RESUMEN
The postoperative period is critical for the development of complications, including hypoxemia. To detect hypoxemia early and provide appropriate care, continuous monitoring of saturation is necessary: pulse oximetry is an easily accessible and simple method for this purpose. However, a SpO2 cut-off value to detect hypoxemia in dogs recovering from general anesthesia is lacking in the veterinary literature. The objectives of this clinical study are to validate the room air SpO2 test (SpAT), to identify a cut-off value to discriminate hypoxemia (Phase 1), and to apply the SpAT to study the incidence of transient postoperative hypoxemia (TPH) (Phase 2) in dogs with healthy lungs recovering from general anesthesia. Phase 1: 87 dogs recovering from general anesthesia with an arterial line were included. After extubation, SpAT was performed simultaneously with arterial blood sampling. A PaO2 < 80â¯mmHg was considered hypoxemia. Phase 2: 654 dogs were enrolled. They underwent general anesthesia with different ventilation settings for different procedures. After extubation, dogs were classified as hypoxemic if the SpO2 was lower than the cut-off obtained in phase 1. Phase 1 showed that the SpO2 cut-off is < 95% (sensitivity 100%, specificity 97.4%; area under the curve, AUC = 0.996; 95% Confidence Interval = 0.944-1; P<0.0001). In Phase 2, 169 dogs were hypoxemic. Body Condition Score (BCS) > 3/5, dorsal recumbency, FiO2 1, absence of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) had a significant odds ratio to induce TPH (5.8, 1.9, 3.7, 1.7, respectively). These results showed that SpO2 < 95% indicates PaO2 < 80â¯mmHg in dogs and TPH occurs in up to 28% of cases. Identification of associated risks could be useful to prevent and to increase awareness for monitoring and treatment.
Asunto(s)
Anestesia General , Enfermedades de los Perros , Hipoxia , Oximetría , Perros , Animales , Hipoxia/veterinaria , Anestesia General/veterinaria , Anestesia General/efectos adversos , Oximetría/veterinaria , Masculino , Factores de Riesgo , Femenino , Incidencia , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/veterinaria , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The aim of this multi-centred, cohort, prospective, observational study was to evaluate the clinical application of the canine osteoarthritis staging tool (COAST), in dogs affected by osteoarthritis (OA). In all dogs, a COAST stage was obtained based on the Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs (LOAD) score and a complete orthopaedic and radiographic examination. The severity of OA (COAST stage) was scored as 1 (preclinical), 2 (mild), 3 (moderate), and 4 (severe). These scores were compared with the overall subjective opinion of experienced orthopaedic surgeons who examined the dogs (Clinical Opinion). Data were analysed with descriptive statistic, multiple regression analysis, chi-square and Bland-Altman tests (P < 0.05). In total, 362 evaluations were performed in 202 dogs. Clinical Opinion had a greater proportion of stage 1 and 2 cases compared to COAST (P < 0.0001). The proportion of stage 4 cases was higher in COAST compared to Clinical Opinion (P < 0.0001). The proportions of Stage 3 cases were similar in the two evaluation systems. COAST had a strong correlation (r = 0.79; P < 0.01) with Clinical Opinion. Overall, the two evaluation systems exhibited strong agreement (mean bias 0.51). Stages 1 and 2 had weaker agreement (mean bias 1.04 and 0.75, respectively), than stage 3 and stage 4 (mean bias 0.46 and 0.0, respectively).
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros , Osteoartritis , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Perros , Humanos , Osteoartritis/diagnóstico por imagen , Osteoartritis/veterinaria , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To compare 5 cmH2 O of continuous positive airway pressure with oxygen therapy in dogs recovering from general anaesthesia with low SpO2 values. continuous positive airway pressure is more effective than oxygen therapy in restoring normoxaemia (SpO2 ≥95%). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospectively, dogs recovering from anaesthesia, with SpO2 <95% after extubation (T0), were randomised and treated with continuous positive airway pressure (FiO2 0.21) or oxygen (O2 ; FiO2 0.35-0.40) therapy. Dogs were monitored with SpO2 every 15 minutes for 1 hour (T15, T30, T45, T60). Data from normoxaemic dogs (SpO2 >95%) were used as control (CTR). RESULTS: Of the 42 dogs enrolled, 34 completed the study. Eleven dogs were treated with O2 , 10 with continuous positive airway pressure and 13 were CTR. The SpO2 values at T0 were similar in the continuous positive airway pressure and O2 groups and were lower than in the CTR group. At T15, T30, T45 and T60, the SpO2 values in the continuous positive airway pressure group were higher than at T0; these were similar to those of the CTR group at the same time-points. In the O2 group, SpO2 values were significantly higher at T45 and T60 than at T0; 45.5% of dogs became normoxaemic at T45 and the remaining dogs became normoxaemic at T60. The average time to reach normoxaemia in the O2 group (53.1±7.3 minutes) was longer than in the continuous positive airway pressure group (15.0±0.0 minutes). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In dogs recovering from general anaesthesia with pulmonary gas exchange impairment, normoxaemia is restored more effectively and rapidly by using continuous positive airway pressure than by oxygen therapy.
