RESUMEN
There has been growth in the use of psychedelics by the global population in recent years. In addition to recreational and ritualistic use, recent research into psychedelics has brought advances for treating mental disorders. Understanding the specific circumstances in which psilocybin leads to positive outcomes may have important implications for the future of its clinical use and for harm reduction initiatives. This study aimed to investigate the positive effects from the consumption of psilocybin through public online self-reports. We sought to investigate health benefits promoted by the consumption of the substance, positive acute effects, and contextual details of these experiences. We analyzed 846 reports with the assistance of the IRaMuTeQ textual analysis software, adopting the procedures of Descending Hierarchical Classification, Correspondence Factor Analysis, and Specificities Analysis. The texts were grouped in 5 clusters, describing the content of mental experiences, cognitive processes, somatic experiences, perceptual alterations, and context of administration. The findings of this study reinforce central axes of the psychedelic experience, such as the presence of somatic and visual alterations, connectedness and feeling one with the world and effects of setting, as well as the beneficial character of mystical experiences this substance promotes, and the importance of the ego-dissolution phenomenon.
RESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: Describe reliabilities evidence of the Phone Screening Interview (PSI), a telephone screening interview for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms, capable of investigating mild to moderate ASD symptoms. Moreover, the PSI also works for verbal and non-verbal children and is consistent with the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. Methods: An interview was performed with sixty-eight parents of children between 2 and 15 years old attended by the Psychiatry Ambulatory of Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro through the PSI in person and by telephone. Results: No significant differences in comparison between averages of the total score of the face-to-face and telephone applications were observed. The agreement analysis between the items indicated three items with lower values, leading to the modification of some questions, culminating in a new interview version for further studies. Given the disagreement in the values found, the order of application of the interviews seems to not impact the results, demonstrating strong correlations between both interviews, even with a different order of application. Aiming to facilitate the use of the scale by different examiners, the interobserver reliability was investigated, which did not show significant differences in the means. Conclusion: The study suggests that the telephone interview can be used similarly to the face-to-face interview, by different evaluators, with no impact on its efficiency in detecting ASD symptoms.
RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever evidências de confiabilidade da Phone Screening Interview (PSI), uma entrevista para rastreio telefônico de sintomas do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) de fácil aplicação, capaz de investigar sintomas de TEA leve a moderado, aplicável a crianças verbais e não verbais e consistente com os critérios diagnósticos do DSM-5. Métodos: Sessenta e oito pais de crianças com idade entre 2 e 15 anos atendidas pelo Ambulatório de Psiquiatria da Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro foram entrevistados por meio da PSI, tanto de maneira presencial quanto telefônica. Resultados: As médias da pontuação total da aplicação presencial e telefônica foram comparadas, não sendo obtidas diferenças significativas. A análise de concordância entre os itens apontou três itens com valores muito baixos, levando à modificação de algumas perguntas, culminando em uma nova versão, para estudos posteriores. Diante da discordância de valores encontrada, foi verificado que a ordem de aplicação das entrevistas não impactaria os resultados, demonstrando fortes correlações entre as entrevistas, mesmo com ordem de aplicação diferente. Para viabilizar o uso da escala por diferentes examinadores, investigou-se a confiabilidade interobservadores, que não mostrou diferenças significativas nas médias. Conclusão: O estudo sugere que a entrevista telefônica pode ser utilizada de forma semelhante à presencial, por diferentes avaliadores, sem impacto em sua eficiência na detecção de sintomas de TEA.
