuperação pós-anestésica de pacientes sedados para colonoscopia usando duas combinações de fármacos: midazolam e propofol ou fentanil e propofol. Método: Cinquenta pacientes ASA I e II, entre 18 e 65 anos, candidatos a colonoscopia eletiva sob sedação administrada por anestesiologista, foram randomizados em dois grupos: Grupo A (midazolam e propofol) e Grupo B (fentanil e propofol). Cada paciente foi avaliado quanto ao tempo de realização do exame (TExame), tempo de permanência na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica 1 e 2 (TSRPA 1 e TSRPA2) e a alta domiciliar. Episódios de despertar, movimentação, queda de SpO2 < 90%, necessidade de assistência ventilatória, consumo de propofol, frequência cardíaca (FC) e pressão arterial média (PAM) também foram avaliados. Resultados: Pacientes do grupo B apresentaram tempo de recuperação na SRPA1 inferior estatisticamente ao grupo A. Em ambos os grupos o TSRPA1 foi considerado inversamente proporcional ao TSRPA2. O tempo de alta domiciliar foi semelhante entre os grupos. Pacientes do grupo B apresentaram redução significativa na PAM no tempos exame e final, em relação ao inicial e sedação. Entretanto, essa variação foi inferior a 20%. Não foram observados eventos adversos. Todos os pacientes evoluíram com alta domiciliar no mesmo dia, sem ocorrência de internação não prevista. Conclusões: O uso combinado de fentanil e propofol para sedação em colonoscopia produziu tempo de recuperação pós-anestésica na SRPA1 inferior a combinação midazolam e propofol. No entanto, o tempo de alta domiciliar foi semelhante entre os grupos.

Tendência da ingestão de frutas e hortaliças por acadêmicas do curso de graduação em nutrição de uma universidade pública nos anos de 1999, 2004 e 2009 / Trends in fruits and vegetables consumption by academic undergraduate nutrition students of a public university in 1999, 2004, 2009

Objetivo: Avaliar o consumo de frutas e hortaliças de acadêmicas do curso de graduação em Nutrição de uma universidade pública ao longo dos anos. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 161 acadêmicas. Os dados foram coletados por meio de registros alimentares, de dois dias da semana e um dia de fim de semana nos anos 1999, 2004 e 2009. O consumo de frutas e hortaliças foi avaliado em gramatura. Resultados: Houve consumo significativamente menor de hortaliças nos fins de semana (30g; 35g; 44g) quando comparado aos dias de semana (49g; 49g; 75g) em todos os anos, porém não houve diferença significativa do consumo de frutas e hortaliças e no consumo dos 3 dias de registro ao longo do tempo. A prevalência de inadequação foi elevada em todos os anos, variando de 66% a 81,5%. O percentual do consumo médio de frutas nos dias de semana (78,5%; 76,8%; 73,1%) foi mais que o dobro do de hortaliças (21,5%; 23,2%; 26,8%) em 1999, 2004 e 2009, assim como nos fins de semana (82,9%; 79,4%; 81,5%) (17,1%; 20,6%; 18,5%), respectivamente. Conclusão: Faz-se necessário implementar intervenção dietética para aumentar o consumo de frutas e hortaliças em universitárias. (AU)

Objective: To evaluate fruits and vegetables consumption by undergraduate Nutrition students of a public university, over the years. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study with 161 academic students. Data were collected through food records of two weekdays and one weekend day, from the years of 1999, 2004 and 2009. Fruits and vegetables consumption were evaluated in terms of weight. Results: There was significantly less vegetables consumption on weekends (30g; 35g; 44g) when compared to weekdays (49g; 49g; 75g) in all years, but there was no significant difference in fruits and vegetables consumption and in the consumption of the 3 days of registration over time. The prevalence of inadequacy was high in all years, ranging from 66% to 81.5%. The percentage of fruit mean consumption on weekdays (78.5%; 76.8%; 73.1%) was more than twice that of vegetables (21.5%; 23.2%; 26.8% ) in 1999, 2004 and 2009, as well as on weekends (82.9%; 79.4%; 81.5%) (17.1%; 20.6%; 18.5%), respectively. Conclusion: It is necessary to implement dietary intervention to increase fruits and vegetables consumption of university students. (AU)

Association of body image (dis)satisfaction and perception with food consumption according to the NOVA classification: Pró-Saúde Study.

