Vitamin D Inadequacy and Its Relation to Body Fat and Muscle Mass in Adult Women of Childbearing Age.

To assess the correlation between vitamin D status and body composition variables in adult women of childbearing age, a cross-sectional study was conducted involving women aged 20-49 years. The participants were categorized based on their vitamin D status and further divided according to body mass index (BMI). Anthropometric and biochemical data were collected to compute body composition indices, specifically body fat and muscle mass. The sample included 124 women, with 63.70% exhibiting vitamin D inadequacy. Women with inadequate vitamin D status demonstrated a higher waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and body adiposity index (BAI), along with a lower BMI-adjusted muscle mass index (SMI BMI), compared to those with adequate levels of vitamin D (p = 0.021; p = 0.019; and p = 0.039, respectively). A positive correlation was observed between circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D and SMI BMI, while a negative correlation existed between circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D and waist circumference (WC), WHtR, conicity index (CI), fat mass index (FMI), body fat percentage (% BF), and fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR). These findings suggest that inadequate vitamin D status may impact muscle tissue and contribute to higher body adiposity, including visceral adiposity. It is recommended that these variables be incorporated into clinical practice, with a particular emphasis on WHtR and SMI BMI, to mitigate potential metabolic consequences associated with vitamin D inadequacy.

Characteristics of the metabolically unhealthy phenotype in menopausal resistance training practitioners.

Introduction: Objective: to evaluate clinical, metabolic and body characteristics related to the metabolically unhealthy phenotype (MUH) in menopausal women who practice resistance training (RT). Methods: cross-sectional study with a sample of 31 women. Clinical and metabolic variables were measured. Body adiposity was assessed by body mass index, waist circumference, visceral adiposity index (VAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP). Body composition analysis was performed by DEXA. Results: the prevalence of the MH phenotype was 74.2 %. Metabolically healthy (MH) women were younger, had more years of RT practice, higher HDL-c levels and lower VAI and android/gynoid ratio (A/G) than the MUH women. Women with inadequacy of HDL-c, TG, A/G and VAI had 12.50 (95 % CI: 3.30-47.23), 4.83 (95 % CI: 2.37-9.85), 5.20 (95 % CI: 1.90-14.16) and 3.12 (95 % CI: 1.07-9.04) times greater prevalence of the MUH phenotype, respectively, than those with adequacy of these parameters. Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age is a predictor of the MUH phenotype (OR = 1.254; 95 % CI: 1.00-1.56) and this variable showed correlation with TG, VAI and A/G. There was no association between thyrotropin and MUH phenotype in the present sample. Conclusion: age and visceral adiposity are predictors for the MUH phenotype in RT practitioners in menopause, which may initially be characterized by alterations in serum lipid profile.

Introducción: Objetivo: evaluar las características clínicas, metabólicas y corporales relacionadas con el fenotipo metabólicamente no saludable (MNS) en mujeres menopáusicas que practican entrenamiento de resistencia (ER). Métodos: estudio transversal con 31 mujeres. Se midieron variables clínicas y metabólicas. La adiposidad corporal se evaluó mediante el índice de masa corporal, la circunferencia de la cintura, el índice de adiposidad visceral (IAV) y el producto de acumulación de lípidos (PAL). El análisis de composición corporal fue realizado por DEXA. Resultados: la prevalencia del fenotipo metabólicamente saludable (MS) fue del 74,2 %. Las mujeres metabólicamente saludables (MS) eran más jóvenes, tenían más años de práctica de ER, niveles más altos de HDL-c y menor IAV y relación androide/ginoide (A/G) que las mujeres MNS. Hubo asociación del fenotipo MNS con los niveles de HDL-c y A/G. Las mujeres con insuficiencia de HDL-c, TG, A/G y IAV tuvieron 12,50 (IC 95 %: 3,30-47,23), 4,83 (IC 95 %: 2,37-9,85), 5,20 (IC 95 %: 1,90-14,16) y 3,12 (IC 95 %: 1,07-9,04) veces mayor prevalencia del fenotipo MNS, respectivamente, que aquellas con adecuación de estos parámetros. El análisis de regresión logística binaria demostró que la edad es un predictor del fenotipo MUH (OR = 1,254; IC 95 %: 1,00-1,56) y esta variable mostró correlación con TG, VAI and A/G. No hubo asociación entre la tirotropina y el fenotipo MUH en la presente muestra. Conclusión: la edad y la adiposidad visceral son predictores del fenotipo MUH en practicantes de ER en la menopausia, que puede caracterizarse inicialmente alteraciones en el perfil plasmático de insípidos.

Dose-Response Relationship of Resistance Training on Metabolic Phenotypes, Body Composition and Lipid Profile in Menopausal Women.

The relationship between volume training of resistance training (RT), body composition and cardiometabolic profile in menopausal women is poorly understand. This study aimed to evaluate the dose−response relationship of RT on lipid profile, body composition and metabolic phenotypes in menopausal women. A total of 31 women were categorized according to different volume of RT. Body composition was evaluated by DEXA and the cardiometabolic risk by metabolic phenotypes and lipid profile. There was a higher frequency of metabolically unhealthy phenotype in women who practiced RT for less than two years and had a weekly frequency lower than three days a week (p > 0.05). Women with more than two years and a higher weekly frequency of RT had lower trunk fat mass than their counterparties (15.33 ± 7.56 versus 10.57 ± 4.87, p = 0.04; 16.31 ± 7.46 versus 10.98 ± 5.49, p = 0.03, respectively). There was an association between HDL-c and time of RT in years. A moderate correlation was identified between variables of body adiposity, time in years and weekly frequency of RT. The present study concludes that more time in years and weekly frequency of RT practice are associated with lower body adiposity in menopausal women, the first also being associated with HDL-c.

