RESUMEN
The species Passiflora alata, P. cincinnata, and P. edulis have great economic value due to the use of their fruits for human consumption. In this study, we compared the repetitive genome fractions of these three species. The compositions of the repetitive DNA of these three species' genomes were analyzed using clustering and identification of the repetitive sequences with RepeatExplorer. It was found that repetitive DNA content represents 74.70%, 66.86%, and 62.24% of the genome of P. alata, P. edulis, and P. cincinnata, respectively. LTR Ty3/Gypsy retrotransposons represent the highest genome proportions in P. alata and P. edulis, while Ty1/Copia comprises the largest proportion of P. cincinnata genome. Chromosomal mapping by Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) showed that LTR retrotransposons have a dispersed distribution along chromosomes. The subtelomeric region of chromosomes is where 145 bp satellite DNA is located, suggesting that these elements may play important roles in genome structure and organization in these species. In this work, we obtained the first global characterization of the composition of repetitive DNA in Passiflora, showing that an increase in genome size is related to an increase in repetitive DNA, which represents an important evolutionary route for these species.
Asunto(s)
ADN Satélite , Genoma de Planta , Passiflora , Retroelementos , Passiflora/genética , ADN Satélite/genética , Retroelementos/genética , Cromosomas de las Plantas/genética , Elementos Transponibles de ADN/genética , ADN de Plantas/genética , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Mapeo CromosómicoRESUMEN
A set of diseases caused by fungi and oomycetes are responsible for large losses in annual world cocoa production. Managing the impact caused by these diseases is very complex because a common solution has yet to be found for different pathogens. In this context, the systematic knowledge of Theobroma cacao L. pathogens' molecular characteristics may help researchers understand the possibilities and limitations of cocoa disease management strategies. This work systematically organized and summarized the main findings of omics studies of T. cacao eukaryotic pathogens, focusing on the plant-pathogen interaction and production dynamics. Using the PRISMA protocol and a semiautomated process, we selected papers from the Scopus and Web of Science databases and collected data from the selected papers. From the initial 3169 studies, 149 were selected. The first author's affiliations were mostly from two countries, Brazil (55%) and the USA (22%). The most frequent genera were Moniliophthora (105 studies), Phytophthora (59 studies) and Ceratocystis (13 studies). The systematic review database includes papers reporting the whole-genome sequence from six cocoa pathogens and evidence of some necrosis-inducing-like proteins, which are common in T. cacao pathogen genomes. This review contributes to the knowledge about T. cacao diseases, providing an integrated discussion of T. cacao pathogens' molecular characteristics, common mechanisms of pathogenicity and how this knowledge is produced worldwide.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The cytogenomic study of repetitive regions is fundamental for the understanding of morphofunctional mechanisms and genome evolution. Passiflora edulis a species of relevant agronomic value, this work had its genome sequenced by next generation sequencing and bioinformatics analysis performed by RepeatExplorer pipeline. The clusters allowed the identification and characterization of repetitive elements (predominant contributors to most plant genomes). The aim of this study was to identify, characterize and map the repetitive DNA of P. edulis, providing important cytogenomic markers, especially sequences associated with the centromere. RESULTS: Three clusters of satellite DNAs (69, 118 and 207) and seven clusters of Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) retrotransposons of the superfamilies Ty1/Copy and Ty3/Gypsy and families Angela, Athila, Chromovirus and Maximus-Sire (6, 11, 36, 43, 86, 94 and 135) were characterized and analyzed. The chromosome mapping of satellite DNAs showed two hybridization sites co-located in the 5S rDNA region (PeSat_1), subterminal hybridizations (PeSat_3) and hybridization in four sites, co-located in the 45S rDNA region (PeSat_2). Most of the retroelements hybridizations showed signals scattered in the chromosomes, diverging in abundance, and only the cluster 6 presented pericentromeric regions marking. No satellite DNAs and retroelement associated with centromere was observed. CONCLUSION: P. edulis has a highly repetitive genome, with the predominance of Ty3/Gypsy LTR retrotransposon. The satellite DNAs and LTR retrotransposon characterized are promising markers for investigation of the evolutionary patterns and genetic distinction of species and hybrids of Passiflora.
Asunto(s)
ADN Satélite/genética , Passiflora/genética , Retroelementos/genética , Mapeo Cromosómico , Cromosomas de las Plantas , ADN de Plantas/genética , ADN de Plantas/metabolismo , ADN Satélite/clasificación , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico/genética , ARN Ribosómico 5S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
Hemorragia intraventricular (HIV) é uma importante causa de mortalidade e morbidade em recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso. Consequências desastrosas podem ocorrer principalmente se o diagnóstico for tardio. Vários fatores de risco associados a HIV tais como, baixo peso ao nascimento e prematuridade, foram identificados. Por outro lado a sobrevivência de recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso tem crescido significativamente nas últimas décadas.
Intraventricular hemorrhage (ICV) is an outstanding cause of mortality and morbidity of very low weight newborns. Disastrous consequences may mostly occur if the diagnosis is made in a late stage. Several risk factors associated with ICV, such as low weight at birth and prematurity, have been identified. On the other hand, the survival of extremely low-weight newborns has increased significantly in the last decades.