The literature on body image and food consumption has generally focused on isolated food items, while overlooking the growing role of ultra-processed foods in the overall diet. The objective of this study was to assess the association of body image (dis)satisfaction and perception with food consumption, according to the NOVA classification, which takes into account the extent and purpose of industrial food processing. A silhouette scale developed considering the Brazilian adults' Body Mass Index was used to assess body image (dis)satisfaction and perception. Food consumption was evaluated using a Food Frequency Questionnaire, and its items were categorized into three groups: unprocessed or minimally-processed foods and culinary preparations; processed foods; ultra-processed foods. The association was assessed using linear regression models. A total of 514 of Brazilian university employees were evaluated. Women dissatisfied due to excess weight consumed less unprocessed or minimally-processed foods and culinary preparations (-6.6, 95% CI: -10.7; -2.5) and more ultra-processed foods (3.7, 95% CI: 0.1; 7.2) compared to satisfied. Women that overestimated their body size consumed less unprocessed or minimally-processed food and culinary preparations (-4.2, 95% CI: -7.3; -1.1), compared to those who had not distorted body image. Food consumption appears to be more strongly associated with body image (dis)satisfaction than with perception. An association was established between body image dissatisfaction and unhealthy eating habits. This relation deserves public health attention since it may contribute to the development of chronic diseases and reduce the quality of life and body image assessment could be adopted by nutritionists and other health professionals in their practice.

Evaluation of the diagnostic potential of CD1a immunohistochemistry for visceral leishmaniasis.

Visceral Leishmaniasis is a public health problem caused by protozoans of the genus Leishmania. K39 serological test is commonly used in the initial investigation, with high specificity, but variable sensitivity. Amastigotes can be identified by optical microscopy, however, the differential diagnosis with cellular debris or other intracellular parasites is necessary. Recent studies have raised the possibility of using immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis with labeling of amastigotes by the anti-CD1a antibody. This retrospective study was based on 38 samples from patients with visceral leishmaniasis whose diagnoses were confirmed by myelogram and/or k39 testing, aside from positive (N=13) and negative biopsies (N=25), 2 samples from patients with false positive biopsies for visceral leishmaniasis and 8 samples from patients with histoplasmosis diagnosis. The histological slides were evaluated for the presence of amastigotes and their Modified Ridley Parasitic Index. The samples were submitted to immunohistochemical reactions using the anti-CD1a antibody with MTB1 and O10 clones. Immunohistochemical reactions with MTB1 and O10 clones had low sensitivity in this study. However, all bone marrow samples were previously decalcified with nitric acid which is probably a deleterious treatment for immunohistochemical reactions in this site. Excluding these samples, we obtained 58.33% sensitivity and 100% specificity with the MTB1 clone. Despite the intermediate sensitivity, the immunohistochemistry for the CD1a marker with clone MTB1 can be useful in the differential diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis, helping to discriminate leishmania amastigotes from other pathogens with similar morphology and cellular debris in different samples, except in bone marrow biopsies previously decalcified with nitric acid.

Applicability of Isolates and Fractions of Plant Extracts in Murine Models in Type II Diabetes: A Systematic Review.

Type II diabetes mellitus is one of the most common public health problems worldwide. Its increasing prevalence in several countries and the difficult metabolic control of individuals with the disease justify studying strategies for primary prevention. The population has sought alternative and cheaper ways to treat the disease, including the use of plants considered medicinal by the population. In this study, we carried out a systematic review on the applicability of isolates and fractions of plant extracts in animal models in type II diabetes. A literature search was performed in MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus databases. Studies using other experimental animals (horses, rabbits, and monkeys) and humans as well as articles in Chinese, German, and Russian were excluded. We assessed the quality of the studies included by using the criteria described in the ARRIVE guidelines. In general, the animals that received fractions or isolates presented reduced blood glucose levels, normalization of body weight and plasma insulin levels, and reduced total triglycerides and cholesterol. In addition, we observed wide variation among the analyzed parameters, which hindered comparison between the studies found. In further studies, standardized reports and experimental design would help to establish comparable study groups and advance the overall knowledge, thus facilitating translatability from animal data to human clinical conditions.

Caffeine Attenuates Decreases in Leg Power Without Increased Muscle Damage.

