RESUMEN
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 plays an essential role in multiple biochemical pathways in the cell, particularly in regards to energy regulation. As such, Glycogen synthase kinase-3 is an attractive target for pharmacological intervention in a variety of disease states, particularly non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. However, due to homology with other crucial kinases, such as the cyclin-dependent protein kinase CDC2, developing compounds that are both potent and selective is challenging. A novel series of derivatives of 5-nitro-N2-(2-(pyridine-2ylamino)ethyl)pyridine-2,6-diamine were synthesized and have been shown to potently inhibit glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3). Potency in the low nanomolar range was obtained along with remarkable selectivity. The compounds activate glycogen synthase in insulin receptor-expressing CHO-IR cells and in primary rat hepatocytes, and have acceptable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics to allow for oral dosing. The X-ray co-crystal structure of human GSK3-ß in complex with compound 2 is reported and provides insights into the structural determinants of the series responsible for its potency and selectivity.
Asunto(s)
Glucógeno Sintasa Quinasa 3/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/química , Piridinas/química , Animales , Sitios de Unión , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Glucógeno Sintasa Quinasa 3/metabolismo , Semivida , Hepatocitos/citología , Hepatocitos/metabolismo , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Simulación de Dinámica Molecular , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacocinética , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Piridinas/metabolismo , Piridinas/farmacocinética , Ratas , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Utilizing the already described 3,4-bi-aryl pyridine series as a starting point, incorporation of a second ring system with a hydrogen bond donor and additional hydrophobic contacts yielded the azaindole series which exhibited potent, picomolar RSK2 inhibition and the most potent in vitro target modulation seen thus far for a RSK inhibitor. In the context of the more potent core, several changes at the phenol moiety were assessed to potentially find a tool molecule appropriate for in vivo evaluation.
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/síntesis química , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Animales , Cromatografía Liquida , Diseño de Fármacos , Humanos , Espectrometría de Masas , Fenoles/farmacología , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/química , Espectroscopía de Protones por Resonancia Magnética , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of various cancers such as AML, glioma, and glioblastoma. We have evaluated 3-pyrimidin-4-yl-oxazolidin-2-ones as mutant IDH1 inhibitors that bind to an allosteric, induced pocket of IDH1R132H. This Letter describes SAR exploration focused on improving both the in vitro and in vivo metabolic stability of the compounds, leading to the identification of 19 as a potent and selective mutant IDH1 inhibitor that has demonstrated brain penetration and excellent oral bioavailability in rodents. In a preclinical patient-derived IDH1 mutant xenograft tumor model study, 19 efficiently inhibited the production of the biomarker 2-HG.
RESUMEN
Inhibition of mutant IDH1 is being evaluated clinically as a promising treatment option for various cancers with hotspot mutation at Arg132. Having identified an allosteric, induced pocket of IDH1R132H, we have explored 3-pyrimidin-4-yl-oxazolidin-2-ones as mutant IDH1 inhibitors for in vivo modulation of 2-HG production and potential brain penetration. We report here optimization efforts toward the identification of clinical candidate IDH305 (13), a potent and selective mutant IDH1 inhibitor that has demonstrated brain exposure in rodents. Preclinical characterization of this compound exhibited in vivo correlation of 2-HG reduction and efficacy in a patient-derived IDH1 mutant xenograft tumor model. IDH305 (13) has progressed into human clinical trials for the treatment of cancers with IDH1 mutation.
RESUMEN
Abrogation of errant signaling along the MAPK pathway through the inhibition of B-RAF kinase is a validated approach for the treatment of pathway-dependent cancers. We report the development of imidazo-benzimidazoles as potent B-RAF inhibitors. Robust in vivo efficacy coupled with correlating pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PKPD) and PD-efficacy relationships led to the identification of RAF265, 1, which has advanced into clinical trials.
RESUMEN
While the p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) family has been implicated in multiple tumor cell functions, the full understanding of this kinase family has been restricted by the lack of highly selective inhibitors. A bis-phenol pyrazole was identified from high-throughput screening as an inhibitor of the N-terminal kinase of RSK2. Structure-based drug design using crystallography, conformational analysis, and scaffold morphing resulted in highly optimized difluorophenol pyridine inhibitors of the RSK kinase family as demonstrated cellularly by the inhibition of YB1 phosphorylation. These compounds provide for the first time in vitro tools with an improved selectivity and potency profile to examine the importance of RSK signaling in cancer cells and to fully evaluate RSK as a therapeutic target.
