Influence of glioblastoma contact with the subventricular zone on survival and recurrence patterns

Background There is growing evidence that the subventricular zone (SVZ) may be involved in both the initiation and progression of glioblastoma (GB). We aimed to assess tumor proximity to the SVZ as a potential prognostic factor in GB. Method Retrospective study of 133 patients diagnosed with primary GB who underwent surgery followed by temozolomide-based chemoradiation between 2010 and 2016. All lesions were classified according to their anatomic relation with the SVZ. We determined the effect of tumor contact with the SVZ on progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), type, and patterns of recurrence. Results At a median follow-up of 18.6 months (95% CI 15.9–21.2), PFS and OS were 7.5 (95% CI 6.7–8.3) and 13.9 (95% CI 10.9–16.9) months, respectively. On the univariate analyses, initial contact with the SVZ was a factor for poor prognosis for both PFS (6.1 vs. 8.7 months; p = 0.006) and OS (10.6 vs. 17.9 months; p = 0.037). On the multivariate analysis, tumor contact with the SVZ remained statistically significant for PFS, but not OS. Patients with SVZ-contacting tumors presented a higher rate of aggressive clinical progression (30.9% vs. 11.3%; p = 0.007) and contralateral relapse patterns (23.4% vs. 9.1%; p = 0.048). Conclusions Our results suggest that glioblastoma contact with the SVZ appears to be an independent prognostic factor for poor PFS. The presence of an SVZ-contacting tumor was associated with more aggressive recurrences and a higher rate of contralateral relapses. These findings suggest that this variable may be a new prognostic factor in glioblastoma (AU)

Influence of glioblastoma contact with the subventricular zone on survival and recurrence patterns.

BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence that the subventricular zone (SVZ) may be involved in both the initiation and progression of glioblastoma (GB). We aimed to assess tumor proximity to the SVZ as a potential prognostic factor in GB. METHOD: Retrospective study of 133 patients diagnosed with primary GB who underwent surgery followed by temozolomide-based chemoradiation between 2010 and 2016. All lesions were classified according to their anatomic relation with the SVZ. We determined the effect of tumor contact with the SVZ on progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), type, and patterns of recurrence. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 18.6 months (95% CI 15.9-21.2), PFS and OS were 7.5 (95% CI 6.7-8.3) and 13.9 (95% CI 10.9-16.9) months, respectively. On the univariate analyses, initial contact with the SVZ was a factor for poor prognosis for both PFS (6.1 vs. 8.7 months; p = 0.006) and OS (10.6 vs. 17.9 months; p = 0.037). On the multivariate analysis, tumor contact with the SVZ remained statistically significant for PFS, but not OS. Patients with SVZ-contacting tumors presented a higher rate of aggressive clinical progression (30.9% vs. 11.3%; p = 0.007) and contralateral relapse patterns (23.4% vs. 9.1%; p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that glioblastoma contact with the SVZ appears to be an independent prognostic factor for poor PFS. The presence of an SVZ-contacting tumor was associated with more aggressive recurrences and a higher rate of contralateral relapses. These findings suggest that this variable may be a new prognostic factor in glioblastoma.

Pronóstico de pacientes VIH (+) en unidades de cuidados intensivos del Hospital Gustavo Fricke / The prognosis of HIV positive patients at Gustavo Fricke Hospital ICUs

Marco teórico: La infección por VIH es una pandemia en aumento en el mundo. Con el advenimiento de la Terapia Antirretroviral (TARV), la sobrevida de los pacientes infectados por VIH en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) ha aumentado significativamente. Dado que existe escasa literatura nacional respecto a estos pacientes en UCI, a través del presente estudio se buscó determinar si existen diferencias en el pronóstico de los pacientes con diagnóstico VIH respectode pacientes sin diagnóstico de infección por VIH que ingresan a la UCI del Hospital Dr. Gustavo Fricke (HGF). Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional de cohorte prospectiva en todos los pacientes hospitalizados en la UCI del hospital Dr. Gustavo Fricke, entre febrero y mayo del 2016. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 136 pacientes, de los cuales 10 (7,35%) eran portadores de infección por VIH cuyo motivo de ingreso más frecuente fue insuficiencia respiratoria (n=5, 50%); de estos, el 60% (n=6) falleció durante su estadia en UCI. Hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la mortalidad entre ambos grupos(p<0,01) y en la mediana de edad, siendo esta menor en el grupo de los pacientes con infección por VIH. Conclusiones: En el presente estudio se observó que existen diferencias en el pronóstico de pacientes con diagnóstico VIH(+) con respecto a los pacientes sin diagnóstico de VIH en la UCI del HGF. La mortalidad es significativamente mayor en el grupo VIH (+), sin embargo, parece necesario extender el tiempo de recolección de datos para poder establecer más asociaciones.

