Deaths in Open Water Swimming Races in Brazil from 2009 to 2019.

Since the inclusion in the Olympic Games (2008), open swimming races have attracted greater media attention and, therefore, have a greater number of practitioners, especially in Brazil, an extremely favorable country for this sport. However, increasing reports of fatal incidents in open water races brought the medical and scientific community to attention. The aim of this study was to review the characteristics of deaths in open waters events in Brazil from 2009 to 2019. The survey was divided into 3 steps: 1) contacting sports-related federations and companies, including swimming and triathlon federations, master associations and event organizing companies; 2) internet search; and 3) personal communication with athletes, coaches, organizers, and health personnel. A total of 12 deaths were observed in open water swimming races, including triathlon swimming segment races in Brazil from 2009 to 2019. The average was 1.1 deaths per year, whereas in the last 3 years (2017-2019) the average was 3 deaths per year. The male participants accounted for 11 deaths (91.7%), the average age was 47 years old, experienced athletes were more affected (80%), and incidents occurred mainly in ocean waters (75%). The increase of deaths in the last 3 years draws attention, and the best way to reduce the deaths by drowning in open waters in Brazil, is to understand the profile and causes, to propose solutions.

The Effect of Physical Activity on Motor Skills of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The present study was aimed at analyzing the effect of physical activity on motor coordination in children with ASD. METHODS: On 28 June 2021, a systematic review with meta-analysis was performed using the following databases: MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS, PEDro, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Science Direct. We analyzed the methodological quality and risk of bias using the Jadad scale and Cochrane tool, respectively. Motor coordination results were meta-analyzed using the RevMan program. Two independent researchers used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool to assess the level of evidence from the meta-analysis. RESULTS: We found four studies in the listed databases and five randomized clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis that included 109 children with ASD. Children with ASD who performed physical activity did not present significantly better motor coordination than control children (p = 0.12). CONCLUSIONS: Considering the clinical importance of physical activity for children with ASD, this systematic review with meta-analysis showed that physical activity had no statistically significant effects on coordination in individuals with ASD.

New species of Rineloricaria (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Paranaba River basin, Brazil.

Rineloricaria is a genus of armored catfish encompassing 67 valid species that are widely distributed throughout the Neotropical region. A new species of Rineloricaria is described from the Paranaba River, Upper Paran River basin, southeastern Brazil. Rineloricaria rodriquezae sp. n. is distinguished from its congeners by the combination of the following characters: caudal-fin color pattern with basal dark spot and subterminal dark bar on branched rays interspersed with a hyaline area; five series of lateral plates with two keeled in the mid-dorsal series around the insertion of the first ray of dorsal fin; and unbranched caudal-fin ray extended as long filaments.

New species of the Corumbataia cuestae group (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Rio Tocantins basin, with comments on its phylogenetic relationships

A new species of Corumbataia is described from Rio Maranhão, Rio Tocantins basin, central Brazil. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by the presence of a small, naked area on snout tip; by having the abdomen covered with small platelets forming a shield which reaches the lateral mid-ventral plates; by the anterior profile of the head rounded in dorsal view; by the lower lip not reaching the transversal line of the pectoral girdle; and by the presence of 28 or 29 vertebrae. High genetic divergence in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) further supports the validity of this new species. Our phylogenetic analysis shows a derived subclade in Corumbataia, herein named as the Corumbataia cuestae group, composed of the new species plus C. cuestae, C. tocantinensis, C. britskii, C. liliai, and C. lucianoi. This group is defined by having a conspicuous crest of hypertrophied odontodes on head; absence of the adipose fin or a single series of platelets at adipose-fin position; and anastomosis of the infraorbital and otic sensory canals over the pterotic-supracleithrum. Here we also restrict the distribution of C. tocantinensis to the Rio Araguaia basin.(AU)

Uma nova espécie de Corumbataiaé descrita para o Rio Maranhão, na bacia do Rio Tocantins na região central do Brasil. A nova espécie é diagnosticada dos demais congêneres pela presença de uma pequena área nua na ponta do focinho; por possuir o abdômen coberto por pequenas placas formando um escudo que alcança as placas laterais mid-ventrais; perfil anterior da cabeça arredondado em vista dorsal; lábio inferior não alcançando a linha transversal da cintura peitoral; e presença de 28 ou 29 vértebras. Altos valores de divergência genética também suportam a validade dessa nova espécie. Nossa análise filogenética encontrou um subclado derivado em Corumbataia, aqui denominado grupo Corumbataia cuestae, composto pela nova espécie mais C. cuestae, C. tocantinensis, C. britskii, C. liliai e C. lucianoi. Esse grupo é definido por possuir uma crista conspícua de odontódeos hipertrofiados na cabeça; ausência de nadadeira adiposa ou série única de placas na posição da nadadeira adiposa; anastomose dos canais sensoriais infraorbital e ótico sobre o pterótico-supracleitro. Aqui, nós também restringimos a distribuição de C. tocantinensisà bacia do Rio Araguaia.(AU)

Acute effects of different static stretching exercises orders on cardiovascular and autonomic responses.