Asunto(s)
Presión de las Vías Aéreas Positiva Contínua , Hipoxia , Anestesia General/veterinaria , Animales , Presión de las Vías Aéreas Positiva Contínua/veterinaria , Perros , Hipoxia/terapia , Hipoxia/veterinaria , Pulmón , OxígenoRESUMEN
This case series describes a novel mini coeliotomy approach using a radial, atraumatic self-retaining retractor for the retrieval of migrant plant foreign bodies from the iliopsoas muscles of six male dogs under intra-operative ultrasonographic guidance. Four dogs had a history of pulmonary disease potentially compatible with inhalation of a foreign body approximately 2-4 months before presentation. Under ultrasonographic guidance, the grass awns were identified in the iliopsoas muscle and were completely removed. In this case series, the annular ring device provided an excellent view of the surgical field for intra-abdominal manipulations. Patient follow-up at 15 days and 6 to 12 months after surgery indicated a full recovery, and no grass awn fragment residues were identified.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros , Cuerpos Extraños , Migración de Cuerpo Extraño , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Perros , Cuerpos Extraños/diagnóstico por imagen , Cuerpos Extraños/cirugía , Cuerpos Extraños/veterinaria , Migración de Cuerpo Extraño/veterinaria , Masculino , Poaceae , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) derived from synovial fluid (SF) are considered to be a promising cell type for therapeutic applications in joint disease. However, despite their potential relevance for clinical and experimental studies, there is insufficient knowledge about SF-derived MSCs isolated from horses and sheep. In this study, cells were recovered from healthy SF and bone marrow (BM) of sheep, and from healthy and osteoarthritic SF of horses. Ovine SF-MSCs were used to assess the efficiency of intracellular labelling with quantum dots (QDs). Colony forming units, generation times, trilineage differentiation potential and expression of CD73, CD90 and CD105 at mRNA level were assessed. QD labelling was efficient, with >98% positive cells directly after labelling at 10 nmol/L and >95% positive cells directly after labelling at 2 nmol/L. The label decreased over 7 days of culture, with more persistence at the higher labelling concentration. No significant differences in proliferation were observed. All MSCs had trilineage differentiation potential, but adipogenesis was more distinct in equine samples and chondrogenesis was most pronounced in ovine SF-MSCs. CD73, CD90 and CD105 were expressed in equine and ovine MSCs.
Asunto(s)
Caballos/anatomía & histología , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/citología , Puntos Cuánticos , Ovinos/anatomía & histología , Líquido Sinovial/citología , Animales , Diferenciación Celular , Separación Celular/veterinaria , Células Madre Multipotentes/citologíaRESUMEN
In the last years, several tissue engineering techniques have been applied to develop different kinds of osteochondral substitutes to overcome the scarce reparative properties of this tissue. The aim of this study was to generate and compare three biphasic scaffolds in an osteochondral lesion in a large-animal model. A critical osteochondral defect was generated in the medial femoral condyle of 18 skeletally mature sheep. Three defects were left untreated, the remaining lesions were divided into three groups: 5 lesions were treated with a biphasic scaffold made of collagen type I and small cylinders of Magnesium Hydroxyapatite; 5 lesions were treated with a biphasic substituted formed by collagen type I and Wollastonite, 5 lesions were treated with a scaffold made of collagen type I and small cylinders of Wollastonite/Hydroxyapatite. Animals were sacrificed after 3 months and samples were analyzed by CT and MRI, macroscopic evaluation and histology. Our study demonstrated that one of these novel biphasic scaffolds possesses the potential for being applied for one-stage procedures for osteochondral defects.
