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1.
Acta Cir Bras ; 39: e392224, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38629653

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To evaluate, by quantitative and qualitative methods, the glomerular ultrastructure in Wistar rats fed a cafeteria diet. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups at 21 days of age: control (C, n = 10) and cafeteria diet (CAF, n = 8). The animals were followed up until 5 months of age, followed by euthanasia. The blood, kidneys, and fat deposits--epididymal, retroperitoneal, and subcutaneous--were extracted and analyzed. Data were analyzed by Student's t test, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The cafeteria diet promoted glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia (p < 0.0001), and deposition of retroperitoneal fat (p < 0.005). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the length of the foot process was similar in both groups. The quantitative analyses by transmission electron microscopy revealed that the cafeteria diet reduced the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The intake of lipids and simple carbohydrates were found to be associated with alteration in the glomerular ultrastructure. However, more studies are needed to evaluate not only the effects of high-protein and high-fat diets on components of the glomerular filtration barrier, but also renal physiology.


Asunto(s)
Dieta , Hiperglucemia , Ratas , Animales , Masculino , Ratas Wistar , Dieta/efectos adversos , Riñón , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos
2.
Acta cir. bras ; 39: e392224, 2024. tab, ilus
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1556673

RESUMEN

Purpose: To evaluate, by quantitative and qualitative methods, the glomerular ultrastructure in Wistar rats fed a cafeteria diet. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups at 21 days of age: control (C, n = 10) and cafeteria diet (CAF, n = 8). The animals were followed up until 5 months of age, followed by euthanasia. The blood, kidneys, and fat deposits­­epididymal, retroperitoneal, and subcutaneous­­were extracted and analyzed. Data were analyzed by Student's t test, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The cafeteria diet promoted glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia (p < 0.0001), and deposition of retroperitoneal fat (p < 0.005). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the length of the foot process was similar in both groups. The quantitative analyses by transmission electron microscopy revealed that the cafeteria diet reduced the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The intake of lipids and simple carbohydrates were found to be associated with alteration in the glomerular ultrastructure. However, more studies are needed to evaluate not only the effects of high-protein and high-fat diets on components of the glomerular filtration barrier, but also renal physiology.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Ratas , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Ratas Wistar , Dieta , Riñón
3.
Acta Cir Bras ; 38: e387123, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38055386

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of chronic stress in the prostate of prepubertal and adult rats. METHODS: Thirty-two male rats were assigned into four groups depending on the type of treatment (control or stressed) and the age at which stress was initiated (prepubertal or adult). Restraint stress stimuli were applied for six weeks. Stressed prepubertal and adult rats evaluated immediately after the last stress stimuli were named SP and SA groups, respectively. Age-matched rats were used as control groups (CP and CA). At the end of the experiment, the rats were euthanized, and prostate morphological parameters were evaluated and statistically compared. RESULTS: Application of stress stimuli to the SP group resulted in reduced body weight, but no prostate morphological modification was noted. The SA group showed reduced testosterone level and prostatic epithelium surface density, in comparison to CA group. Further, the prostatic lumen surface density was increased in adult stressed animals, in comparison to adult controls. CONCLUSIONS: The stress stimuli promoted changes in hormonal and morphological parameters in the prostate of adult stressed rats. Prepubertal stressed animals did not presented modifications of prostate morphology.


Asunto(s)
Próstata , Estrés Psicológico , Ratas , Animales , Masculino
4.
Acta cir. bras ; 38: e387123, 2023. tab, ilus
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1527594