The present study examined the acute effects of static stretching (SS) exercise order on cardiac responses. Seventeen individuals were submitted to two experimental SS session: Order "A" (larger to small muscles groups) and Order "B" (small to larger muscles groups). Heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), rate-pressure product (RPP) oxygen saturation (SpO2), and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured at rest, midpoint of the session, immediately after the session, and in 5, 10, and 20 minutes after. SS increased HR and RPP in both orders, while reducing the rMSSD index and SpO2. In the order "A", the SBP and DBP increased at the midpoint of the session. In the order "B", the SBP and DBP increased only immediately after the end of the session. DBP and RPP significantly higher in order "A" compared to order "B" in the midpoint of the session. It was also demonstrated higher values of DBP and minor mean R-R intervals in order "B" at 10 min-post session. SS increased cardiac overload in both performed orders. The overload generated by the SS of the larger muscles groups was greater when compared to the smaller muscles groups, suggesting that the exercise order interferes in cardiac overload.

Lymphocyte CD4+ cell count, strength improvements, heart rate and body composition of HIV-positive patients during a 3-month strength training program.

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of information regarding the positive effects of different types of physical training on HIV-positive patient immune function, body composition and physical fitness. The goal of this study was two-fold: 1) to determine the effects of a three-month progressive strength training program on lymphocyte CD4+ cell counts in HIV-positive patients; and 2) to measure strength improvements, body composition and cardiovascular alterations in HIV-positive patients after a strength training program. METHODS: Sixteen HIV-positive male subjects participated in a strength-training program. CD4+ cell count, heart rate body composition and strength measurements were acquired at rest two days before and two days after the program. RESULTS: The average CD4+ cell count was increased (%=23%, P=0.0005), and all strength tests also showed improvement (%=95%, P=0,0001). Patient resting heart rate decreased (%=9%, P=0.0042), as did the skinfold sum (%=16%, P=0.002). Limb circumference sum and body weight did not change. CONCLUSIONS: Considering that a decrease in CD4+ cell count, muscle mass and overall physical fitness are expected results of HIV infection, the strength training protocol described here is an effective and safe way to improve immune function, body composition and cardiovascular fitness in HIV-positive patients. The results provided an important evidence for the effectiveness of a 3-month progressive resistance exercise training program at increasing immune function and physical fitness, strongly recommending its inclusion in the standardized treatment plan of HIV-positive patients.

Acute resistance exercise with blood flow restriction effects on heart rate, double product, oxygen saturation and perceived exertion.

The aim of this study was to compare the acute effect of resistance exercise (RE) with and without blood flow restriction (BFR) on heart rate (HR), double product (DP), oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Twenty-four men (21·79 ± 3·21 years) performed three experimental protocols in a random order (crossover): (i) high-intensity RE at 80% of 1RM (HI), (ii) low-intensity RE at 20% of 1RM (LI) and (iii) low-intensity RE at 20% of 1RM combined with partial blood flow restriction (LI+BFR). HR, blood pressure, SpO2 and RPE were assessed. The data were analysed using repeated measures analysis of variance and the Wilcoxon test for RPE. The results indicated that all protocols significantly increased HR, both immediately postexercise and during the subsequent 60 min (P<0·05), and postexercise DP (P<0·05), but there were no differences between protocols. The protocols of LI and LI+BFR reduced postexercise SpO2 (P = 0·033, P = 0·007), and the LI+BFR protocol presented a perception of greater exertion in the lower limbs compared with HI (P = 0·022). We conclude that RE performed at low intensity combined with BFR seems to reduce the SpO2 after exercise and increase HR and DP while maintaining a perception of greater exertion on the lower limbs.

Perfil antropométrico, composición corporal y somatotipo de jóvenes futbolistas brasileños de diferentes categorías y posiciones / Perfil antropométrico, composição corporal e somatotipo de jovens atletas de futebol brasileiros de diferentes categorías e posições / Anthropometric profile, body composition and somatotype of brazilian youth soccer players of different categories and positions

El objetivo de este estudio es identificar y describir las medidas antropométricas, composición corporal y somatotipo de futbolistas brasileños en varias categorías y posiciones de accionamiento en el campo. La muestra de este estudio está conformada por un grupo de 1.115 jugadores de fútbol masculino y divididos en ocho grupos: Sub 07 (n=60); Sub 09 (n=75); Sub 11 (n=140); Sub 13 (n=182); Sub 15 (n=184); Sub 17 (n=166); Sub 20 (n=144) y Profesionales (n=164). Se utilizó una estadística descriptiva (media ± desviación estándar) a través del SSPS y utlilizando v21 "One-way ANOVA" complementando la prueba "Bonferroni" de significância, considerando um valor p<0,05. Las variables antropométricas relacionados con la composición corporal: peso corporal, altura, porcentaje de grasa corporal, SDC (suma de los pliegues cutáneos), mostraron la evolución perfecta entre las categorías analizadas, lo que significa que existe una armonía en el proceso de evolución entre los grupos.