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Enfermedades Óseas/patología , Enfermedades Óseas/terapia , Condrocitos/patología , Osteocitos/patología , Ovinos , Ingeniería de Tejidos/métodos , Andamios del Tejido/química , Animales , Colágeno Tipo I/química , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Durapatita/química , Fémur/patologíaRESUMEN
Klotho is an anti-aging factor mainly produced by renal tubular epithelial cells (TEC) with pleiotropic functions. Klotho is down-regulated in acute kidney injury in native kidney; however, the modulation of Klotho in kidney transplantation has not been investigated. In a swine model of ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), we observed a remarkable reduction of renal Klotho by 24 h from IRI. Complement inhibition by C1-inhibitor preserved Klotho expression in vivo by abrogating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling. In accordance, complement anaphylotoxin C5a led to a significant down-regulation of Klotho in TEC in vitro that was NF-kB mediated. Analysis of Klotho in kidneys from cadaveric donors demonstrated a significant expression of Klotho in pre-implantation biopsies; however, patients affected by delayed graft function (DGF) showed a profound down-regulation of Klotho compared with patients with early graft function. Quantification of serum Klotho after 2 years from transplantation demonstrated significant lower levels in DGF patients. Our data demonstrated that complement might be pivotal in the down-regulation of Klotho in IRI leading to a permanent deficiency after years from transplantation. Considering the anti-senescence and anti-fibrotic effects of Klotho at renal levels, we hypothesize that this acquired deficiency of Klotho might contribute to DGF-associated chronic allograft dysfunction.
Asunto(s)
Complemento C5a/farmacología , Funcionamiento Retardado del Injerto/etiología , Glucuronidasa/metabolismo , Rechazo de Injerto/etiología , Trasplante de Riñón/efectos adversos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Daño por Reperfusión/etiología , Lesión Renal Aguda/cirugía , Animales , Western Blotting , Células Cultivadas , Funcionamiento Retardado del Injerto/metabolismo , Funcionamiento Retardado del Injerto/patología , Glucuronidasa/genética , Rechazo de Injerto/metabolismo , Rechazo de Injerto/patología , Supervivencia de Injerto , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Factores Inmunológicos/farmacología , Proteínas Klotho , ARN Mensajero/genética , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Daño por Reperfusión/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión/patología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Porcinos , Trasplante HomólogoRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of commonly used oxygenation indices with venous admixture (Qs/Qt) in anaesthetised horses under different infusion rates of dobutamine. Six female horses were anaesthetised with acepromazine, xylazine, diazepam, ketamine, and isoflurane, and then intubated and mechanically ventilated with 100% O2. A Swan-Ganz catheter was introduced into the left jugular vein and its tip advanced into the pulmonary artery. Horses received different standardised rates of dobutamine. For each horse, eight samples of arterial and mixed venous blood were simultaneously obtained at fixed times. Arterial and venous haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and O2 saturation, arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), venous oxygen partial pressure (PvO2), and barometric pressure were measured. Arterial (CaO2), mixed venous (CvO2), and capillary (Cc'O2) oxygen contents were calculated using standard formulae. The correlations between F-shunt, arterial oxygen tension to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (PaO2/FiO2), arterial to alveolar oxygen tension ratio (PaO2/PAO2), alveolar to arterial oxygen tension difference (P[A - a]O2), and respiratory index (P[A - a]O2/PaO2) were tested with linear regression analysis. The goodness-of-fit for each calculated formula was evaluated by means of the coefficient of determination (r(2)). The agreement between Qs/Qt and F-shunt was analysed with the Bland-Altman test. All tested oxygen tension-based indices were weakly correlated (r(2) < 0.2) with the Qs/Qt, whereas F-shunt showed a stronger correlation (r(2) = 0.73). F-shunt also showed substantial agreement with Qs/Qt independent of the dobutamine infusion rate. F-shunt better correlated with Qs/Qt than other oxygen indices in isoflurane-anaesthetised horses under different infusion rates of dobutamine.