Background: The HIV pandemic infection rates are increasing worldwide. With the advent of antiretroviral therapy, the HIV infected patient's survival in intensive care units has improved significantly. As there is little national literature about these intensive care patients, we plan, with this study, to determine if there are differences between the prognoses of HIV infected and non-HIV patients admitted to the Dr Gustavo Fricke Hospital ICU. Methods: From February 1st through to May 20th, we conducted an observational prospective cohort study in the Dr Gustavo Fricke Hospital ICU. Results: A total of 136 patients were included. 10 (7.35%) were HIV infected, their most frequent cause for admission being respiratory failure (n=5. 50%). Of these 60% (n=6) died during their ICU stay. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.01) in mortality between the groups and in the median age which was lower in HIV patients. Conclusions: There were differences in the prognosis of HIV (+) patients in contrast with HIV (-) patients in the Dr Gustavo Fricke Hospital ICU. Mortality rates were significantly higher in the HIV (+) group. Nevertheless, it is necessary to extend the data collection period in order to establish more associations.

Preoperative low-dose weekly cisplatin and continuous infusion fluorouracil plus hyperfractionated radiotherapy in stage II-III esophageal carcinoma

BACKGROUND: The optimal regimen of preoperative chemoradiotherapy for resectable esophageal cancer has not been established. We evaluated accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy (RT) concurrent to low-dose weekly cisplatin and continuous infusion fluorouracil (LDCI-FU) followed by esophagectomy in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus. METHODS: Patients with clinical stage II or III SCC of the esophagus received cisplatin 30 mg/m2/week (days 1, 8, 15), LDCI-FU 300 mg/m2/day (days 1-21), and concomitant RT to a dose of 45 Gy (150 cGy/fraction, 2 fractions/day) on tumor and affected lymph nodes, followed by radical esophagectomy. RESULTS: From 1997 to 2012, 64 patients were treated with this regimen. Twenty-four patients (37 %) had grade 3 esophagitis, 18 (28 %) of whom required hospitalization. The risk of hospitalization was reduced by placement of a jejunostomy tube before starting induction chemoradiotherapy. Six patients (9 %) had grade 3-4 neutropenia. Fifty-three patients (83 %) underwent esophageal resection and complete resection was achieved in 45 (70 %). The overall median survival was 28 months (95 % CI: 20.4-35.6) and 5-year survival was 38 %. In the 18 patients attaining a pathological complete response, median survival was 132 months and 5-year survival was 72 %. Positron emission tomography standardized uptake values (PET SUVmax) post-chemoradiotherapy were associated with pathological response (p = 0.03) and survival (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Intensive preoperative hyperfractionated RT concomitant to low-dose cisplatin and LDCI-FU is effective in patients with locally advanced SCC of the esophagus, with good pathological response and survival and manageable toxicities. Post-chemoradiotherapy PET SUV max shows promise as a potential prognostic factor

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Preoperative low-dose weekly cisplatin and continuous infusion fluorouracil plus hyperfractionated radiotherapy in stage II-III esophageal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The optimal regimen of preoperative chemoradiotherapy for resectable esophageal cancer has not been established. We evaluated accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy (RT) concurrent to low-dose weekly cisplatin and continuous infusion fluorouracil (LDCI-FU) followed by esophagectomy in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus. METHODS: Patients with clinical stage II or III SCC of the esophagus received cisplatin 30 mg/m2/week (days 1, 8, 15), LDCI-FU 300 mg/m2/day (days 1-21), and concomitant RT to a dose of 45 Gy (150 cGy/fraction, 2 fractions/day) on tumor and affected lymph nodes, followed by radical esophagectomy. RESULTS: From 1997 to 2012, 64 patients were treated with this regimen. Twenty-four patients (37 %) had grade 3 esophagitis, 18 (28 %) of whom required hospitalization. The risk of hospitalization was reduced by placement of a jejunostomy tube before starting induction chemoradiotherapy. Six patients (9 %) had grade 3-4 neutropenia. Fifty-three patients (83 %) underwent esophageal resection and complete resection was achieved in 45 (70 %). The overall median survival was 28 months (95 % CI: 20.4-35.6) and 5-year survival was 38 %. In the 18 patients attaining a pathological complete response, median survival was 132 months and 5-year survival was 72 %. Positron emission tomography standardized uptake values (PET SUVmax) post-chemoradiotherapy were associated with pathological response (p = 0.03) and survival (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Intensive preoperative hyperfractionated RT concomitant to low-dose cisplatin and LDCI-FU is effective in patients with locally advanced SCC of the esophagus, with good pathological response and survival and manageable toxicities. Post-chemoradiotherapy PET SUVmax shows promise as a potential prognostic factor.

[Hyperhomocystinemia and 677C T methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism as a cardiovascular risk factor in childhood]. / Hiperhomocistinemia y polimorfismo 677C T de la 5,10-metilenotetrahidrofolato reductasa en hijos de pacientes con enfermedad coronaria prematura.

