Determination of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and systemic immune-inflammation index in dogs with leptospirosis.

Leptospirosis is a globally distributed zoonosis with multisystemic involvement in canine species, capable of causing a pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome (LPHS) in the most severe cases. In humans, the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelets to lymphocytes (PLR) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) have been described as predictors of morbidity and mortality in various pathologies, but no such studies have been developed for canine leptospirosis. Hence, we aimed to assess the usefulness of NLR, PLR and SII in dogs affected with leptospirosis, focusing on those that died or survived after hospitalization, whether or not they developed LPHS. The leptospirosis group was composed by 36 dogs while the control group consisted of 32 healthy dogs. The NLR, associated with inflammation, demonstrated a threefold or greater increase in all leptospirosis groups compared to the control group (median 2.44 ± 1.66) (developing or not LPHS). Dogs that died (median 67.78 ± 158.67), developed LHPS (median 85.17 ± 143.77), or both developed LHPS and died (median 67.78 ± 155,14) had a lower PLR in comparison to the control group (median 101,82 ± 53,75) and the rest of groups, but no statistically significant differences were observed (p > 0.05). The SII was higher in leptospirosis-affected dogs that survived (median 1356,92 ± 2726,29) and statistically significant differences were observed in those who did not develop LPHS (median 1770,41 ± 2630,77; p < 0.05) compared to the control group (median 555,21 ± 313,26). Our data shows that NLR may be used as inflammation indicator, while more studies are needed for PLR and SII in canine leptospirosis.

Clinical importance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and systemic immune-inflammation index in dogs with leishmaniasis.

Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by Leishmania spp., impacts multiple systems and organs. While hematological and biochemical profiles aren't definitive for diagnosis, recent studies have identified the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) as predictors of morbidity and mortality in critically ill human and dog patients. This study examined 100 dogs diagnosed with leishmaniasis, categorized by the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stages 1-4. Additionally, the dogs were divided based on whether they survived less or more than one year (L1Y and G1Y). Control group consisted of 43 dogs. The NLR increased as the disease progressed (IRIS 1-4), presenting statistically significant differences (P<0.05) when compared to the control group (2,37±2,08) IRIS 3 and 4 (4,59±13,39 and 6,99±12,86, respectively), and G1Y and L1Y (3,60±4,02 and 4,87±5,82, respectively). Significant changes in SII were only evident in short-term survivors (L1Y 951,93±1402) and advanced renal disease cases (IRIS 4 stage 1073,68±1901,09). Conversely, PLR remained largely unchanged. In conclusion, these results suggest that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) may serve as potential markers for assessing disease progression and prognosis in dogs diagnosed with leishmaniasis.