Asunto(s)
Pirazoles/química , Piridinas/química , Pirimidinas/química , Proteínas Quinasas S6 Ribosómicas 90-kDa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Línea Celular , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Modelos Moleculares , Fosforilación , Conformación Proteica , Pirazoles/síntesis química , Pirazoles/farmacología , Piridinas/síntesis química , Piridinas/farmacología , Pirimidinas/síntesis química , Pirimidinas/farmacología , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Transducción de Señal , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Proteína 1 de Unión a la Caja Y/metabolismoRESUMEN
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/ml5002272.].
RESUMEN
Utilizing structure-based drug design, a novel dihydropyridopyrimidinone series which exhibited potent Hsp90 inhibition, good pharmacokinetics upon oral administration, and an excellent pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship in vivo was developed from a commercial hit. The exploration of this series led to the selection of NVP-HSP990 as a development candidate.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Piridonas/síntesis química , Pirimidinas/síntesis química , Animales , Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Proteínas HSP90 de Choque Térmico/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ratones , Piridonas/farmacocinética , Piridonas/farmacología , Pirimidinas/farmacocinética , Pirimidinas/farmacología , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Benzimidazole reverse amides were designed and synthesized as Pan RAF kinase inhibitors. Investigation of the structure-activity relationship of the compounds revealed that they were potent in vitro and exhibited desirable in vivo properties.
RESUMEN
2-Amino-7-substituted benzoxazole analogs were identified by HTS as inhibitors of RSK2. Molecular modeling and medicinal chemistry techniques were employed to explore the SAR for this series with a focus of improving in vitro and target modulation potency and physicochemical properties.
Asunto(s)
Benzoxazoles/química , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/química , Proteínas Quinasas S6 Ribosómicas 90-kDa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Benzoxazoles/síntesis química , Benzoxazoles/metabolismo , Sitios de Unión , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Humanos , Simulación de Dinámica Molecular , Unión Proteica , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/síntesis química , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Proteínas Quinasas S6 Ribosómicas 90-kDa/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Compounds belonging to several scaffolds-quinazolines, quinolines and quinoxalines-were designed and synthesized as Raf kinase inhibitors. Scaffolds were assessed for in vitro Braf(V600E) inhibition, and overall kinase selectivity. Pharmacokinetic parameters for one of the scaffolds were also determined.
Asunto(s)
Amidas/síntesis química , Amidas/farmacología , Diseño de Fármacos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/síntesis química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Quinasas raf/antagonistas & inhibidores , Amidas/química , Sitios de Unión , Células Cultivadas , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Compuestos Heterocíclicos/síntesis química , Compuestos Heterocíclicos/química , Compuestos Heterocíclicos/farmacología , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura MolecularRESUMEN
Two scaffolds based on 5,6-fused heterocyclic backbones were designed and synthesized as Raf kinase inhibitors. The scaffolds were assessed for in vitro pan-Raf inhibition, activity in cell proliferation and target modulation assays, and pharmacokinetic parameters.
Asunto(s)
Amidas/síntesis química , Diseño de Fármacos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/síntesis química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Compuestos Heterocíclicos/síntesis química , Quinasas raf/antagonistas & inhibidores , Amidas/química , Amidas/farmacología , Sitios de Unión , Proliferación Celular , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Compuestos Heterocíclicos/química , Compuestos Heterocíclicos/farmacología , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
A series of arylaminobenzimidazoles was designed and synthesized as Raf kinase inhibitors. Exploration of the structure-activity relationship resulted in compounds that are potent in vitro and show desirable in vivo properties.
Asunto(s)
Bencimidazoles/síntesis química , Bencimidazoles/farmacología , Diseño de Fármacos , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/síntesis química , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Quinasas raf/antagonistas & inhibidores , Administración Oral , Animales , Bencimidazoles/administración & dosificación , Bencimidazoles/química , Disponibilidad Biológica , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Humanos , Ratones , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/química , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Estereoisomerismo , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Quinasas raf/metabolismoRESUMEN
Sterically stabilized alpha-lactams react by two distinct acid-catalyzed pathways. Protonation on oxygen results in nucleophilic attack at the acyl carbon and gives C-2 products. Protonation on nitrogen leads to nucleophilic attack at the C-3 carbon and yields C-3 products. The mechanism thus developed is very useful for understanding the changes in rates and product distributions in the reactions of sterically stabilized alpha-lactams with nucleophiles. It can also be extrapolated to other alpha-lactams so that a more coherent picture of alpha-lactam reactivity can be developed.