Presumed cytomegalovirus retinitis late after kidney transplant / Retinite presumida por citomegalovírus tardiamente após um transplante renal

Abstract Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is a rare manifestation of CMV invasive disease and potentially threatening to vision in immunocompromised individuals. Clinical suspicion is fundamental since it is an unusual entity with a progressive and often asymptomatic installation over a long period. The authors report a 70-year-old man with diabetic nephropathy who underwent a kidney transplant (KT) in August 2014 with good clinical evolution. No previous CMV infection or episodes of acute rejection were reported. Five years after transplant, he was admitted due to a reduced visual acuity of the left eye with seven days of evolution with associated hyperemia, without exudate. The ophthalmologic evaluation was compatible with acute necrosis of the retina and presumed associated with CMV infection. He had a progressive improvement after ganciclovir initiation. CMV retinitis is one of the most serious ocular complications in immune-suppressed individuals and can lead to irreversible blindness, and because of that, early diagnosis and treatment remains crucial in obtaining the best visual prognosis in affected patients. Secondary prophylaxis with ganciclovir is not consensual, neither is the safety of reintroducing the antimetabolite in these cases.

Resumo A retinite por citomegalovírus (CMV) é uma manifestação rara de doença invasiva por CMV e potencialmente ameaçadora para a visão em indivíduos imunocomprometidos. A suspeita clínica é fundamental, uma vez que se trata de uma entidade incomum, com uma instalação progressiva e frequentemente assintomática durante um longo período. Os autores relatam um homem de 70 anos de idade com doença renal do diabetes que foi submetido a um transplante renal (KT) em Agosto de 2014 com boa evolução clínica. Nenhuma infecção anterior por CMV ou episódios de rejeição aguda foram relatados. Cinco anos após o transplante, ele foi internado devido a uma acuidade visual reduzida do olho esquerdo com sete dias de evolução com hiperemia associada, sem exsudato. A avaliação oftalmológica foi compatível com a necrose aguda da retina e presumivelmente associada à infecção por CMV. Ele teve uma melhora progressiva após o início do ganciclovir. A retinite por CMV é uma das complicações oculares mais graves em indivíduos imunossuprimidos e pode levar à cegueira irreversível e, por isso, o diagnóstico e o tratamento precoces continuam sendo cruciais para obter o melhor prognóstico visual em pacientes afetados. A profilaxia secundária com ganciclovir não é consensual, tampouco a segurança de reintroduzir o antimetabólito nestes casos.

Presumed cytomegalovirus retinitis late after kidney transplant.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is a rare manifestation of CMV invasive disease and potentially threatening to vision in immunocompromised individuals. Clinical suspicion is fundamental since it is an unusual entity with a progressive and often asymptomatic installation over a long period. The authors report a 70-year-old man with diabetic nephropathy who underwent a kidney transplant (KT) in August 2014 with good clinical evolution. No previous CMV infection or episodes of acute rejection were reported. Five years after transplant, he was admitted due to a reduced visual acuity of the left eye with seven days of evolution with associated hyperemia, without exudate. The ophthalmologic evaluation was compatible with acute necrosis of the retina and presumed associated with CMV infection. He had a progressive improvement after ganciclovir initiation. CMV retinitis is one of the most serious ocular complications in immune-suppressed individuals and can lead to irreversible blindness, and because of that, early diagnosis and treatment remains crucial in obtaining the best visual prognosis in affected patients. Secondary prophylaxis with ganciclovir is not consensual, neither is the safety of reintroducing the antimetabolite in these cases.

Oral health behaviour perception scale applied among a sample of portuguese adolescents / Escala de percepción del comportamiento de salud bucal aplicada en una muestra de adolescentes portugueses

Introduction: The application of a scale can be particularly useful for the epidemiological studies comparing different populations and for analysis of the influence of distinct aspects of oral health on the development of certain health conditions. The aim of this study consists in the creation of a scale to classify the level of perception of the oral health behaviors applicable to a sample of Portuguese adolescents. Material and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was designed with a total of 649 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18 years old from five public schools in the Viseu and Guarda districts, in Portugal. Data was collected by the application of a self-administered questionnaire and, after analysis of data collection, the newly Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP) oral health perception scale was created. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS-IBM software version 24.0 (IBM SPSS, Chicago, Il., USA). In the descriptive statistical analysis, absolute and descriptive frequencies were used for variables with nominal measurement level, mean as a measure of central tendency and standard deviation as a measure of dispersion for interval variables. Results: Oral health behaviors perception respecting the assumptions defined by the present scale has been elaborated. The result showed that 67% of the sample presented a poor perception of their oral health behaviors, 23.9% intermediate/sufficient, while 8.2% refer having good perception, respecting the assumptions defined for the elaboration of the present scale. Conclusion: For this purpose, through the scale to classify the level of oral health behaviors applicable to the sample of portuguese adolescents, it is possible to compare the data of several samples and understand what are the most frequent oral or eating habits among adolescents