RESUMEN

Purpose: To investigate the effects of chronic stress in the prostate of prepubertal and adult rats. Methods: Thirty-two male rats were assigned into four groups depending on the type of treatment (control or stressed) and the age at which stress was initiated (prepubertal or adult). Restraint stress stimuli were applied for six weeks. Stressed prepubertal and adult rats evaluated immediately after the last stress stimuli were named SP and SA groups, respectively. Age-matched rats were used as control groups (CP and CA). At the end of the experiment, the rats were euthanized, and prostate morphological parameters were evaluated and statistically compared. Results: Application of stress stimuli to the SP group resulted in reduced body weight, but no prostate morphological modification was noted. The SA group showed reduced testosterone level and prostatic epithelium surface density, in comparison to CA group. Further, the prostatic lumen surface density was increased in adult stressed animals, in comparison to adult controls. Conclusions: The stress stimuli promoted changes in hormonal and morphological parameters in the prostate of adult stressed rats. Prepubertal stressed animals did not presented modifications of prostate morphology.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Ratas , Próstata , Testosterona , Peso Corporal
5.
Acta Cir Bras ; 36(11): e361103, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34909838

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To compare the penile histoarchitecture of rats euthanized with isoflurane or with ketamine and xylazine. METHODS: Fourteen male rats were divided into two groups: ISO, with animals euthanized with isoflurane; and K+X, with animals euthanized with ketamine (150 mg/kg) associated with xylazine (15 mg/kg). Immediately after the death, the penises were dissected, fixed in a 4% buffered formalin solution, and processed for histomorphometric analysis. The surface densities (Sv) of the corpus cavernosum structures (connective tissue, smooth muscle, sinusoidal space, and elastic fibers) were evaluated using Image J software. The distribution of collagen types I and III was qualitatively assessed. Statistical analyses were performed using the Student's t test for data comparison, considering it statistically significant when p < 0.05. RESULTS: Regarding the Sv of connective tissue, smooth muscle and sinusoidal space, there were no differences between animals in both groups. On the other hand, the animals euthanized with the association of ketamine and xylazine showed the Sv of elastic fibers 24.8% higher in relation to animals euthanized with isoflurane. CONCLUSIONS: The euthanasia method affected one of the morphological parameters of the rat penises. The choice of euthanasia method must be standardized to reduce bias and to obtain reliable and reproducible results.


Asunto(s)
Isoflurano , Ketamina , Animales , Tejido Elástico , Masculino , Pene , Ratas , Xilazina
6.
Acta cir. bras ; 36(11): e361103, 2021. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1349872

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the penile histoarchitecture of rats euthanized with isoflurane or with ketamine and xylazine. Methods: Fourteen male rats were divided into two groups: ISO, with animals euthanized with isoflurane; and K+X, with animals euthanized with ketamine (150 mg/kg) associated with xylazine (15 mg/kg). Immediately after the death, the penises were dissected, fixed in a 4% buffered formalin solution, and processed for histomorphometric analysis. The surface densities (Sv) of the corpus cavernosum structures (connective tissue, smooth muscle, sinusoidal space, and elastic fibers) were evaluated using Image J software. The distribution of collagen types I and III was qualitatively assessed. Statistical analyses were performed using the Student's t test for data comparison, considering it statistically significant when p < 0.05. Results: Regarding the Sv of connective tissue, smooth muscle and sinusoidal space, there were no differences between animals in both groups. On the other hand, the animals euthanized with the association of ketamine and xylazine showed the Sv of elastic fibers 24.8% higher in relation to animals euthanized with isoflurane. Conclusions: The euthanasia method affected one of the morphological parameters of the rat penises. The choice of euthanasia method must be standardized to reduce bias and to obtain reliable and reproducible results.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Pene , Ketamina , Xilazina , Tejido Elástico , Isoflurano
7.
Acta Cir Bras ; 34(10): e201901005, 2019.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31851213

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To quantify and compare the expression of stromal elements in prostate adenocarcinoma of different Gleason scores with non-tumor area (control). METHODS: We obtained 132 specimens from samples of prostate peripheral and transition zone. We analyzed the following elements of the extracellular matrix: collagen fibers, elastic system, smooth muscle fibers and blood vessels. The tumor area and non-tumor area (control) of the TMA (tissue microarray) were photographed and analyzed using the ImageJ software. RESULTS: The comparison between the tumor area and the non-tumor area showed significant differences between stromal prostate elements. There was an increase of collagen fibers in the tumor area, mainly in Gleason 7. Elastic system fibers showed similar result, also from the Gleason 7. Blood vessels showed a significant increase occurred in all analyzed groups. The muscle fibers exhibited a different behavior, with a decrease in relation to the tumor area. CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant difference between the extracellular matrix in prostate cancer compared to the non-tumor area (control) especially in Gleason 7. Important modifications of the prostatic stromal elements strongly correlate with different Gleason scores and can contribute to predict the pathological staging of prostate cancer.


Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/patología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Células del Estroma/patología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Vasos Sanguíneos/patología , Colágeno/análisis , Tejido Elástico/anatomía & histología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Músculo Liso/patología , Clasificación del Tumor , Valores de Referencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Análisis de Matrices Tisulares
8.
Acta cir. bras ; 34(10): e201901005, Oct. 2019. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-1054671

RESUMEN

Abstract Purpose: To quantify and compare the expression of stromal elements in prostate adenocarcinoma of different Gleason scores with non-tumor area (control). Methods: We obtained 132 specimens from samples of prostate peripheral and transition zone. We analyzed the following elements of the extracellular matrix: collagen fibers, elastic system, smooth muscle fibers and blood vessels. The tumor area and non-tumor area (control) of the TMA (tissue microarray) were photographed and analyzed using the ImageJ software. Results: The comparison between the tumor area and the non-tumor area showed significant differences between stromal prostate elements. There was an increase of collagen fibers in the tumor area, mainly in Gleason 7. Elastic system fibers showed similar result, also from the Gleason 7. Blood vessels showed a significant increase occurred in all analyzed groups. The muscle fibers exhibited a different behavior, with a decrease in relation to the tumor area. Conclusions: There is a significant difference between the extracellular matrix in prostate cancer compared to the non-tumor area (control) especially in Gleason 7. Important modifications of the prostatic stromal elements strongly correlate with different Gleason scores and can contribute to predict the pathological staging of prostate cancer.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Células del Estroma/patología , Valores de Referencia , Vasos Sanguíneos/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Colágeno/análisis , Análisis de Matrices Tisulares , Tejido Elástico/anatomía & histología , Clasificación del Tumor , Músculo Liso/patología
9.
Int. j. morphol ; 37(2): 477-480, June 2019. graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-1002246

RESUMEN

The renal glomerulus is coated by fenestrated endothelial cells and externally covered by specialized epithelial cells, known as podocytes. Scanning electron microscopy becomes an important and effective tool for its studies. Normally, samples destined for scanning microscopy are covered with a thin metallic layer. However, this step can be dispensed for some analyzes. We aimed to compare coated and uncoated samples for evaluation of the glomerular morphology of the Wistar rat kidney. Cortical region of the kidney of the 5month-old male Wistar rats were used. The fragments followed the routine procedure for scanning electron microscopy processing. Half of 10 fragments were coated with palladium gold and the remaining were not coated. Auriga Compact FIB - SEM scanning electron microscope was used to observe the samples. Different increases and voltages was evaluated. For the uncoated samples, when using voltages of 2 KV (or higher) a great charging was observed, impairing the use of such voltage. Thus, these samples were always observed under voltage of 0.5 KV. On the other hand, in the coated samples, the use of 2 KV was adequate. Almost as a consequence, in the coated samples, the podocyte structures were better characterized, generating better images. Inversely, in the uncoated samples, it was possible to visualize the desired structures and to detect the morphological characteristics of these. The results showed that it is possible to use kidney samples without previous coating to evaluate the glomerular morphology at the ultrastructural level, serving as a tool in the study of pathologies.