Objetivo: identificar e descrever as medidas antropométricas, de composição corporal e do somatotipo de jogadores brasileiros em diversas categorias e posições no campo. Método: a amostra consistiu em 1.115 jogadores de futebol do sexo masculino e divididos em oito grupos: Under 07(n = 60); Sub-09 (n = 75); Sub 11 (n = 140); Sub 13 (n = 182); Sub 15 (n =184); Sub 17 (n = 166); Sub-20 (n = 144) e Professional (n = 164). Estatística descritiva (média ± desvio padrão) foi utilizada através do SPSS, utilizandov21 “one-way ANOVA”, complementar “Bonferroni” significado, um teste considerando o valor de p <0,05. Resultado: as variáveis antropométricas relacionadas à composição corporal: massa corporal, estatura, percentual de gordura corporal, SDC (somatório das dobras cutâneas) mostraram a evolução perfeita entre as categorias analisadas. Conclusão: há harmonia no processo de evolução entre grupos.

Objective: To identify and describe the anthropometric measurements,body composition and somatotype of Brazilian players in various categories and positions in the field. Method: The sample consisted of 1,115 malesoccer players and divided into eight groups: Under 07 (n = 60); Sub-09(n = 75); Sub 11 (n = 140); Sub 13 (n = 182); Sub 15 (n = 184); Under 17(n = 166); U-20 (n = 144) and Professional (n = 164). Descriptive statistics(mean ± standard deviation) was used through SPSS, using v21 “one-wayANOVA”, complementary “Bonferroni” significance test considering thevalue of p <0.05. Results: Anthropometric variables related to body composition:body weight, height, body fat percentage, SDC (sum of skin folds)showed the perfect evolution of the categories analyzed. Conclusion: thereis harmony in the evolution process between groups.

Hypotensive effects and performance responses between different resistance training intensities and exercise orders in apparently health women.

To compare the hypotensive effect and performance responses between different resistance training intensities and different exercise orders in apparently healthy women, thirteen apparently healthy women performed four resistance training sessions in randomized order. One group performed the resistance training exercises with 60% of 1RM (SeqA60%): leg press (LG), chest press (CP), leg extension (LE), lat pull down (PD), leg curl (LC) and biceps curl (BC). Another group performed the resistance training exercises with 80% of 1RM (SeqA80%) with the same exercise order. Two other groups performed the resistance training exercises with 60% (SeqB60%) and 80% of 1RM (SeqB80%), however, in another sequence of exercises: CP, PD, BC or LG, LE, LC. The blood pressure was measured before, and at every 15 min until 60 min postexercise. The different intensities and different exercise orders resulted in a significant hypotensive effect in systolic and diastolic blood pressures that remained until 15 min. In addition, significant reductions in systolic blood pressure were observed at 30 min for SeqA in both intensities and for SeqB with intensities of 80% of 1RM. However, there was no significant difference between intensities and different prescription orders (P>0·05). Although the current study showed significant decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures after different resistance training sessions, the manipulation of intensity and exercise sequence, such as those used in the present study, was not able to generate significant changes in the duration and magnitude of hypotensive effect.

Chronic effects of different resistance training exercise orders on flexibility in elite judo athletes.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of twelve weeks of resistance training with different exercise orders (upper limbs and lower limbs vs. lower limbs and upper limbs) on flexibility levels in elite judo athletes. Thirty-nine male athletes were randomly divided into 3 groups as follows: G1 (n = 13), G2 (n = 13), and CG (n = 13). The flexibility was assessed on 8 joint movements: shoulder flexion and shoulder extension, shoulder abduction and shoulder adduction, trunk flexion and trunk extension, and hip flexion and hip extension. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs (time [pre-experimental vs. post-experimental] × group [G1 vs. G2 vs. CG]) were used to compare the differences between pre- and post-test situations and the differences among groups. The results from the within-group (pre vs. post) comparisons demonstrated significant increases (p < 0.05) in the range of motion of 3.93 and 5.96% for G1 and G2 training groups, respectively, in all joints. No significant changes (p > 0.05) were observed for the CG. The results from the between-group comparisons demonstrated no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the range of motion between G1post vs. G2post (1.15%). Although both exercise orders (from upper to lower limbs and from lower to upper limbs) increased flexibility, no significant variations were observed between the different exercise orders. Nevertheless, these findings demonstrate that flexibility gains could be obtained with a resistance training program, and thus, more time can be devoted to sports-specific judo training.