Introducción: La aplicación de una escala puede ser particularmente útil para los estudios epidemiológicos que comparan diferentes poblaciones y para el análisis de la influencia de distintos aspectos de la salud bucal en el desarrollo de determinadas condiciones de salud. El objetivo de este estudio consiste en la creación de una escala para clasificar el nivel de percepción de las conductas de salud bucal aplicable a una muestra de adolescentes portugueses. Material y Métodos: Se diseñó un estudio observacional transversal con un total de 649 adolescentes de entre 12 y 18 años de cinco escuelas públicas de los distritos de Viseu y Guarda, en Portugal. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario autoadministrado y, tras el análisis de la recolección de datos, se creó la nueva escala de percepción de salud bucal de la Universidad Católica Portuguesa (UCP). El análisis estadístico se realizó utilizando el software SPSS-IBM versión 24.0 (IBM SPSS, Chicago, Il., EE. UU.). En el análisis estadístico descriptivo se utilizaron frecuencias absolutas y descriptivas para variables con nivel de medida nominal, media como medida de tendencia central y desviación estándar como medida de dispersión para variables de intervalo. Resultados: ha elaborado la percepción de conductas de salud bucal respetando los supuestos definidos por la presente escala. El resultado mostró que el 67% de la muestra presentó mala percepción de sus conductas de salud bucal, el 23,9% intermedia / suficiente, mientras que el 8,2% refiere tener buena percepción, respetando los supuestos definidos para la elaboración de la presente escala. Conclusión: Para ello, a través de la escala para clasificar el nivel de conductas de salud bucal aplicable a la muestra de adolescentes portugueses, es posible comparar los datos de varias muestras y comprender cuáles son los hábitos orales o alimentarios más frecuentes entre los adolescentes.

Risk factors for antisocial behavior in children: comparison between boys and girls / Fatores de risco de comportamento antissocial em crianças: comparação entre rapazes e garotas

Recognizing the importance of assessing the risk of antisocial behavior, this study aimed to characterize the risk factors for the occurrence of antisocial behavior, seeking to understand if there are differences between boys and girls. Eighty-five cases of children referred by the promotion and protection system due to the display of antisocial behaviors were reviewed. A total of 65 were boys and 20 were girls, aged between six and eleven years. Data collection was performed using the Portuguese version of the risk assessment instruments Early Assessment Risk List for boys and for girls. Gender differences were assessed, with boys exhibiting a higher risk level for antisocial behavior, adopting more serious behaviors (e.g., impulsive behaviors). Girls engaged in less serious behavior (e.g., disrespect). By characterizing the most prevalent risk factors, the results of this study may contribute to the identification of intervention priorities.

Reconhecendo a importância da avaliação do risco de comportamentos antissociais, com este estudo pretendeu-se caracterizar os fatores de risco para a ocorrência do comportamento antissocial, procurando perceber se existem diferenças entre rapazes e garotas. Foram analisados 85 processos de crianças sinalizadas ao sistema de promoção e proteção devido à exibição de comportamentos antissociais, 65 referentes a rapazes e 20 a garotas, com idades compreendidas entre os seis e os onze anos. A recolha de dados foi realizada com recurso à versão portuguesa dos instrumentos de avaliação de risco Early Assessment Risk List para rapazes e garatas. Apuraram-se diferenças entre sexos, com os rapazes a apresentar um nível de risco para o comportamento antissocial mais elevado, adotando comportamentos mais gravosos (e.g., comportamentos de impulsividade). As garotas, adotam comportamentos menos gravosos (e.g., desrespeito). Ao caracterizar os fatores de risco mais prevalentes, os resultados deste estudo podem contribuir para a identificação de prioridades de intervenção.

Eficácia da promoção da saúde oral no controlo do biofilme bucal / Oral health promotion efficiency in the control of oral biofilm / Eficácia de la promoción de la salud oral en el control del biofilm dental