El glomérulo renal está recubierto por células endoteliales fenestradas y cubierto externamente por células epiteliales especializadas, conocidas como podocitos. La microscopía electrónica de barrido se convierte en una herramienta importante y efectiva para sus estudios. Normalmente, las muestras destinadas a microscopía de barrido se cubren con una capa metálica delgada. Sin embargo, este paso se puede dispensar para algunos análisis. El objetivo fue comparar muestras recubiertas y no recubiertas para evaluar la morfología glomerular del riñón de rata Wistar. Se utilizó la región cortical del riñón de ratas Wistar macho de 5 meses de edad. Se realizó el procedimiento de rutina para el procesamiento de microscopía electrónica de barrido. La mitad de 10 fragmentos se recubrieron con oro paladio y los restantes no se recubrieron. Se utilizó un microscopio electrónico de barrido SEM Auriga Compact FIB para observar las muestras. Se evaluaron diferentes aumentos y voltajes. Para las muestras no recubiertas, al usar voltajes de 2 KV (o más) se observó una gran carga, impidiendo el uso de dicho voltaje. Por lo tanto, estas muestras siempre se observaron a bajo voltaje de 0,5 KV. Por otro lado, en las muestras recubiertas, el uso de 2 KV fue adecuado. Como consecuencia, en las muestras recubiertas, las estructuras de los podocitos se caracterizaron mejor, generando mejores imágenes. Inversamente, en las muestras no recubiertas, fue posible visualizar las estructuras deseadas y detectar las características morfológicas de éstas. Los resultados mostraron que es posible utilizar muestras de riñón sin recubrimiento previo para evaluar la morfología glomerular a nivel ultraestructural, que sirve como una herramienta en el estudio de patologías.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo/métodos , Barrera de Filtración Glomerular/ultraestructura , Ratas Wistar , Glomérulos Renales/ultraestructura
10.
Stress ; 22(2): 248-255, 2019 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30600770

RESUMEN

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic stress from the prepubertal to the adult stages or during adulthood on penile morphology in rats. The animals were immobilized in a cylinder for 2 h daily for a total of six weeks to simulate stress. Ten rats were exposed to stress stimulus beginning from the prepubertal age, while nine rats were exposed to stress stimulus only during adulthood. Animals were killed at 24 h after the last stress session for short-term evaluation (SP-S and SA-S), while other age-matched rats were sacrificed at 6 weeks after the last stress session for long-term evaluation (SP-L and SA-L). Age-matched animals were used as controls (CP-S, CA-S, CP-L and CA-L). After treatment, serum testosterone levels and areas of cavernosum structures were evaluated. We observed no changes in serum testosterone levels after stress treatment. Results revealed that the area of the corpus cavernosum without the tunica albuginea in animals in the SA-S group was 16% lower than that in the CA-S group. The smooth muscle was 31% lower in the SP-L group than in the SP-S group and 42% lower in the SA-S group than in the CA-S group. The elastic fiber system was 48% lower in the SP-L group than in the CP-L group and 59% lower in the SA-S group than in the CA-S group. Chronic stress promoted morphological changes in the rat penis and was significantly more pronounced when the stress occurred throughout the adulthood. Chronically applied single stress stimulus caused greater damage to the penis when induced directly during adulthood than when introduced before puberty to adulthood and could be associated with erectile dysfunction.


Asunto(s)
Músculo Liso/patología , Pene/patología , Estrés Psicológico/patología , Animales , Inmovilización , Masculino , Ratas , Maduración Sexual/fisiología , Estrés Psicológico/sangre , Testosterona/sangre
11.
Kidney Blood Press Res ; 43(6): 1919-1926, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30566954