Asunto(s)
Dobutamina/farmacología , Caballos/sangre , Oxígeno/sangre , Anestesia General , Animales , Dobutamina/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Consumo de Oxígeno , Presión Parcial , Intercambio Gaseoso Pulmonar , RespiraciónRESUMEN
The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of the administration of a combination of tiletamine-zolazepam and detomidine (TZD) in 9 tigers (Panthera tigris). Nine captive tigers were immobilized with tiletamine-zolazepam and detomidine administered intramuscularly. At the end of the procedure immobilization was partially reversed with atipamezole. Lateral recumbency was achieved in 15.6 ± 5.9 min. The median induction score [scored 1 (excellent) to 4 (poor)] was 1. The immobilization score [scored 1 (poor) to 6 (too deep)] was 5 (4-5) at all study times. After atipamezole administration, all tigers experienced severe ataxia and incoordination. Median recovery score [scored 1 (excellent) to 4 (poor)] was 2.5 (range 2-3). No neurologic and/or important adverse reactions were noticed within 5 days after recovery. The combination tiletamine-zolazepam with detomidine proved to be effective in immobilizing captive healthy tigers but it maybe associated with hypertension and ataxia during recovery. Zoo Biol. 34:40-45, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Asunto(s)
Anestésicos Combinados/farmacología , Anestésicos Disociativos/farmacología , Animales de Zoológico , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/farmacología , Inmovilización/veterinaria , Tigres/fisiología , Animales , Femenino , Imidazoles , Inmovilización/métodos , Masculino , Tiletamina , ZolazepamRESUMEN
NADPH oxidase plays a central role in mediating oxidative stress during heart, liver, and lung ischemia/reperfusion injury, but limited information is available about NADPH oxidase in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Our aim was to investigate the activation of NADPH oxidase in a swine model of renal ischemia/reperfusion damage. We induced renal ischemia/reperfusion in 10 pigs, treating 5 of them with human recombinant C1 inhibitor, and we collected kidney biopsies before ischemia and 15, 30, and 60 min after reperfusion. Ischemia/reperfusion induced a significant increase in NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX-4) expression at the tubular level, an upregulation of NOX-2 expression in infiltrating monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells, and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine synthesis along with a marked upregulation of NADPH-dependent superoxide generation. This burden of oxidative stress was associated with an increase in tubular and interstitial expression of the myofibroblast marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Interestingly, NOX-4 and NOX-2 expression and the overall NADPH oxidase activity as well as α-SMA expression and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine synthesis were strongly reduced in C1-inhibitor-treated animals. In vitro, when we incubated tubular cells with the anaphylotoxin C3a, we observed an enhanced NADPH oxidase activity and α-SMA protein expression, which were both abolished by NOX-4 silencing. In conclusion, our findings suggest that NADPH oxidase is activated during ischemia/reperfusion in a complement-dependent manner and may play a potential role in the pathogenesis of progressive renal damage in this setting.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas del Sistema Complemento/metabolismo , Células Dendríticas/fisiología , Túbulos Renales/irrigación sanguínea , NADPH Oxidasas/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión/enzimología , Actinas/genética , Actinas/metabolismo , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Proteínas Inactivadoras del Complemento 1/administración & dosificación , Proteína Inhibidora del Complemento C1 , Complemento C3a/metabolismo , Desoxiadenosinas/biosíntesis , Desoxiadenosinas/genética , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Activación Enzimática/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/genética , Humanos , Túbulos Renales/metabolismo , Túbulos Renales/patología , Modelos Animales , Estrés Oxidativo , ARN Interferente Pequeño/genética , Daño por Reperfusión/inmunología , Sus scrofaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to track the survival and efficacy of allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) marked with red fluorescent protein (BM-MSCRFP) in an ovine model of collagenase-induced tendinopathy. METHODS: Bone marrow was harvested from one donor sheep and BM-MSC were isolated, cultivated and transfected with red fluorescent protein (BM-MSCRFP). Collagenase was injected into both Achilles tendons in the remaining nine sheep. After two weeks the left tendon was injected with a solution of 6 x 106 BM-MSCRFP and fibrin glue, while only fibrin glue was administered to the contra-lateral tendon in each sheep. After three, four and six weeks the tendons were harvested and evaluated for morphology, collagen I deposition, presence of CD34+ cells, and fluorescent labelled BM-MSC. RESULTS: We demonstrated that delivery of BM-MSC into tendon lesions had positive effects on the injured tendons. The BM-MSCRFP survived at three, four and six weeks after treatment, leading to better quality healing of tendons as compared to the controls, where no labelled cells were detected. Interestingly, we demonstrated high expression of CD34+ cells in tendons that had been treated with BM-MSCRFP. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Mesenchymal stem cell allografts have a positive effect on tendon healing and local injection of BM-MSC directly into the tendon allows the homing of BM-MSC for good efficiency of engraftment.
