Dense tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in liver metastasis from colorectal cancer are related to improved overall survival.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) represent a host-tumor interaction, frequently signifying an augmented immunological response. Nonetheless, implications with survival outcomes in patients with colorectal carcinoma liver metastasis (CRLM) warrant rigorous validation. The objective was to demonstrate the association between TILs and survival in patients with CRLM. METHOD: In a retrospective evaluation conducted in a single institution, we assessed all patients who underwent hepatectomy due to CRLM between 2014 and 2018. Comprehensive medical documentation reviews were executed. TILs were assessed by a liver pathologist, blinded to the clinical information, in all surgical slides. RESULTS: This retrospective cohort included 112 patients. Median overall survival (OS) was 58 months and disease-free survival (DFS) was 12 months for the entire cohort. Comparison between groups showed a median OS of 81 months in the dense TILs group and 40 months in the weak/absent group (p = 0.001), and DFS was 14 months versus 9 months (p = 0.041). Multivariable analysis showed that TILs were an independent predictor of OS (HR 1.95; p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS: Dense TILs are a pivotal prognostic indicator, correlating with enhanced OS. Including TILs information in histopathological evaluations should refine the clinical decision-making process for this group of patients.

BRAZILIAN GASTRIC CANCER ASSOCIATION GUIDELINES (PART 2): UPDATE ON TREATMENT.

BACKGROUND: : The II Brazilian Consensus on Gastric Cancer of the Brazilian Gastric Cancer Association BGCA (Part 1) was recently published. On this occasion, countless specialists working in the treatment of this disease expressed their opinion in the face of the statements presented. AIM: : To present the BGCA Guidelines (Part 2) regarding indications for surgical treatment, operative techniques, extension of resection and multimodal treatment. METHODS: To formulate these guidelines, the authors carried out an extensive and current review regarding each declaration present in the II Consensus, using the Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Library and SciELO databases initially with the following descriptors: gastric cancer, gastrectomy, lymphadenectomy, multimodal treatment. In addition, each statement was classified according to the level of evidence and degree of recommendation. RESULTS: : Of the 43 statements present in this study, 11 (25,6%) were classified with level of evidence A, 20 (46,5%) B and 12 (27,9%) C. Regarding the degree of recommendation, 18 (41,9%) statements obtained grade of recommendation 1, 14 (32,6%) 2a, 10 (23,3%) 2b e one (2,3%) 3. CONCLUSION: : The guidelines complement of the guidelines presented here allows surgeons and oncologists who work to combat gastric cancer to offer the best possible treatment, according to the local conditions available.

Brazilian gastric cancer association guidelines (part 2): update on treatment / Diretrizes da associação brasileira de câncer gástrico (parte 2): atualização sobre o tratamento

ABSTRACT Background : The II Brazilian Consensus on Gastric Cancer of the Brazilian Gastric Cancer Association BGCA (Part 1) was recently published. On this occasion, countless specialists working in the treatment of this disease expressed their opinion in the face of the statements presented. Aim : To present the BGCA Guidelines (Part 2) regarding indications for surgical treatment, operative techniques, extension of resection and multimodal treatment. Methods: To formulate these guidelines, the authors carried out an extensive and current review regarding each declaration present in the II Consensus, using the Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Library and SciELO databases initially with the following descriptors: gastric cancer, gastrectomy, lymphadenectomy, multimodal treatment. In addition, each statement was classified according to the level of evidence and degree of recommendation. Results : Of the 43 statements present in this study, 11 (25,6%) were classified with level of evidence A, 20 (46,5%) B and 12 (27,9%) C. Regarding the degree of recommendation, 18 (41,9%) statements obtained grade of recommendation 1, 14 (32,6%) 2a, 10 (23,3%) 2b e one (2,3%) 3. Conclusion : The guidelines complement of the guidelines presented here allows surgeons and oncologists who work to combat gastric cancer to offer the best possible treatment, according to the local conditions available.