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Stress had been related to physiological and morphological alterations in different organs, however kidney morphology and function after stress conditions are not well-known. To evaluate the effects of chronic stress on renal morphology in prepubertal and adult rats, and to investigate if the effects of induced stress remain stable or worsen following removal of the stress stimuli. METHODS: Forty prepubertal rats (4 weeks old) and thirty six adult rats (10 weeks old) were used. Each age group was divided a into control group and a stressed group. Stressed animals were restrained in rigid tubes 2 hours per day for 6 weeks. Animals were euthanized 24 hours after the last stress stimulus for immediate evaluation (50% of the groups), and 6 weeks after the last stress stimulus for late evaluation (50% of the groups). Kidney weight and volume, cortical-medullar ratio, glomerular volumetric density, volume-weighted glomerular volume, and number of glomeruli per kidney were evaluated using the Image J software. RESULTS: Prepubertal stressed animals showed reduced kidney weight and volume, and increased cortical-medullar ratio in comparison to its control group when evaluated immediately. Furthermore, stressed prepubertal and adult animals evaluated immediately had reduced glomerular volumetric density. Most importantly, all stressed groups exhibited reduced number of glomeruli per kidney. Other analyzed parameters did not difeer significantly the groups. CONCLUSION: Chronic stress induced before and after puberty led to irreversible glomerular loss, however, renal impairment was interrupted by removal of the stress stimuli.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Renales/etiología , Riñón/patología , Estrés Psicológico/complicaciones , Factores de Edad , Animales , Riñón/fisiopatología , Glomérulos Renales/patología , Glomérulos Renales/fisiopatología , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Factores de Tiempo
12.
Acta Cir Bras ; 32(5): 334-341, 2017 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28591362

RESUMEN

PURPOSE:: To investigate the glomerular number after different warm ischemia times. METHODS:: Thirty two pigs were assigned into four groups. Three groups (G10, G20, and G30) were treated with 10, 20, and 30 minutes of left renal warm ischemia. The sham group underwent the same surgery without renal ischemia. The animals were euthanized after 3 weeks, and the kidneys were collected. Right kidneys were used as controls. The kidney weight, volume, cortical-medullar ratio, glomerular volumetric density, volume-weighted mean glomerular volume, and the total number of glomeruli per kidney were obtained. Serum creatinine levels were assessed pre and postoperatively. RESULTS:: Serum creatinine levels did not differ among the groups. All parameters were similar for the sham, G10, and G20 groups upon comparison of the right and left organs. The G30 group pigs' left kidneys had lower weight, volume, and cortical-medullar ratio and 24.6% less glomeruli compared to the right kidney. A negative correlation was found between warm ischemia time and glomerular number. CONCLUSIONS:: About one quarter of glomeruli was lost after 30 minutes of renal warm ischemia. No glomeruli loss was detected before 20 minutes of warm ischemia. However, progressive glomerular loss was associated with increasing warm ischemia time.


Asunto(s)
Corteza Renal/irrigación sanguínea , Glomérulos Renales/irrigación sanguínea , Riñón/irrigación sanguínea , Isquemia Tibia/efectos adversos , Animales , Creatinina/sangre , Riñón/fisiopatología , Riñón/cirugía , Corteza Renal/fisiopatología , Glomérulos Renales/fisiopatología , Glomérulos Renales/cirugía , Masculino , Modelos Animales , Distribución Aleatoria , Sus scrofa , Factores de Tiempo
13.
Acta cir. bras ; 32(5): 334-341, May 2017. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-837710

RESUMEN

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the glomerular number after different warm ischemia times. Methods: Thirty two pigs were assigned into four groups. Three groups (G10, G20, and G30) were treated with 10, 20, and 30 minutes of left renal warm ischemia. The sham group underwent the same surgery without renal ischemia. The animals were euthanized after 3 weeks, and the kidneys were collected. Right kidneys were used as controls. The kidney weight, volume, cortical-medullar ratio, glomerular volumetric density, volume-weighted mean glomerular volume, and the total number of glomeruli per kidney were obtained. Serum creatinine levels were assessed pre and postoperatively. Results: Serum creatinine levels did not differ among the groups. All parameters were similar for the sham, G10, and G20 groups upon comparison of the right and left organs. The G30 group pigs' left kidneys had lower weight, volume, and cortical-medullar ratio and 24.6% less glomeruli compared to the right kidney. A negative correlation was found between warm ischemia time and glomerular number. Conclusions: About one quarter of glomeruli was lost after 30 minutes of renal warm ischemia. No glomeruli loss was detected before 20 minutes of warm ischemia. However, progressive glomerular loss was associated with increasing warm ischemia time.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Isquemia Tibia/efectos adversos , Riñón/irrigación sanguínea , Corteza Renal/irrigación sanguínea , Glomérulos Renales/irrigación sanguínea , Factores de Tiempo , Distribución Aleatoria , Creatinina/sangre , Modelos Animales , Sus scrofa , Riñón/cirugía , Riñón/fisiopatología , Corteza Renal/fisiopatología , Glomérulos Renales/cirugía , Glomérulos Renales/fisiopatología
14.
J Endourol ; 31(5): 517-521, 2017 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28326799