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Células de la Médula Ósea/fisiología , Proteínas Luminiscentes/metabolismo , Trasplante de Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/inducido químicamente , Tendinopatía/inducido químicamente , Animales , Femenino , Proteínas Luminiscentes/genética , Ovinos , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/terapia , Proteína Fluorescente RojaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to compare the cardiovascular effects of medetomidine, acepromazine and their combination administered intravenously in healthy dogs. Ten dogs were included in this study and randomly assigned to the three different sedative protocols: medetomidine (2 µg/kg, protocol M), acepromazine (20 µg/kg, protocol A) and acepromazine followed by medetomidine with the same doses as above (protocol AM), in three different times. In all subjects before (Tbase) and 15 (T15), 50 (T50) and 80 (T80) minutes after the administration of the drugs, the following non-invasive measurements were obtained: blood pressure with oscillometric method, ECG, and echocardiography. Blood pressure and echocardiography evidenced decrease in left ventricular afterload secondary to acepromazine and an increase in right ventricular afterload due to medetomidine. The combination of the two drugs mitigated the effects expected by the single drugs used alone, and prevented the onset of atrioventricular blocks, such as seen in protocol M. The three protocols were eligible for sedation and premedication in healthy dogs. Moreover they had little impact on the echocardiographic variables evaluated in this study.
Asunto(s)
Acepromazina/farmacología , Perros , Ecocardiografía/veterinaria , Corazón/efectos de los fármacos , Medetomidina/farmacología , Acepromazina/administración & dosificación , Animales , Antagonistas de Dopamina/administración & dosificación , Antagonistas de Dopamina/farmacología , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Corazón/fisiología , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/administración & dosificación , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/farmacología , Medetomidina/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative analgesic effects of robenacoxib and buprenorphine alone or in combination, in cats after ovariohysterectomy. Thirty healthy cats were randomly assigned to receive buprenorphine (0.02 mg/kg, n=10; GB), robenacoxib (2mg/kg, n=10; GR) or their combination at the same dosages (n=10; GBR) SC. After 30 min cats were sedated with an IM administration of medetomidine (0.02 mg/kg) and ketamine (5mg/kg). General anaesthesia was induced with propofol and after intubation was maintained with isoflurane. Before premedication and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24h after extubation, pain and sedation were assessed using a simple descriptive pain scale, ranging from 0 (no pain/no sedation) to 4 (intense pain/ deep sedation). If the pain score was ≥ 3, rescue analgesia was provided using buprenorphine (0.02 mg/kg) administered IM. Pain score was higher in GB at 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8h compared to baseline and compared to GBR at the same study times. Moreover, the pain score was also higher in GB compared to GR at 2, 3, 4 and 6h. Pain score was similar at all study times between GR and GBR. Sedation at 1 and 2h was higher than baseline values in all groups. Cats in GB received rescue analgesia more often than cats assigned to GR or GBR. Robenacoxib was an effective analgesic drug in cats up to 24h after ovariohysterectomy. The addition of buprenorphine did not provide any additional analgesic effects compared to robenacoxib alone.
Asunto(s)
Buprenorfina/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de los Gatos/tratamiento farmacológico , Difenilamina/análogos & derivados , Histerectomía/veterinaria , Ovariectomía/veterinaria , Dolor Postoperatorio/veterinaria , Fenilacetatos/uso terapéutico , Analgésicos/administración & dosificación , Analgésicos/uso terapéutico , Animales , Buprenorfina/administración & dosificación , Gatos , Difenilamina/administración & dosificación , Difenilamina/uso terapéutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Histerectomía/efectos adversos , Ovariectomía/efectos adversos , Dolor Postoperatorio/tratamiento farmacológico , Fenilacetatos/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to compare intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) and brachial plexus block (BPB) for intra-operative analgesia in dogs undergoing pancarpal arthrodesis (PA). Twenty dogs scheduled for PA were intramuscularly sedated with acepromazine (0.03 mg/kg), general anesthesia was intravenously (IV) induced with thiopental (10 mg/kg) and, after intubation, maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. In 10 dogs (GIVRA) IVRA was performed on the injured limb administering 0.6 ml/kg of 0.5% lidocaine. In 10 dogs (GBPB) the BPB was performed at the axillary level with the help of a nerve stimulator and 0.3 ml/kg of a 1:1 solution of 2% lidocaine and 1% ropivacaine was injected. During surgery fentanyl (0.002 mg/kg IV) was administered if there was a 15% increase of HR and/or MAP compared to the values before surgical stimulation. All the standard cardiovascular and respiratory parameters were continuously monitored during surgery. The duration of surgery and the time of extubation were recorded. Data were compared with a 1-way ANOVA test (P<0.05). No patients required fentanyl administration during surgery. All the recorded parameters were similar in the two groups. The two techniques were similar in providing intra-operative analgesia in dogs undergoing orthopaedic surgery.