RESUMO Racional: O II Consenso Brasileiro de Câncer Gástrico da Associação Brasileira de Câncer Gástrico ABCG (Parte 1) foi recentemente publicado. Nesta ocasião inúmeros especialistas que atuam no tratamento desta doença expressaram suas opiniões diante declarações apresentadas. Objetivo: Apresentar as Diretrizes da ABCG (Parte 2) quanto às indicações de tratamento cirúrgico, técnicas operatórias, extensão de ressecção e terapia combinada. Métodos: Para formulação destas diretrizes os autores realizaram extensa e atual revisão referente a cada declaração presente no II Consenso, utilizando as bases Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Library e SciELO, inicialmente com os seguintes descritores: câncer gástrico, gastrectomia, linfadenectomia, terapia combinada. Ainda, cada declaração foi classificada de acordo com o nível de evidência e grau de recomendação. Resultados: Das 43 declarações presentes neste estudo, 11 (25,6%) foram classificadas com nível de evidência A, 20 (46,5%) B e 12 (27,9%) C. Quanto ao grau de recomendação, 18 (41,9%) declarações obtiveram grau de recomendação 1, 14 (32,6%) 2a, 10 (23,3%) 2b e um (2,3%) 3. Conclusão: O complemento das diretrizes aqui presentes possibilita que cirurgiões e oncologistas que atuam no combate ao câncer gástrico possam oferecer o melhor tratamento possível, de acordo com as condições locais disponíveis.

Primary Tumor Location Is a Predictor of Poor Prognosis in Patients with Locally Advanced Esophagogastric Cancer Treated with Perioperative Chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Esophagogastric cancer (EGC) is a leading neoplasm worldwide. Perioperative chemotherapy (periCT) is currently a standard of care for most patients (pts). Prevalence of esophagogastric junction (EGJ) tumors is increasing over the last years. METHODS: The aim of this study was to retrospectively search for prognostic factors in pts. with locally advanced EGC treated with periCT. Three-year overall survival (OS) and Event-Free Survival (EFS) were main end-points. HER-2 positive tumors were defined by immunohistochemistry or FISH. RESULTS: Between June/2007 and November/2015, 128 pts. started periCT for esophagogastric junction (EGJ) or gastric adenocarcinoma (GC). Median age was 59.5 y and 64% were male. Primary site was EGJ in 27% and 65% were cN+. Diffuse subtype was seen in 42%. Ninety-seven pts. were assessed for HER-2; 14 (14.4%) were positive. After median follow-up time of 45 m, 48 deaths occurred. The 3-year OS and EFS rate was 61.3% and 51.2%, respectively. Main prognostic factors were: AJCC ypT3-T4yN1-N3 (HR 6.75 p 0.002) and EGJ primary (HR 2.64, p 0.004). Overall HER-2 was not prognostic. Still, a difference in 3-year OS was observed for GC/HER2+ compared to EGJ/HER2+ (88.9% versus 20%, p = 0.002). This difference is greater for 3-year EFS with no patient with EGJ/HER2+ free-of-event against 62.5% for GC/HER+ (p = 0.011). CONCLUSION: In our analysis, pathological staging and primary site were main prognostic factors. Moreover, a small group of EGJ/HER2+ had very poor survival.

Ii brazilian consensus on gastric cancer by the brazilian gastric cancer association / Ii consenso brasileiro de câncer gástrico realizado pela associação brasileira de câncer gástrico

ABSTRACT Background: Since the publication of the first Brazilian Consensus on Gastric Cancer (GC) in 2012 carried out by the Brazilian Gastric Cancer Association, new concepts on diagnosis, staging, treatment and follow-up have been incorporated. Aim: This new consensus is to promote an update to professionals working in the fight against GC and to provide guidelines for the management of patients with this condition. Methods: Fifty-nine experts answered 67 statements regarding the diagnosis, staging, treatment and prognosis of GC with five possible alternatives: 1) fully agree; 2) partially agree; 3) undecided; 4) disagree and 5) strongly disagree A consensus was adopted when at least 80% of the sum of the answers "fully agree" and "partially agree" was reached. This article presents only the responses of the participating experts. Comments on each statement, as well as a literature review, will be presented in future publications. Results: Of the 67 statements, there was consensus in 50 (74%). In 10 declarations, there was 100% agreement. Conclusion: The gastric cancer treatment has evolved considerably in recent years. This consensus gathers consolidated principles in the last decades, new knowledge acquired recently, as well as promising perspectives on the management of this disease.

