Microsatellite Instability and Survival in Stage II Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND/AIM: About 15-20% of colorectal cancers (CRCs) have deficiency in a mismatch repair (MMR) protein. MMR has a high level of microsatellite instability (MSI-H). We have conducted this review and meta-analysis to determine the prognostic role of MSI-H status in stage II CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and SCOPUS for studies reporting data on overall survival (OS) and disease-free or relapse-free survival (DFS or RFS) for MSI-H compared to microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC. RESULTS: A total of 39 studies were analysed, including 12,110 patients. MSI-H status was associated with a significantly reduced risk of death (HR=0.64, 95%CI=0.52-0.8, p<0.01) and relapse (HR=0.59, 95%CI=0.45-0.77, p<0.01) in stage II CRC. CONCLUSION: MSI-H represents an important prognostic determinant in stage II CRC and may be considered when estimating the risk of recurrence in stage II CRC.

Professional attitudes toward incident reporting: can we measure and compare improvements in patient safety culture?

OBJECTIVE: To establish categories of professionals' attitudes toward incident reporting by analyzing the trends in incident reporting while accounting for general risk indicators. DESIGN: The incident reporting system was evaluated over 6 years. Reporting rates, stratified by year and profession, were estimated using the non-mandatory reported events/full-time equivalent (NM-IR/FTE) rate. Other indicators were collected using the hospital's official database. Staff attitudes toward self-reporting were analyzed. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed. SETTING: A 1000-bed Italian academic hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Staff of the hospital (over 3200 professionals). INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: NM-IT/FTE rates, self-reported rates, patient complaints/praises, work accidents among professionals and 30-day readmissions. RESULTS: The overall reporting rate was 0.44 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42-0.46) among doctors and 0.40 (95% CI: 0.39-0.41) among nurses. Between 2010 and 2015, only the doctors' reporting rate increased significantly (P = 0.04), from 0.29 (95% CI: 0.25-0.34) to 0.67 (95% CI: 0.60-0.73). Patient complaints decreased from 384 to 224 (P < 0.001) and work accidents decreased from 296 to 235 (P = 0.01), while other indicators remained constant. Multivariable logistic regression showed that self-reporting was more likely among nurses than doctors (odds ratio: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.31-1.73) and for severe events than near misses (odds ratio: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.11-2.87). CONCLUSIONS: Because the doctors' reporting rates increased during the study period, doctors may be more likely to report adverse events than nurses, although nurses reported more events. Incident reporting trends and other routinely collected risk indicators may be useful to improve our understanding and measurement of patient safety issues.

A case-crossover study of sleep, fatigue, and other transient exposures at workplace and the risk of non-fatal occupational injuries among the employees of an Italian academic hospital.

OBJECTIVES: Transient exposure with acute effect has been shown to affect the risk of occupational injuries in various industrial settings and at the healthcare workplace. The objective of this study has been to identify transient exposures related to occupational injury risk in an Italian teaching hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A case-crossover study was conducted among the employees of the University Hospital of Udine who reported an occupational injury, commuting accident, or incident involving biological risk in a 15-month period in the years 2013 and 2014. The matched-pair interval approach was used to assess the role of acute sleep deprivation whereas the usual frequency approach was used for other 13 transient exposures. RESULTS: Sleep hours were not associated with the risk of injuries whereas a significant risk increase was associated with fatigue, rush, distraction, emergency situations, teaching to or being taught by someone, non-compliant patients, bloody operative/work field, excess noise, complex procedures, and anger. CONCLUSIONS: We identified transient exposures that increased the risk of occupational injuries in an Italian teaching hospital, providing indications for interventions to increase workers' safety at the healthcare workplace. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2016;29(6):1001-1009.

An ecological study on the association between characteristics of hospital units and the risk of occupational injuries and adverse events on the example of an Italian teaching hospital.

OBJECTIVES: We explored the association of workplace characteristics with occupational injuries and adverse events in an Italian teaching hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This ecological study was conducted using data routinely collected in the University Hospital of Udine, Northeastern Italy. Poisson regression models were used to investigate, at the hospital unit level, the association between 5 outcomes, including: occupational injuries, patient falls, medication errors, other adverse events and near-misses, and various characteristics of the units. RESULTS: The proportion of female workers in a unit, the average number of sick-leave days and of overtime hours, the number of medical examinations requested by employees, and being a surgical unit were significantly associated with some of the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Despite ecological nature of the study, which does not allow for inferences to be drawn at the individual level, the results of our study provide useful clues to support strategies and interventions directed towards healthier work environments and better patient care in hospitals.

A rare case of metastatic pancreatic hepatoid carcinoma treated with sorafenib.

BACKGROUND: Hepatoid carcinoma (HC) is a rare histopathological tumor type with prominent features of hepatoid differentiation, and while most of the reported cases are of gastric origin, ten cases of pancreatic HC have been reported to date. The majority of HC cases are metastatic at presentation, mainly to the liver, lymph nodes, and lungs. They are aggressive, invading, and proliferating in the venous and lymphatic systems, with a behavior similar to that of hepatocellular carcinoma. Diagnosis is challenging: alpha-Fetoprotein, the most useful marker, is not always positive. METHODS: We present the first case of metastatic pancreatic HC treated with sorafenib, an oral multikinase inhibitor approved for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma that has antiangiogenic, pro-apoptotic, and raf-kinase inhibitory properties. RESULTS: The patient, a 37-year-old male, was diagnosed with hepatoid carcinoma of the pancreas that had metastasized to liver, lungs, and lymph nodes. The cytokeratin (CK) profile was useful for the diagnosis: Both the hepatoid and adenocarcinoma components of the tumors were CK18+, CK19+, and CK20+/-, whereas normal and neoplastic hepatocytes are CK18+, CK19-, and CK20-. Amylase, lipase, and liver enzyme levels were elevated, but bilirubin was normal. Treatment with sorafenib resulted in more than 7 months of progression-free survival. Therapy was discontinued after 8 months when his bilirubin level increased dramatically. Signs of liver failure resolved temporarily with insertion of a biliary stent, but his condition deteriorated and he died 3 months later, 1 year after diagnosis. CONCLUSION: In the absence of evidence-based experience with this rare and aggressive tumor and given its similarities with hepatocellular carcinoma, sorafenib should be considered as a possible treatment.