Asunto(s)
Anestesia de Conducción/veterinaria , Artrodesis/veterinaria , Plexo Braquial , Bloqueo Nervioso/veterinaria , Dolor/veterinaria , Animales , Carpo Animal/cirugía , Enfermedades de los Perros/prevención & control , Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Perros , Periodo Intraoperatorio , Dolor/prevención & controlRESUMEN
This report details a bubble echocardiographic study carried out during the surgical treatment of a congenital single extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (PSS) in a Labrador Retriever. After celiotomy, agitated saline was injected through a jejunal vein and microbubbles appeared rapidly in the right cardiac chambers. The test confirmed the presence of a PSS, helping the surgeon to identify the vessel concerned and to rule out a second shunt. Successively, portography confirmed what the exploratory celiotomy had revealed before with the aid of the bubble study: a single shunt was located between the portal vein and the right renal vein. It was completely ligated, as all the criteria for this solution were met. Intraoperative contrast echocardiography (ICE) was easy to perform, helpful and undemanding. It is proposed here as an intraoperative ancillary test to diagnose all PSS and to confirm successful treatment when complete shunt closure is possible.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Ecocardiografía/veterinaria , Sistema Porta/anomalías , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/congénito , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Perros/cirugía , Ecocardiografía/métodos , Masculino , Monitoreo Intraoperatorio/veterinaria , Sistema Porta/diagnóstico por imagen , Sistema Porta/cirugía , Vena Porta/anomalías , Vena Porta/diagnóstico por imagen , Vena Porta/cirugía , Venas Renales/anomalías , Venas Renales/diagnóstico por imagen , Venas Renales/cirugíaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a recruiting maneuver (RM) on lung aeration, gas exchange, and respiratory mechanics during general anesthesia in mechanically ventilated dogs. A thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan, an arterial blood sample, and measurement of respiratory mechanics were performed 10 min before (baseline) and both 5 and 30 min after a vital capacity RM in 10 dogs under general anesthesia. The RM was performed by inflating the lung at 40 cm H(2)O for 20 s. Lung aeration was estimated by analyzing the radiographic attenuation of the CT images. Lung aeration and gas exchange improved significantly 5 min after the RM compared to baseline and returned to values similar to baseline by 30 min. Static lung compliance was not significantly affected by the RM. An RM induces a temporary improvement in lung function in healthy dogs under general anesthesia.
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Anestesia General/veterinaria , Alveolos Pulmonares/fisiología , Respiración Artificial/veterinaria , Mecánica Respiratoria/fisiología , Animales , Análisis de los Gases de la Sangre , Perros , Femenino , Pulmón/fisiología , Mediciones del Volumen Pulmonar , Respiración Artificial/métodosRESUMEN
A five-year-old, entire female mixed-breed dog was presented with corneal oedema and episcleral hyperaemia in the left eye. The ophthalmological examination revealed the presence of a free-swimming nematode in the anterior chamber. Circulating microfilariae were not observed by a modified Knott test nor were adult antigens detected in serum by a commercial ELISA. The parasite was surgically removed from the dog's eye, but its anterior end was damaged during the surgery. Based on the morphology of the posterior end, the nematode was preliminarily identified as a male Dirofilaria immitis. The species identification was confirmed by PCR amplification and sequencing of the mitochondrial coxI and 12S rDNA genes, using a DNA barcoding approach. Although other cases of ocular dirofilariosis by D. immitis have been previously recorded in Australia and the United States, the case reported herein is the first in a dog from Europe.