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To compare, with stereological methods, the glomerular loss in kidneys submitted to radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or warm ischemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six male pigs were divided into three groups. Eight animals were allocated in the sham group, which was submitted to laparoscopic dissection of the left renal hilum, without renal ischemia. Eight animals were allocated in the ischemia group, which had the left renal hilum clamped for 30 minutes under laparoscopic access. Ten animals were submitted to RFA of the left kidney lower pole, under laparoscopic visualization. Animals were euthanized 21 days after surgery, when kidneys were collected. Fragments of the upper pole of the left kidney were processed for morphometric analysis. Right kidney was used as self-controls for each animal. Glomerular volumetric density (Vv[glom]); volume-weighted glomerular volume (VWGV); and glomerular density were quantified by stereological methods and compared by Student's t-test and one-way-analysis of variance with Dunnett's post-test. RESULTS: Three animals in the RFA group developed postoperative complications (Urinoma/Hydronephrosis) and were excluded from the analysis. No difference was found among the kidneys submitted to RFA and warm ischemia for all parameters. However, these kidneys showed lower Vv[glom] and glomerular density when compared to its self-controls (right kidneys), and when compared to sham-operated animals (p < 0.05). No difference was observed in regards to VWGV among the groups. CONCLUSION: RFA in pigs determines a significant reduction of glomerular density in the remaining parenchyma. This alteration was comparable to that observed in kidneys submitted to 30 minutes of warm ischemia.


Asunto(s)
Ablación por Catéter/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Renales/cirugía , Glomérulos Renales/fisiopatología , Riñón/cirugía , Laparoscopía/métodos , Isquemia Tibia/métodos , Animales , Disección , Hidronefrosis/cirugía , Isquemia/fisiopatología , Masculino , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/cirugía , Sus scrofa , Porcinos
15.
Acta Cir Bras ; 31(11): 753-758, 2016 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27982263

RESUMEN

PURPOSE:: To evaluate the glomerular loss after arteriovenous or arterial warm ischemia in a swine model. METHODS:: Twenty four pigs were divided into Group Sham (submitted to all surgical steps except the renal ischemia), Group AV (submitted to 30 minutes of warm ischemia by arteriovenous clamping of left kidney vessels), and Group A (submitted to 30 minutes of ischemia by arterial clamping). Right kidneys were used as controls. Weigh, volume, cortical volume, glomerular volumetric density (Vv[Glom]), volume-weighted glomerular volume (VWGV), and the total number of glomeruli were measured for each organ. RESULTS:: Group AV showed a 24.5% reduction in its left kidney Vv[Glom] and a 25.4% reduction in the VWGV, when compared to the right kidney. Reductions were also observed when compared to kidneys of sham group. There was a reduction of 19.2% in the total number of glomeruli in AV kidneys. No difference was observed in any parameters analyzed on the left kidneys from group A. CONCLUSIONS:: Renal warm ischemia of 30 minutes by arterial clamping did not caused significant glomerular damage, but arteriovenous clamping caused significant glomerular loss in a swine model. Clamping only the renal artery should be considered to minimize renal injury after partial nephrectomies.