Relationship between vitamin D deficiency and both gestational and postpartum depression.

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: vitamin D deficiency (VDD) has been associated with depressive symptoms in pregnancy and postpartum, which can result in increased adverse outcomes in the maternal-infant segment. A possible explanation in the literature is VDD relationship with genetic and neurological mechanisms. Objective: to evaluate VDD relationship with gestational and postpartum depression. Methods: this review followed the recommendations proposed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. Research was conducted in electronic databases, PubMed and LILACS, including studies of the analytical type (cross-sectional and longitudinal), systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and controlled clinical trials carried out in humans; inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Results and conclusions: in this systematic review, eight articles were analyzed comprising 8,583 women from seven different countries. Among the selected articles, six found an association between VDD and gestational and postpartum depression. Considering the data collection, it was possible to conclude that there is a probable relationship between VDD and a higher predisposition to gestational and postpartum depression. Also, we concluded that vitamin D supplementation has proven to be a promising strategy for reducing the risk of depressive symptoms.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: la deficiencia de vitamina D (VDD) se ha asociado a síntomas depresivos en el embarazo y el posparto, lo que puede resultar en un aumento de los resultados adversos en el segmento materno-infantil. Una posible explicación en la literatura es la relación de la VDD con mecanismos genéticos y neurológicos. Objetivo: evaluar la relación de la VDD con la depresión gestacional y posparto. Métodos: esta revisión siguió las recomendaciones propuestas por los Elementos de Informes Preferidos para revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis. La investigación se llevó a cabo en bases de datos electrónicas, PubMed y LILACS, incluyendo estudios de tipo analítico (sección transversal y longitudinal), revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis y ensayos clínicos controlados realizados en seres humanos; se aplicaron criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados y conclusiones: en esta revisión sistemática se analizaron ocho artículos que comprenden a 8716 mujeres de siete países diferentes. Entre los artículos seleccionados, seis encontraron asociación entre la VDD y la depresión gestacional y posparto. Teniendo en cuenta la recopilación de datos, fue posible concluir que existe una relación probable entre la VDD y una mayor predisposición a la depresión gestacional y posparto. También llegamos a la conclusión de que la suplementación con vitamina D ha demostrado ser una estrategia prometedora para reducir el riesgo de síntomas depresivos.

Diagnosis of night blindness through standardized interview and electroretinography.

INTRODUCTION: Objective: To compare the diagnosis of NB through the use of the standardized interview of the World Health Organization/Pan American Health Organization (WHO/PAHO) with electroretinography, and also to evaluate the association of these diagnoses with serum concentrations of retinol in class III obesity individuals. Methods: Adult patients of both genders, in the 20-60 age group, with BMI ≥ 40 kg/m² were studied. NB was diagnosed through electroretinography and the standardized interview validated by the WHO/PAHO. Serum level of retinol was quantified by the HPLC-UV method, and VAD was diagnosed when levels were <1.05 µmol /L, and severity was also evaluated. Statistical analysis was carried out through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 21.0 (p < 0.05). Results: Mean BMI was 44.9  11.8 kg/m², and a negative correlation was found in serum levels of retinol (p= 0.01). The prevalence of VAD, according to the serum concentrations of retinol, was 14%, and of this percentage 23.3% had NB according to the standardized interview, and 22.0% according to electroretinography. NB diagnosed by both methods showed an association with VAD according to the serum concentrations of retinol. Of these individuals with NB, according to the standardized interview, 6.9% showed severe VAD, 10.3% moderate VAD and 82.8% marginal VAD. Conclusion: The standardized interview for the diagnosis of NB can be a good strategy to evaluate the nutritional status of vitamin A, and it is a simple, non-invasive and low-cost method.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Objetivo: Comparar el diagnóstico de NB mediante el uso de la entrevista estandarizada de la Organización Mundial de la Salud/Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OMS/OPS) con electrorretinografía, y también evaluar la asociación de estos diagnósticos con las concentraciones séricas de retinol en la clase III personas obesas. Métodos: se estudiaron pacientes adultos de ambos sexos, en el grupo de 20 a 60 años de edad, con un IMC ≥ 40 kg/m². La NB se diagnosticó mediante electrorretinografía y la entrevista estandarizada validada por la OMS/OPS. El nivel sérico de retinol se cuantificó mediante el método HPLC-UV, y el DVA se diagnosticó cuando los niveles eran <1.05 µmol / L, y también se evaluó la gravedad. El análisis estadístico se realizó a través del Paquete Estadístico para las Ciencias Sociales, versión 21.0 (p <0.05). Resultados: IMC promedio fue de 44.9 ± 11.8 kg / m², y se encontró una correlación negativa en los niveles séricos de retinol (p = 0.01). La prevalencia de DVA, según las concentraciones séricas de retinol, fue del 14%, y de este porcentaje, el 23,3% tenía NB de acuerdo con la entrevista estandarizada y el 22,0% según la electrorretinografía. La NB diagnosticada por ambos métodos mostró una asociación con VAD según las concentraciones séricas de retinol. De estos individuos con NB, según la entrevista estandarizada, el 6,9% mostró VAD grave, el 10,3% de VAD moderado y el 82,8% de VAD marginal. Conclusión: la entrevista estandarizada para el diagnóstico de NB puede ser una buena estrategia para evaluar el estado nutricional de la vitamina A, y es un método simple, no invasivo y de bajo costo.