Avaliar a eficácia das instruções de higiene oral, em particular no controlo dobiofilme dentário, bem como avaliar a eficácia do reforço dessas instruções. Métodos: Realizou-se estudo quasi-experimental na Clínica Universitária da Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP) em Viseu-Portugal, desenvolvido entre janeiro e junho de 2012. Efectuouse três avaliações a 30 indivíduos através do Índice de Placa de O?Leary e aplicação de questionário abordando o comportamento de saúde oral, com um mês de periodicidade entre cada medição. Na primeira avaliação, todos os indivíduos receberam as mesmas instruções de higiene oral, registo do Índice de Placa de O?Leary e aplicação do questionário. Na segunda avaliação, realizou-se um novo registo do índice a todos os indivíduos, mas apenas o grupo de intervenção (n=16) recebeu o reforço dessas instruções e na terceira avaliação executouse um novo registo a todos os indivíduos (n=30). Resultados: Tanto o grupo de intervenção como o controlo apresentaram uma redução do índice, mas aquele mostrou uma redução mais importante na última avaliação realizada quando comparada a este: 38,19% (n=16) vs. 69,57% (n=14), respectivamente (p<0,05). Relativamente à frequência de escovação dentária, no grupo de intervenção, 68,8% (n=11) escovavam pelo menos duas vezes por dia, enquanto no grupo de controlo apenas 57,1% (n=8) escovavam com a mesma frequência. Nesse caso, foram registadas diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos (p<0.05). Conclusão: A promoção da saúde oral por meio de instruções de higiene demonstrou ser eficaz na melhoria dos comportamentos de saúde e, consequentemente, no controlo do biofilme dentário...

To assess the efficacy of oral health instructions, particularly in the control of dental plaque, as well as assess the effectiveness of the reinforcement of the same instructions. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted at the University Clinic of the Portuguese Catholic University (UCP) in Viseu-Portugal from January to June 2012. Three different assessments were performed with 30 participants using the O?Leary Plaque Index and a questionnaire on oral health behavior, with a one-month interval between each assessment. In the first assessment, all participants received the same instructions of oral hygiene and the O?Leary Plaque Index registration and the application of the questionnaire were performed; in the second assessment, a new registration of the O?Leary Index was made, but only the experimental group (n=16) received the reinforcement of oral health instructions, and in the third assessment, a new registration of the O?Leary Plaque Index was made for all the individuals (n=30). Results: Both control and experimental groups showed a decrease in the O?Leary Plaque Index, but the latter showed a more significant decrease in the last assessment: 38.19% (n=16) vs. 69.57% (n=14), p <0.05. Regarding the frequency of toothbrushing, in the experimental group, 68.8% (n=11) brushed the teeth at least twice a day, while in the control group only 57.1% (n=8) performed the same frequency of toothbrushing. In this case, statistically significant differences were found between the two groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Oral health promotion through oral hygiene instruction was effective in improving oral health behaviors, and, consequentely, the control of dental biofilm...

Evaluar la eficacia de las instrucciones de higiene oral, en especial del control del biofilm dental así como evaluar la eficacia del refuerzo de dichas instrucciones. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental en la Clínica Universitariade la Universidad Católica Portuguesa (UCP) de Viseu- Portugal, desarrollado entre enero y junio de 2012. Se realizo tres evaluaciones en 30 individuos a través del Índice de Placa de O?Leary y la aplicación del cuestionario incluyendo la conducta de salud oral con un mes de intervalo para cada medición. Em la primera evaluación todos los individuos recibieron las mismas instrucciones de higiene oral, registro del Índice de Placa de O?Leary y la aplicación del cuestionario. En la segundaevaluación se realizó un nuevo registro del índice en todos los individuos pero solamente el grupo de intervención (n=16) recibió el refuerzo de esas instrucciones y en la tercera evaluación se hizo un nuevo registro de todos los individuos (n=30). Resultados: El grupo de intervención y el grupo control presentaron reducción del índice, pero el grupo de intervención mostro una reducción más importante en la última evaluación realizada al compararse al grupo control: el 38,19% (n=16) vs. el 69,57% (n=14), respectivamente (p<0,05). Respecto la frecuencia de cepillado dentario, en el grupo de intervención el 68,8% (n=11) cepillaban al menos dos veces al día mientras que en el grupo control solamente el 57,1% (n=8) cepillaban con la misma frecuencia.En ese caso, fueron registradas diferencias significativas entre los grupos (p<0.05). Conclusión: La promoción de la salud oral a través de instrucciones de higiene ha sido eficaz para la mejoría de conductas en salud y, por consiguiente, para el control Del biofilm dental...

Characterisation of nutrient profile of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus), and purple corn (Zea mays L.) consumed in the North of Argentina: proximates, minerals and trace elements.

Quinoa, amaranth and purple corn are Andean cereals largely consumed in North of Argentina. Nutrient analysis with the purpose of inclusion in the Argentinean FCDB and e-search EuroFIR has become urgent matter. In this work proximate and mineral profile of Andean cereals cultivated in the North of Argentina were determined and compared with rice. Proximate analysis showed that Andean cereals have similar profile but significantly higher (p<0.05) than rice. Andean cereals are rich sources of iron, copper, manganese and zinc and better than rice. Phosphorus and magnesium quinoa content could contribute up to 55% of consumers DRI. Andean cereals and rice are poor sources of potassium. To guarantee the interchange of data among users and producers of FCDB component values were obtained in compliance with EuroFIR guidelines for compilation process. Present work provides necessary information to FCDB users who wish to have access to food reference analytical parameters.