Asunto(s)
Glomérulos Renales/irrigación sanguínea , Laparoscopía/métodos , Nefrectomía/métodos , Arteria Renal/cirugía , Isquemia Tibia/métodos , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Glomérulos Renales/anatomía & histología , Glomérulos Renales/fisiopatología , Masculino , Tamaño de los Órganos , Porcinos
16.
Acta Cir Bras ; 31(10): 650-654, 2016 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27828597

RESUMEN

PURPOSE:: To investigate the protective effect of L-arginine on the prostate (nonneoplasic) of rats with radiation-induced injury. METHODS:: Twenty-nine Wistar rats, male adult, allocated into three groups: Control group (C) was not exposed to irradiation (n=10); Radiated group (R) had undergone pelvic irradiation (n=10); Supplemented and radiated group (R+S) had undergone pelvic irradiation plus L-arginine supplementation (n=9). The animals were observed for signs of toxicity. After euthanization, the prostate was dissected under magnification and stained by hematoxylin and eosin to study acinar structures and stained with Picrosirius red for collagen analysis. RESULTS:: After radiation exposure, all animals presented diarrhea, but supplementation with L-arginine reduced this effect. The weight gain in the R+S group was significantly higher than in the C and R groups. In the R+S group the collagen density and the prostate acinar area was similar to the R and C groups. Epithelial height was significantly reduced in group R compared with group C (p<0.0001). When comparing the group R+S with R, a statistical difference was observed to be present (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS:: Pelvic radiation promotes systemic effects and some structural modifications in the ventral prostate of rats. These modifications can be prevented by oral supplementation with L-arginine.


Asunto(s)
Arginina/farmacología , Suplementos Dietéticos , Próstata/efectos de los fármacos , Próstata/efectos de la radiación , Traumatismos por Radiación/prevención & control , Protectores contra Radiación/farmacología , Animales , Peso Corporal , Colágeno/análisis , Masculino , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Pelvis/efectos de la radiación , Próstata/patología , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas Wistar , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Resultado del Tratamiento
17.
Acta cir. bras ; 31(11): 753-758, Nov. 2016. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-827658

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To evaluate the glomerular loss after arteriovenous or arterial warm ischemia in a swine model. METHODS: Twenty four pigs were divided into Group Sham (submitted to all surgical steps except the renal ischemia), Group AV (submitted to 30 minutes of warm ischemia by arteriovenous clamping of left kidney vessels), and Group A (submitted to 30 minutes of ischemia by arterial clamping). Right kidneys were used as controls. Weigh, volume, cortical volume, glomerular volumetric density (Vv[Glom]), volume-weighted glomerular volume (VWGV), and the total number of glomeruli were measured for each organ. RESULTS: Group AV showed a 24.5% reduction in its left kidney Vv[Glom] and a 25.4% reduction in the VWGV, when compared to the right kidney. Reductions were also observed when compared to kidneys of sham group. There was a reduction of 19.2% in the total number of glomeruli in AV kidneys. No difference was observed in any parameters analyzed on the left kidneys from group A. CONCLUSIONS: Renal warm ischemia of 30 minutes by arterial clamping did not caused significant glomerular damage, but arteriovenous clamping caused significant glomerular loss in a swine model. Clamping only the renal artery should be considered to minimize renal injury after partial nephrectomies.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Arteria Renal/cirugía , Laparoscopía/métodos , Isquemia Tibia/métodos , Glomérulos Renales/irrigación sanguínea , Nefrectomía/métodos , Tamaño de los Órganos , Porcinos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Glomérulos Renales/anatomía & histología , Glomérulos Renales/fisiopatología
18.
Acta cir. bras ; 31(10): 650-654, Oct. 2016. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-827653