RESUMO Racional: Desde a publicação do primeiro Consenso Brasileiro sobre Câncer Gástrico em 2012 realizado pela Associação Brasileira de Câncer Gástrico (ABCG), novos conceitos sobre o diagnóstico, estadiamento, tratamento e seguimento foram incorporados. Objetivo: Promover uma atualização aos profissionais que atuam no combate ao câncer gástrico (CG) e fornecer diretrizes quanto ao manejo dos pacientes portadores desta afecção. Métodos: Cinquenta e nove especialistas responderam 67 declarações sobre o diagnóstico, estadiamento, tratamento e prognóstico do CG com cinco alternativas possíveis: 1) concordo plenamente; 2) concordo parcialmente; 3) indeciso; 4) discordo e 5) discordo fortemente. Foi considerado consenso a concordância de pelo menos 80% da soma das respostas "concordo plenamente" e "concordo parcialmente". Este artigo apresenta apenas as respostas dos especialistas participantes. Os comentários sobre cada declaração, assim como uma revisão da literatura serão apresentados em publicações futuras. Resultados: Das 67 declarações, houve consenso em 50 (74%). Em 10 declarações, houve concordância de 100%. Conclusão: O tratamento do câncer gástrico evoluiu consideravelmente nos últimos anos. Este consenso reúne princípios consolidados nas últimas décadas, novos conhecimentos adquiridos recentemente, assim como perspectivas promissoras sobre o manejo desta doença.

Role of staging laparoscopy in the management of Pancreatic Duct Carcinoma (PDAC): Single-center experience from a tertiary hospital in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Proper staging is critical to the management of pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC). Laparoscopy has been used to stage patients without gross metastatic disease with variable success. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to identify the frequency of patients diagnosed by laparoscopy with occult metastatic disease. Also, we looked for variables related to a higher chance of occult metastasis. METHODS: Patients with PDAC submitted to staging laparoscopy either immediately before pancreatectomy or as a separate procedure between January 2010 and December 2016 were included. None presented gross metastatic disease at initial staging. We used logistic regression to search for variables associated with metastatic disease. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 63 patients. Among all patients, nine (16.7%) had occult metastases at laparoscopy. Unresectable tumor (Odds ratio = 18.0, P = 0.03), increasing tumor size (Odds ratio = 1.36, P = 0.01), and abdominal pain (Odds ratio = 5.6, P = 0.04) significantly predicted the risk of occult metastases in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, only tumor size predicted the risk of occult metastases. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy remains a valuable tool in PDAC staging. Patients with either large or unresectable tumors, or presenting with abdominal pain present the highest risk for occult intra-abdominal metastases.

Gastric Pouch Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma With a Mixed Adenocarcinoma Component After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.

The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is one of the most common procedures currently performed for surgical treatment of patients with severe obesity. Gastric cancer after bariatric surgery is not common, with most of them arising in the excluded stomach. Gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas are a rare type of stomach malignancy, composed of both adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine tumor-cell components, with the latter comprising at least 30% of the whole neoplasm. In this article, we report a unique case of a mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma with a mixed adenocarcinoma (tubular and poorly cohesive) component arising in the gastric pouch of a patient who underwent previous Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for glycemic control. Since stomach cancer is not usual in patients who have formerly undergone bariatric surgery and symptoms tend to be nonspecific, such diagnosis is often rendered at an advanced stage. Full assessment of these patients when presenting such vague symptoms is critical for an early cancer diagnosis.

A proposal of Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology (BSSO/SBCO) for standardizing cytoreductive surgery (CRS) plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) procedures in Brazil: pseudomixoma peritonei, appendiceal tumors and malignant peritoneal mesothelioma / Proposta de padronização da Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Oncológica (BSSO/SBCO) para procedimentos de citorredução cirúrgica (CRS) e quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica (HIPEC) no Brasil: pseudomixoma peritoneal, tumores do apêndice cecal e mesotelioma peritoneal maligno

ABSTRACT Cytoreductive surgery plus hypertermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy has emerged as a major comprehensive treatment of peritoneal malignancies and is currently the standard of care for appendiceal epithelial neoplasms and pseudomyxoma peritonei syndrome as well as malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. Unfortunately, there are some worldwide variations of the cytoreductive surgery and hypertermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy techniques since no single technique has so far demonstrated its superiority over the others. Therefore, standardization of practices might enhance better comparisons between outcomes. In these settings, the Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology considered it important to present a proposal for standardizing cytoreductive surgery plus hypertermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy procedures in Brazil, with a special focus on producing homogeneous data for the developing Brazilian register for peritoneal surface malignancies.

