Diferencias de personalidad y síndromes clínicos en el drogodependiente: variables relevantes con el tipo de consumo y la adherencia al tratamiento / Personality differences and clinical syndromes in drug addicts: relevant variables with type of consumption and adherence to treatment

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar la presencia de patrones de personalidad y síndromes clínicos en una muestra de adictos a distintas sustancias y conocer cómo estas variables se relacionan con el tipo de consumo y la adherencia al tratamiento. La muestra se compuso por 72 sujetos que realizaban tratamiento por abuso/dependencia de sustancias, que cumplimentaron el MCMI-III tras dos meses de abstinencia. El estudio indica psicopatología asociada y rasgos de personalidad específicos en la población adicta. La escalas de personalidad más prominentes fueron la escala antisocial seguida por la escala paranoide. También presentan sintomatología asociada con trastorno de ansiedad, trastorno bipolar y trastorno del pensamiento. Al centrarnos en el tipo de consumo, se observa que los sujetos alcohólicos presentan sintomatología asociada con la distimia, mientras que los policonsumidores reflejaban rasgos más narcisistas. Cabe destacar que los rasgos de la personalidad límite y sintomatología bipolar muestran un peor pronóstico de recuperación

This study aims to evaluate the presence of personality patterns and clinical syndromes in a sample of addicts to substances and know how these variables are related to the type of consumption and adherence to treatment. The sample is composed by 72 subjects who were carrying out treatment for abuse/dependence on substances, who completed the MCMI-III after two months of abstinence. The study indicates associated and specific personality traits in the addicted population ́s psychopathology. The most prevalent personality scales in the consumer subjects were the antisocial scale followed by the paranoid scale. They also show symptomatology associated with anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder and thought disorder. By focusing on the type of use, it is observed that alcoholic subjects had symptomatology associated with dysthymia, while polyconsumers reflected more narcissistic symptoms. Note that the features of borderline personality and bipolar symptomatology show a worse prognosis for recovery

Deterioro cognitivo asociado al consumo de diferentes sustancias psicoactivas / Cognitive deterioration associated with the use of different psychoactive substances

Introducción. El estudio de los déficits neuropsicológicos asociados al consumo de sustancias tóxicas ha cobrado gran relevancia en los últimos años debido a las graves repercusiones de salud física y psicológica de los consumidores. Metodología. En el presente trabajo se evaluaron los posibles déficits de memoria y el deterioro de las funciones ejecutivas, en una muestra de 54 sujetos que se encuentran realizando un tratamiento de desintoxicación y deshabituación. Para ello se aplicaron diversos test neuro-psicológicos (la Escala de Memoria de Wechsler, Wisconsin Card SortingTest, Test de Stroop, Test de fluidez verbal y el Test de Construcción de Senderos). Resultados. reflejaron la presencia de un mayor déficit en la memoria de trabajo en sujetos con una mayor duración de consumo de alcohol y/o cannabis. Los sujetos con un consumo prolongado de cannabis reflejaban también mayores carencias en la memoria inmediata mostrando más conservada la memoria demorada, así como una peor capacidad a la interferencia, es decir, muestran una menor inhibición a las respuestas automáticas. También se observa que poseen una atención alterante disminuida, necesitando más tiempo para realizar actividades que requieren un pensamiento lógico y secuencial. El estudio también reflejó la importancia de la duración del consumo como una variable significativa en el aumento de los déficits de memoria. Conclusiones. El tiempo y tipo de consumo son determinantes en el deterioro cerebral producido por las drogas (AU)

Introduction. The study of the neuropsychological deficits associated with substance abuse has become highly relevant in recent years due to the serious impact they have on the physical and mental health of users. Methodology. The possible memory deficits and deterioration of executive functions were studied in a sample of 54 subjects undergoing drug detoxification and rehabilitation. Several neuropsychological tests were applied (Wechsler Memory Scale, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Stroop Test, Verbal Fluency Test and the Trail-Making Test). Results. Subjects with a more prolonged history of alcohol and/or cannabis use had a greater deficit in working memory. Subjects with prolonged cannabis use also showed greater deficiencies in immediate, or short term, memory and better conserved long-term memory, as well as less interference capacity, i.e., less inhibition of automatic responses. They also had impaired alternating attention and needed more time to execute activities that required logical and sequential thought. The study also reflected the importance of duration of use as a significant variable in the increase in memory deficits. Conclusions. The duration and type of substance abuse are determinants in drug-induced cerebral deterioration (AU)

Cognitive deterioration associated with the use of different psychoactive substances.

INTRODUCTION: The study of the neuropsychological deficits associated with substance abuse has become highly relevant in recent years due to the serious impact they have on the physical and mental health of users. METHODOLOGY: The possible memory deficits and deterioration of executive functions were studied in a sample of 54 subjects undergoing drug detoxification and rehabilitation. Several neuropsychological tests were applied (Wechsler Memory Scale, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Stroop Test, Verbal Fluency Test and the Trail-Making Test). RESULTS: Subjects with a more prolonged history of alcohol and/or cannabis use had a greater deficit in working memory. Subjects with prolonged cannabis use also showed greater deficiencies in immediate, or short-term, memory and better conserved long-term memory, as well as less interference capacity, i.e., less inhibition of automatic responses. They also had impaired alternating attention and needed more time to execute activities that required logical and sequential thought. The study also reflected the importance of duration of use as a significant variable in the increase in memory deficits. CONCLUSIONS: The duration and type of substance abuse are determinants in drug-induced cerebral deterioration.