Human Papillomavirus and Coronary Artery Disease in Climacteric Women: Is There an Association?

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases are leading causes of death worldwide. Recent studies suggest that infection by some viruses, including the human papillomavirus (HPV), may increase the risk of developing atheromatous lesions on coronary arteries. However, there is a lack of data regarding the possible association between HPV infection and coronary artery disease (CAD) in women. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether HPV infection is associated with the occurrence of CAD among climacteric women. METHODS: The presence of CAD and cervical HPV DNA was investigated in 52 climacteric women. Social and demographic variables and metabolic profiles were also investigated. RESULTS: Among 27 women with CAD, 16 were positive for HPV, whereas 11 were negative. The presence of cervical HPV was strongly associated with CAD, after adjusting for demographic variables, health and sexual behaviors, comorbidities, and known cardiovascular risk factors. HPV-positive women showed a greater likelihood of having CAD (odds ratio [OR] = 3.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16 to 11.96) as compared with HPV-negative women, particularly those infected with high-risk HPV types (OR = 4.90; 95% CI: 1.26 to 19.08). CONCLUSION: These results support the hypothesis that HPV infection might be associated with CAD among climacteric women, though further studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms involved.

Marcadopres de obesidade e risco cardiovascular em mulheres com síndrome dos ovários policísticos / Obesity and cardiovascular risk markers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Fundamentos: A obesidade é muito frequente em mulheres portadoras de síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) e está associada ao aumento do risco cardiovascular. Objetivo: Associar medidas antropométricas: índice de massa corpórea (IMC), circunferência da cintura(CC), relação cintura-estatura (RCEST), relação cintura quadril (RCQ), percentual de gordura corporal (%GC)a fatores de risco cardiovascular (FRCV): pressão arterial elevada, perfil lipídico e glicemia de jejum alterados, em mulheres com SOP. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 78 mulheres portadoras de SOP, diagnosticadas pelo critério de Rotterdam. Foram mensurados: colesterol total (CT), triglicerídeos (TG), LDL-colesterol (LDL-c), HDL-colesterol (HDL-c), glicemia de jejum e pressão arterial (PA) em todas as pacientes, bem como as variáveis antropométricas. Resultados: A prevalência de obesidade foi elevada, tanto avaliada pelo IMC (34,6%), quanto avaliada pelo %GC (61,5%). A alteração do perfil lipídico foi relevante na amostra, especialmente a diminuição do HDL-c observada em 34,6% das mulheres. O IMC, CC e RCEST apresentaram correlação positiva significativa com todos os FRCV analisados neste estudo. Conclusões: A presença de FRCV foi elevada na amostra estudada. Os indicadores antropométricos utilizados apresentaram boa correlação com o risco cardiovascular em mulheres com SOP. Isso sugere a viabilidade do uso desses indicadores na avaliação clínica, com vistas à detecção do risco cardiovascular nessas pacientes.

Background: Obesity is very frequent in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and is associated with the increased cardiovascular risk. Objective: To associate anthropometric measurements body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC),waist to height ratio (WHtR), waist hip ratio (WHR), body fat percentage (BF%) with the following cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF): high blood pressure, lipid profile and fasting glucose changes among women with PCOS. Methods: Cross-section study conducted with 78 women with PCOS, diagnosed according to the Rotterdam Consensus. The following were measured: total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDL cholesterol (LCL-c) HDL cholesterol (HDL-c), fasting glucose and blood pressure (BP) in all patients, as well as anthropometric variables. Results: The prevalence of obesity was high when assessed by BMI (34.6%) and BF% (61.5%). The lipid profile was relevant in the sample, especially the decrease in HDL-c noted in 34.6% of the women. The BMI, WC and WHtR showed significant positive correlation with all CVRF analyzed in this study. Conclusions: The presence of cardiovascular risk : factors was high in the sample studied. The anthropometric indicators used in this study showed a good correlation to cardiovascular risks among women with PCOS. This suggests the feasibility of using these indicators in clinical evaluations in order to detect cardiovascular risks among these patients.