RESUMO A cirurgia citorredutora com quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica emergiu como um importante tratamento das neoplasias peritoneais e é, atualmente, o padrão de atendimento para neoplasias epiteliais do apêndice associadas à síndrome de pseudomixoma peritoneal, bem como para o mesotelioma peritoneal maligno difuso. No mundo, existem algumas variações reconhecidas das técnicas de cirurgia citorredutora e quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica, entretanto nenhuma técnica até agora demonstrou sua superioridade sobre o outra. Portanto, a padronização destes procedimentos poderia melhorar a prática clínica e permitir a comparação adequada entre os resultados. Neste cenário, a Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Oncológica considera importante a apresentação de uma proposta de padronização de procedimentos de cirurgia citorredutora com quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica no Brasil, com um foco especial na produção de dados homogêneos para o desenvolvimento do registro brasileiro das neoplasias peritoneais.

Fatores prognósticos em câncer gástrico: correlação com variáveis clínico-patológicas, terapêutica e sobrevida / Total gastrectomy for gastric cancer: an analysis of postoperative and long-term outcomes through time: results of 413 consecutive cases in a single cancer center

Introdução: O câncer gástrico localizado nos terços superior e médio é habitualmente tratado com uma gastrectomia total, embora em muitos casos às custas de morbidade e mortalidade mais elevadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os resultados de morbimortalidade e sobrevivência em gastrectomia total em um centro único. Métodos: Este estudo retrospectivo incluiu pacientes com adenocarcinoma gástrico tratados com uma gastrectomia total em um centro oncológico brasileiro, entre janeiro de 1988 e dezembro de 2011. Dados clínicos, cirúrgicos e anatomopatológicos foram analisados ao longo do tempo e três intervalos de 8 anos foram estabelecidos. Fatores prognósticos de sobrevida foram avaliados apenas entre os pacientes tratados com intuito curativo. Resultados: O estudo incluiu 413 indivíduos. A maior parte era do sexo masculino e sua idade mediana foi de 59 anos. A maioria dos pacientes teve perda de peso e foram classificados como ASA 2. Ressecção curativa foi realizada em 336 doentes paliativa em 77. A morbidade global foi de 37,3% a mortalidade em 60 dias 6,5%. Análise temporal da casuística identificou tumores mais avançados nos primeiros 8 anos, além de diferenças na extensão do tratamento cirúrgico, como uma linfadenectomia mais limitada realizada com maior frequência. Além disso, observou-se uma queda significativa na mortalidade, de 13% para 4%. Com um seguimento mediano de 74 meses entre os pacientes vivos, a sobrevida mediana foi de 56 meses e a sobrevida global em 5 anos 49,2%. Perda de peso, linfadenectomia, tamanho do tumor, estádios T e N foram fatores prognósticos em análise multivariada. Conclusões: A gastrectomia total é tratamento seguro e factível em mãos experientes. Avanços na técnica cirúrgica e nos cuidados perioperatórios tem melhorado os resultados ao longo do tempo.

Background: Advanced gastric cancer in the upper or middle third of the stomach is routinely treated with a total gastrectomy, albeit in some cases with higher morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to describe the morbimortality and survival results in total gastrectomy in a single center. Methods: This retrospective study included patients with gastric adenocarcinoma treated with a total gastrectomy at a single Brazilian cancer center between January 1988 and December 2011. Clinical, surgical and pathology information were analyzed through time, with three 8-year intervals being established. Prognostic factors for survival were evaluated only among the patients treated with curative intent. Results: The study comprised 413 individuals. Most were male and their median age was 59 years. The majority of patients had weight loss and was classified as ASA 2. A curative resection was performed in 336 subjects and a palliative one in 77. Overall morbidity was 37.3% and 60-day mortality 6.5%. Temporal analysis identified more advanced tumors in the first 8-year period along with differences in the surgical procedure, with more limited lymph node dissections. Also, a significant decrease in mortality was observed, from 13% to 4%. With median follow-up of 74 months among living patients, median survival was 56 months and 5-year overall survival 49.2%. Weight loss, lymphadenectomy, tumor size, T and N stages remained were prognostic factors in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Total gastrectomy is a safe and feasible treatment in experienced hands. Advances in surgical technique and perioperative care have improved outcomes through time.