Asunto(s)
Dirofilaria immitis , Dirofilariasis/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Infecciones Parasitarias del Ojo/veterinaria , Animales , ADN de Helmintos/análisis , Dirofilaria immitis/aislamiento & purificación , Dirofilariasis/cirugía , Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Perros , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Infecciones Parasitarias del Ojo/diagnóstico , Infecciones Parasitarias del Ojo/cirugía , Femenino , Masculino , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinariaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to detect small bowel cell apoptosis by evaluating the nuclear activation of transcription factors, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and Akt pathways as well as detecting apoptotic cells by TUNEL assay, during ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by Arterio-Venous Occlusion (AVO) of ajejunal loop in swine, using a laparoscopic procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A jejunal loop was isolated and a biopsy sample (T0) obtained. Biopsies were obtained at 30 minutes (T30I) and 60 minutes (T60I) after clamping and again during reperfusion (R), T30R and T60R. Standard H&E stains and immunohistochemical study for infiltrating polymorphonuclear leukocytes and TUNEL assays were performed. The activation of Akt and NF-kappaB in the animal model was evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirmed that I/R injury of the jejunum did not only cause epithelial damage, but also activated the molecular pathways triggering an apoptotic reaction (by pro-inflammatory cytokines) and an anti-apoptotic mechanism that can lead to the regeneration of injured tissue.
Asunto(s)
Yeyuno/patología , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión/enzimología , Daño por Reperfusión/patología , Animales , Apoptosis/fisiología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Etiquetado Corte-Fin in Situ , Yeyuno/enzimología , Yeyuno/cirugía , Laparoscopía , Fosforilación/fisiología , Daño por Reperfusión/etiología , Porcinos , Quinasa de Factor Nuclear kappa BRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: The classical orthotopic liver autotransplantation is a very challenging and time wasting technique; it includes the division of major hepatic vessels and choledocus, and subsequent reconnection by end to end anastomoses. The caval end to end anastomoses are the most difficult to be performed and the interposition of a prosthesis can be required. We adopted the classical orthotopic liver autotransplantation technique in 2 patients affected with diffused liver metastases from colorectal cancer, for extracorporeal neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The procedure required very long operating times and the extracorporeal circulation (ECC) set up; furthermore the vena cava reconstruction was performed by the interposition of a goretex-prosthesis. We propose a "modified orthotopic piggy-back technique" to simplify liver reconnection and shorten the operating time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The technique was developed in the swine (25 kg body weight), under general anaesthesia. We performed the resection of the retro-hepatic vena cava with preservation of the caval flow during the anhepatic phase, by interposing a goretex-prosthesis. The reconstruction of the vena cava was then performed by a side-to-side cava-prosthesis anastomosis with lateral clamping of the prosthesis. The procedure was then completed according to the classical technique of liver transplantation. RESULTS: The mean time for VC reconstruction was 56 (+/-10)min. and the mean time for side-to-side VC-prosthesis anastomosis was 13(+/-4)min. CONCLUSIONS: The "modified orthotopic piggy-back technique" can simplify the reimplant of the liver during autotransplantation and shorten the operating time. Furthermore also the time of total extracorporeal circulation is reduced, as during the anhepatic phase and during the side-to-side cava-prosthesis anastomosis the flow in the inferior vena cava is uninterrupted.
Asunto(s)
Terapia por Captura de Neutrón de Boro/métodos , Trasplante de Hígado/métodos , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/métodos , Animales , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Femenino , Hepatectomía/métodos , Humanos , Periodo Intraoperatorio , Neoplasias Hepáticas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundario , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirugía , Modelos Animales , Sus scrofa , Factores de Tiempo , Trasplante Autólogo/métodos , Vena Cava Inferior/cirugíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the regeneration abilities of cultured bone marrow mesenchymal cells (cBMSC) and bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) with fibrin glue, saline solution and sham control in collagenase-induced tendinitis of the Achilles tendon in sheep. METHODS: Six sheep were recruited randomly to each group: cBMSC, BMMNC, fibrin, saline and sham control. Each group received the relative treatment two weeks after inducing lesions (T(0)). After eight weeks (T(8)) of treatment, the tendons were harvested and evaluated for histomorphology, Collagen type I, III, Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP) and CD34 positive cells expression. RESULTS: Histology and immunohistochemistry showed similar capabilities of cBMSC and BMMNC to restore the architecture of fibres and Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM), with a high expression of collagen type I and COMP and a very low expression of collagen type III in treated tendons. The complete architectural disruption of fibres, dramatic reduction of collagen Type I and COMP expression and increase collagen type III expression were commonly observed in tendons treated with fibrin or saline only. The presence of CD34 positive cells was appreciable in the BMMNC group while few cBMSC showed this cluster of differentiation, not expressed in tendons treated with fibrin or saline. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The data in this study show the efficacy of cBMSC and BMMNC in regenerating tendon tissue after collagenase-induced tendinitis.