Ribeiro, BG, Morales, AP, Sampaio-Jorge, F, Barth, T, de Oliveira, MBC, Coelho, GMdO, and Leite, TC. Caffeine attenuates decreases in leg power without increased muscle damage. J Strength Cond Res 30(8): 2354-2360, 2016-Caffeine ingestion has been shown to be an effective ergogenic aid in several sports. Caffeine administration may increase exercise capacity, which could lead to a greater degree of muscle damage after exercise. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Six male handball athletes ingested placebo (PLA) or caffeine (CAF) (6 mg·kg body mass) capsules on 2 different occasions. Sixty minutes after ingestion of the capsules, serum CAF levels were evaluated. Thereafter, all participants performed a protocol of vertical jumps (VJs). The protocol consisted of 4 sets of 30 seconds of continuous VJs with 60 seconds of recovery between sets. Blood lactate (LAC) and creatine kinase (CK) levels were determined before and after the protocol. We found significant differences in serum CAF levels between PLA (0.09 ± 0.18 µg·ml) vs. CAF (6.59 ± 4.44 µg·ml) (p < 0.001). Caffeine elicited a 5.23% (p ≤ 0.05) improvement in the leg power compared with PLA. The CAF trial displayed higher LAC (p ≤ 0.05) compared with PLA (6.26 ± 2.01 vs. 4.39 ± 2.42 mmol·L, respectively) after protocol of VJs, whereas no difference in CK was observed between trials (p > 0.05). These results indicate that immediate ingestion of CAF (6 mg·kg body weight) can reduce the level of muscle fatigue and preserve leg power during the test, possibly resulting in increase in LAC. There was no increase in muscle damage, which indicates that immediate administration of (6 mg·kg body weight) CAF is safe. Thus, nutritional interventions with CAF could help athletes withstand a greater physiological overload during high-intensity training sessions. The results of this study would be applicable to sports and activities that require repetitive leg power.

Laparoscopic correction of experimentally induced diaphragmatic rupture in dogs.

PURPOSE: To describe the dog as a model for studying laparoscopic correction of experimental diaphragmatic ruptures. METHODS: Five male dogs were used in this study. Under laparoscopic approach, a defect of 7 cm was created on the left ventral insertion of the diaphragm. Fourteen days after this procedure, the abdomen was explored using laparoscopic access and the diaphragmatic defect was corrected with intracorporeal suture. The dislocated organs, surgical time, and suturing time were recorded. Analgesia and clinical condition were monitored during the postoperative period. RESULTS: All animals recovered well from the diaphragmatic rupture creation. After 14 days, abdominal organs (liver, spleen, omentum and/or intestine) were found inside the thoracic cavity in all animals. It was possible to reposition the organs and suture the defect by laparoscopic access in three animals. These animals showed excellent postoperative recovery. It was not possible to reposition the liver safely when it was friable. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic creation of diaphragmatic rupture in dogs is feasible. Dogs are a good model for training and studying the correction of experimentally created diaphragmatic rupture by the laparoscopic approach. A friable liver is a complicating factor that should be taken into account. Animals submitted to laparoscopic correction showed excellent postoperative recovery.

Laparoscopic correction of experimentally induced diaphragmatic rupture in dogs

PURPOSE:To describe the dog as a model for studying laparoscopic correction of experimental diaphragmatic ruptures.METHODS: Five male dogs were used in this study. Under laparoscopic approach, a defect of 7cm was created on the left ventral insertion of the diaphragm. Fourteen days after this procedure, the abdomen was explored using laparoscopic access and the diaphragmatic defect was corrected with intracorporeal suture. The dislocated organs, surgical time, and suturing time were recorded. Analgesia and clinical condition were monitored during the postoperative period.RESULTS:All animals recovered well from the diaphragmatic rupture creation. After 14 days, abdominal organs (liver, spleen, omentum and/or intestine) were found inside the thoracic cavity in all animals. It was possible to reposition the organs and suture the defect by laparoscopic access in three animals. These animals showed excellent postoperative recovery. It was not possible to reposition the liver safely when it was friable.CONCLUSIONS:Laparoscopic creation of diaphragmatic rupture in dogs is feasible. Dogs are a good model for training and studying the correction of experimentally created diaphragmatic rupture by the laparoscopic approach. A friable liver is a complicating factor that should be taken into account. Animals submitted to laparoscopic correction showed excellent postoperative recovery.

Body composition and Basal metabolic rate in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective. The aim of this study was to determine which of the seven selected equations used to predict basal metabolic rate most accurately estimated the measured basal metabolic rate. Methods. Twenty-eight adult women with type 2 diabetes mellitus participated in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometric and biochemical variables were measured as well as body composition (by absorptiometry dual X-ray emission) and basal metabolic rate (by indirect calorimetry); basal metabolic rate was also estimated by prediction equations. Results. There was a significant difference between the measured and the estimated basal metabolic rate determined by the FAO/WHO/UNU (P value < 0.021) and Huang et al. (P value ≤ 0.005) equations. Conclusion. The calculations using Owen et al's. equation were the closest to the measured basal metabolic rate.