Evaluation of nrratio in selecting patients foradjuvant chemoradiotherapy afteer d2-gastrectomy / Avaliacao do N-Ratio para a selecao de pacientes candidatos a quimioradioterapia adjuvante apos gastrectomia D2

Context Whether adjuvant chemoradiotherapy may contribute to improve survival outcomes after D2-gastrectomy remains controvertial. Objective To explore the clinical utility of N-Ratio in selecting gastric cancer patients for adjuvant chemoradiotherapy after D2-gastrectomy. Methods A retrospective cohort study was carried out on gastric cancer patients who underwent D2-gastrectomy alone or D2-gastrectomy plus adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (INT-0116 protocol) at the Hospital A. C. Camargo from September 1998 to December 2008. Statistical analysis were performed using multiple conventional methods, such as c-statistic, adjusted Cox's regression and stratified survival analysis. Results Our analysis involved 128 patients. According to c-statistic, the N-Ratio (i.e., as a continuous variable) presented “area under ROC curve” (AUC) of 0.713, while the number of metastatic nodes presented AUC of 0.705. After categorization, the cut-offs provide by Marchet et al. displayed the highest discriminating power – AUC value of 0.702. This N-Ratio categorization was confirmed as an independent predictor of survival using multivariate analyses. There also was a trend of better survival by adding of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy only for patients with milder degrees of lymphatic spread – 5-year survival of 23.1% vs 66.9%, respectively (HR = 0.426, 95% CI 0.150–1.202; P = 0.092). Conclusions This study confirms the N-Ratio as a tool to improve the lymph node metastasis staging in gastric cancer and suggests the cut-offs provided by Marchet et al. as the best way for its categorization after a D2-gastrectomy. In these settings, the N-Ratio appears a useful tool to select patients for adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, and the benefit of adding this type of adjuvancy to D2-gastrectomy is suggested to be limited to patients with milder degrees of lymphatic spread (i.e., NR2, 10%–25%). .

Contexto A utilização de quimiorradioterapia adjuvante permanece controversa após a realização de gastrectomia D2. Objetivo Explorar a utilidade clínica do N-Ratio para a seleção de pacientes com câncer gástrico candidatos à quimiorradioterapia adjuvante após gastrectomia D2. Métodos Realizou-se estudo de coorte retrospectivo incluindo pacientes com câncer gástrico submetidos a gastrectomia D2, isoladamente ou associada à quimiorradioterapia adjuvante (protocolo INT-0116), no Hospital A.C. Camargo, de setembro de 1998 a dezembro de 2008. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando-se diversos métodos, tais como análise de área sob curvas ROC, regressão de Cox's ajustada e análise estratificada da sobrevivência. Resultados A análise envolveu 128 pacientes. Por análise das áreas sob curvas ROC, o N-Ratio apresentou AUC de 0,713 como variável contínua, enquanto o número total de linfonodos metastáticos apresentou AUC de 0,705. Na análise categorizada, os pontos-de-corte propostos por Marchet et al. apresentaram o maior poder de discriminação, com valor de AUC de 0,702. A categorização N-Ratio segundo estes autores foi confirmada como um preditor independente de sobrevivência, utilizando-se análises multivariadas. Observou-se tendência de melhor sobrevivência acrescentando-se quimiorradioterapia adjuvante apenas para pacientes com moderado grau de disseminação linfática (NR2, 10%-25%), entre os quais a sobrevivência em 5 anos foi de 23,1% vs 66,9%, respectivamente (HR = 0,426, IC 95% 0,150-1,202, P = 0,092). Conclusões Este estudo confirma o N-Ratio como uma medida para melhorar o estadiamento linfonodal no câncer gástrico e sugere que os pontos-de-corte descritos por Marchet et al. sejam a ...