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To investigate the protective effect of L-arginine on the prostate (nonneoplasic) of rats with radiation-induced injury. METHODS: Twenty-nine Wistar rats, male adult, allocated into three groups: Control group (C) was not exposed to irradiation (n=10); Radiated group (R) had undergone pelvic irradiation (n=10); Supplemented and radiated group (R+S) had undergone pelvic irradiation plus L-arginine supplementation (n=9). The animals were observed for signs of toxicity. After euthanization, the prostate was dissected under magnification and stained by hematoxylin and eosin to study acinar structures and stained with Picrosirius red for collagen analysis. RESULTS: After radiation exposure, all animals presented diarrhea, but supplementation with L-arginine reduced this effect. The weight gain in the R+S group was significantly higher than in the C and R groups. In the R+S group the collagen density and the prostate acinar area was similar to the R and C groups. Epithelial height was significantly reduced in group R compared with group C (p<0.0001). When comparing the group R+S with R, a statistical difference was observed to be present (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Pelvic radiation promotes systemic effects and some structural modifications in the ventral prostate of rats. These modifications can be prevented by oral supplementation with L-arginine.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Arginina/farmacología , Próstata/efectos de los fármacos , Próstata/efectos de la radiación , Traumatismos por Radiación/prevención & control , Protectores contra Radiación/farmacología , Suplementos Dietéticos , Pelvis/efectos de la radiación , Próstata/patología , Peso Corporal , Distribución Aleatoria , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Colágeno/análisis , Resultado del Tratamiento , Ratas Wistar , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo
19.
Biomed Res Int ; 2015: 832156, 2015.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26413547

RESUMEN

The use of morphometrical tools in biomedical research permits the accurate comparison of specimens subjected to different conditions, and the surface density of structures is commonly used for this purpose. The traditional point-counting method is reliable but time-consuming, with computer-aided methods being proposed as an alternative. The aim of this study was to compare the surface density data of penile corpus cavernosum trabecular smooth muscle in different groups of rats, measured by two observers using the point-counting or color-based segmentation method. Ten normotensive and 10 hypertensive male rats were used in this study. Rat penises were processed to obtain smooth muscle immunostained histological slices and photomicrographs captured for analysis. The smooth muscle surface density was measured in both groups by two different observers by the point-counting method and by the color-based segmentation method. Hypertensive rats showed an increase in smooth muscle surface density by the two methods, and no difference was found between the results of the two observers. However, surface density values were higher by the point-counting method. The use of either method did not influence the final interpretation of the results, and both proved to have adequate reproducibility. However, as differences were found between the two methods, results obtained by either method should not be compared.


Asunto(s)
Técnicas Histológicas/métodos , Hipertensión/patología , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodos , Músculo Liso/anatomía & histología , Pene/anatomía & histología , Animales , Humanos , Masculino , Fotomicrografía , Ratas
20.
Acta Cir Bras ; 30(7): 478-83, 2015 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26270139

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To evaluate the penile morphological modifications of pubertal and adult rats chronically treated with supra-physiological doses of anabolic androgenic steroids. METHODS: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: two control groups, 105- and 65-day-old (C105 and C65, respectively) injected with peanut oil (vehicle); and two treated groups, 105- and 65-day-old (T105 and T65, respectively) injected with nandrolone decanoate at a dose of 10 mg Kg-1 of body weight. The rats were injected once a week for eight weeks. The rats were then killed and their penises were processed for histomorphometric analyses. The mean of each parameter was statistically compared. RESULTS: A corpus cavernosum reduction of 12.5% and 10.9% was observed in the T105 and T65 groups, respectively, when compared with their respective control groups. The cavernosum smooth muscle surface density diminished by 5.6% and 12.9% in the T65 and T105 groups, respectively, when compared with their controls. In contrast, the sinusoidal space increased by 17% in the T105 group and decreased by 9.6% in the T65 group. CONCLUSION: The use of supra-physiological doses of AAS promotes structural changes in the rat penis, by altering the proportions of corpus cavernosum tissues, in both pubertal and adult treated animals.


Asunto(s)
Anabolizantes/efectos adversos , Andrógenos/efectos adversos , Pene/efectos de los fármacos , Esteroides/efectos adversos , Factores de Edad , Anabolizantes/administración & dosificación , Anatomía Transversal , Andrógenos/administración & dosificación , Animales , Colágeno/análisis , Masculino , Músculo Liso/efectos de los fármacos , Nandrolona/administración & dosificación , Nandrolona/efectos adversos , Nandrolona/análogos & derivados , Nandrolona Decanoato , Pene/patología , Ratas Wistar , Maduración Sexual/efectos de los fármacos , Esteroides/administración & dosificación
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