BACKGROUND: Factors related to hyperhomocystinemia in the pediatric population of our geographical area with a parental history of premature coronary disease (PCD) are not well known. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the possible association between plasma total homocysteine (tHcy), the B vitamins involved in its metabolism (folate, vitamin B12 and B6), and 677C T polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) in a group of children with a parental history of PCD. METHODS: A cross-sectional analytical study of 80 children (aged 5-18 years old) with a parental history of PCD was performed. Values found in these children were compared with reference values for similar age groups. Plasma tHcy and vitamin B6 were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. Folate and vitamin B12 concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. Detection of 677C T polymorphism of MTHFR was performed using polymerase chain reaction amplification and Hinfl digestion. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS program, version 10.0. Concentrations of tHcy and vitamins were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman's correlation coefficient. The association between phenotype, hyperhomocystinemia and low vitamin concentrations was analyzed using the chi-squared test. ResultsPlasma tHcy values in the children aged more than 10 years with a parental history of PCD were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than the reference values. Vitamin B12 levels were significantly lower (p 0.015), but neither folate nor vitamin B6 levels differed from the reference values. A negative correlation (p < 0.0001) was observed between tHcy and folate (r 0.47) and between tHcy and vitamin B12 levels (r 0.51). Eighty percent of the children with the TT genotype of MTHFR showed hyperhomocystinemia. Suboptimal vitamin B levels were also associated with the TT genotype of MTHFR. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperhomocystinemia detected in children with a parental history of PCD is associated with the TT genotype of MTHFR and with low folate levels. Because hyperhomocystinemia can be corrected by vitamin B supplementation, tHcy determination is recommended in the offspring of patients with PCD.

Hiperhomocistinemia y polimorfismo 677ct de la 5,10-metilenotetrahidrofolato reductasa en hijos de pacientes con enfermedad coronaria prematura / Hyperhomocystinemia and 677CT methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism as a cardiovascular risk factor in childhood

Antecedentes: Los factores relacionados con la hiperhomocistinemia en la población pediátrica con historia de enfermedad coronaria prematura (ECP) no son bien conocidos. Objetivos: Evaluar la posible asociación entre la homocisteína plasmática, las vitaminas B (folatos, B12 y B6) y el polimorfismo 677C T de la enzima 5,10-metilenotetrahidrofolato reductasa (MTHFR) en un grupo de hijos de progenitores con ECP. Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico de 80 hijos (5-18 años) de progenitores con ECP comparando sus valores con los de referencia de edades similares. homocisteína total y vitamina B6: cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC) con detección fluorimétrica; folato y vitamina B12: radioinmunoanálisis; polimorfismo 677C T de la MTHFR: amplificación por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) y digestión con Hinfl. Estudio estadístico (SPSS, versión 10.0). Comparaciones: U de Mann-Witney y chi cuadrado; correlaciones de Spearman. Resultados: Los valores de homocisteína total de los hijos de progenitores con ECP mayores de 10 años fueron significativamente superiores (p < 0,001) a los valores de referencia, mientras que los de vitamina B12 fueron inferiores (p 0,015), aunque no los de folato y vitamina B6. Se observó una correlación negativa (p < 0,0001) entre la homocisteína total y el folato (r -0,47) y la vitamina B12 (r-0,51). El 80 por ciento de los hijos con el genotipo TT de la MTHFR presentaron hiperhomocistinemia. Los valores subóptimos de vitaminas mostraron también una asociación el genotipo TT. Conclusiones: La hiperhomocistinemia de los hijos de pacientes con ECP de nuestro medio se asocian al genotipo TT de la MTHFR y a unas concentraciones bajas de folato. La posibilidad de corregir la hiperhomocistinemia mediante suplementación vitamínica sugiere el interés del estudio familiar de homocisteína en la ECP (AU)

[Focal infarction of the testis. Report of a case simulating a gonadal mass]. / Infarto focal del testículo. A propósito de un caso que simulaba un proceso expansivo gonadal.

Series of comments on the clinical history of one patient diagnosed "a posteriori" with a focal infarction of the testis. The case was pre-operatively handled as a tumour, as a result of which the patient underwent radial orchiectomy. The only notable feature in the patient's background was a vasectomy, performed two years earlier. The rationale for this communication is the rarity of this entity and the differential diagnosis to be practised. Reference is made to some complementary diagnostic tests that may be requested. It includes a number of considerations on testis vascularization. After reviewing some studies contributed by the Spanish literature, several complications to be taken into consideration when performing a vasectomy are explained.

[Hypertrophy of Bertin's columns]. / Hipertrofia de las columnas de Bertin.

Description of 17 cases of columns of Bertin's hypertrophy found by chance while performing 587 urological ecographies carried out while following other urogenital diagnostic approaches. The present report is prompted by the entity's features and the differential diagnosis forced by the "renal mass effects". A series of reflections are built on the various supplementary tests that can be performed.

[Aberrant renal papilla. 2 new case reports. Diagnostic considerations]. / Papila renal aberrante. Dos nuevas aportaciones. Consideraciones diagnósticas.

Another two cases of aberrant renal papilla are described. These had been diagnosed following an IVP procedure and corroborated by ultrasound. One patient had presented with prostatism and the other had consulted for episodes of renal colic. Because a differential diagnosis is mandatory to distinguish this uncommon condition from other filling defects of the renal pelvis and particularly from false aberrant renal papilla, we were prompted to report on these two cases.