Evaluation of N-ratio in selecting patients for adjuvant chemoradiotherapy after d2-gastrectomy.

CONTEXT: Whether adjuvant chemoradiotherapy may contribute to improve survival outcomes after D2-gastrectomy remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical utility of N-Ratio in selecting gastric cancer patients for adjuvant chemoradiotherapy after D2-gastrectomy. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was carried out on gastric cancer patients who underwent D2-gastrectomy alone or D2-gastrectomy plus adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (INT-0116 protocol) at the Hospital A. C. Camargo from September 1998 to December 2008. Statistical analysis were performed using multiple conventional methods, such as c-statistic, adjusted Cox's regression and stratified survival analysis. RESULTS: Our analysis involved 128 patients. According to c-statistic, the N-Ratio (i.e., as a continuous variable) presented "area under ROC curve" (AUC) of 0.713, while the number of metastatic nodes presented AUC of 0.705. After categorization, the cut-offs provide by Marchet et al. displayed the highest discriminating power - AUC value of 0.702. This N-Ratio categorization was confirmed as an independent predictor of survival using multivariate analyses. There also was a trend of better survival by adding of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy only for patients with milder degrees of lymphatic spread - 5-year survival of 23.1% vs 66.9%, respectively (HR = 0.426, 95% CI 0.150-1.202; P = 0.092). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the N-Ratio as a tool to improve the lymph node metastasis staging in gastric cancer and suggests the cut-offs provided by Marchet et al. as the best way for its categorization after a D2-gastrectomy. In these settings, the N-Ratio appears a useful tool to select patients for adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, and the benefit of adding this type of adjuvancy to D2-gastrectomy is suggested to be limited to patients with milder degrees of lymphatic spread (i.e., NR2, 10%-25%).

Advances in surgical treatment of colorectal liver metastases.

Colorectal cancer is the 3rd most common malignant neoplasm in the West. About 50% of patients develop liver metastases throughout the course of the disease. Those are responsible for at least two-thirds of deaths. Advances in surgical techniques and improvement in chemotherapy regimens have allowed offering treatment with curative intent to an increasing number of patients. This article reviews recent advances in the treatment of liver metastases, including strategies to increase resection (e.g., portal vein embolization, radiofrequency ablation, two-stage hepatectomy, conversion therapy and reverse treatment strategy) and hepatectomy in the presence of extrahepatic disease. Finally, the results of surgical treatment of liver metastases at the Hospital A.C. Camargo are briefly shown.

Avanços no tratamento cirúrgico das metástases hepáticas colorretais / Advances in surgical treatment of colorectal liver metastases

O câncer colorretal é o terceiro tumor mais frequente no ocidente. Cerca de 50 por cento dos pacientes desenvolvem metástases hepáticas na evolução da doença, as quais são responsáveis por, no mínimo, dois terços das mortes1-6. O avanço nas técnicas cirúrgicas e a melhora dos esquemas quimioterápicos têm permitido oferecer tratamento com intuito curativo a um número cada vez maior de pacientes. Neste artigo, fazemos uma revisão dos avanços recentes do tratamento das metástases hepáticas, incluindo estratégias para aumentar as ressecções (por exemplo: embolização da veia porta, ablação por radiofrequência, hepatectomia em dois tempos, quimioterapia de conversão e estratégia inversa de tratamento) e hepatectomias na presença de doença extra-hepática. Por fim, mostramos brevemente o resultado do tratamento cirúrgico de metástases hepáticas no Hospital A.C. Camargo.

Colorectal cancer is the 3rd most common malignant neoplasm in the West. About 50 percent of patients develop liver metastases throughout the course of the disease. Those are responsible for at least two-thirds of deaths. Advances in surgical techniques and improvement in chemotherapy regimens have allowed offering treatment with curative intent to an increasing number of patients. This article reviews recent advances in the treatment of liver metastases, including strategies to increase resection (e.g., portal vein embolization, radiofrequency ablation, two-stage hepatectomy, conversion therapy and reverse treatment strategy) and hepatectomy in the presence of extrahepatic disease. Finally, the results of surgical treatment of liver metastases at the Hospital A.C. Camargo are briefly shown.