Inadequacy of Vitamin D Does Not Interfere with Body Weight Loss in Women of Reproductive Age after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.

Objective: To assess the influence of vitamin D on body weight loss in women who had previously undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Methodology: This is an analytical, longitudinal and retrospective study comprising 40 women of reproductive age who had previously undergone RYGB. To investigate the influence of the serum concentrations of vitamin D on body weight reduction, the variables were analyzed in the pre-operative period (T0), in the first (T1) and in the second postoperative year (T2) and were stratified according to the BMI measured in T1 and T2. In addition, in the pre-operative period, participants were subdivided into groups based on adequacy (G1), deficiency (G2) and insufficiency (G3), according to their serum concentrations of vitamin D. Results: Although weight loss occurred in a substantial way in T1, it continued to decrease in T2 (p = 0.017). The women who reached normal weight within two years of surgery showed the lowest vitamin D concentrations preoperatively when compared to those who were overweight (p = 0.011). Women with preoperative vitamin D deficiency showed increased concentrations in the assessed times (p < 0.001), while the opposite (p = 0.001) occurred in women with adequacy. Conclusion: The study showed that inadequacy of vitamin D does not interfere with weight loss in the two-year-follow-up after RYGB and highlights that vitamin D can present a differentiated response postoperatively, to the detriment of the pre-operative period.

Vitamin A nutritional status in patients with coronary artery disease and its correlation with the severity of the disease.

INTRODUCTION: the purpose of this study was to assess the vitamin A (VA) nutritional status of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and its correlation with the severity of the disease, taking into consideration zinc concentration and oxidative stress. METHODS: the patients were preoperative inpatients awaiting myocardial revascularization surgery. The serum concentrations of retinol, ß-carotene, zinc, malondialdehyde (MDA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were quantified. CAD severity was assessed by cineangiography, observing the parameters of severity, extent and occlusion. An echocardiogram was performed to assess the ejection fraction. RESULTS: ninety individuals were studied (64.5 ± 9.6 years). Zinc did not correlate with retinol (r = -0.009/p = 0.40), ß-carotene (r = -0.06/p = 0.73) or MDA (r = 0.03/p = 0.70), but zinc deficiency was more frequent amongst the patients with high MDA (quartiles 50 and 75). CRP was found to be associated with retinol (x2 = 3.95/p = 0.04). The individuals with retinol deficiency had more severe CAD, and ß-carotene diminished as the extent score rose, although this was not statistically significant (p = 0.12). The degree of severity was associated to extent (x2 = 67.9)/(p < 0.001), occlusion (x2 = 34.5/p < 0.001) and CRP (x2 = 5.9/p = 0.05), while extent was associated with MDA (x2 = 42.1)/(p < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between the ejection fraction and ß-carotene (r = 0.42/p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: findings from this study indicate that chronic inflammation resulting from atherosclerosis is related to disease severity and consequent influence on nutritional status of VA.

Vitamin a nutritional status in patients with coronary artery disease and its correlation with the severity of the disease / Estado nutricional de la vitamina A en pacientes con enfermedad coronaria y su correlación con la gravedad de la enfermedad

Indroduction: the purpose of this study was to assess the vitamin A (VA) nutritional status of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and its correlation with the severity of the disease, taking into consideration zinc concentration and oxidative stress. Methods: the patients were preoperative inpatients awaiting myocardial revascularization surgery. The serum concentrations of retinol, Beta-carotene, zinc, malondialdehyde (MDA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were quantified. CAD severity was assessed by cineangiography, observing the parameters of severity, extent and occlusion. An echocardiogram was performed to assess the ejection fraction. Results: ninety individuals were studied (64.5 ± 9.6 years). Zinc did not correlate with retinol (r = -0.009/p = 0.40), Beta-carotene (r = -0.06/p = 0.73) or MDA (r = 0.03/p = 0.70), but zinc deficiency was more frequent amongst the patients with high MDA (quartiles 50 and 75). CRP was found to be associated with retinol (x2 = 3.95/p = 0.04). The individuals with retinol deficiency had more severe CAD, and Beta-carotene diminished as the extent score rose, although this was not statistically significant (p = 0.12). The degree of severity was associated to extent (x2 = 67.9)/(p < 0.001), occlusion (x2 = 34.5/p < 0.001) and CRP (x2 = 5.9/p = 0.05), while extent was associated with MDA (x2 = 42.1)/(p < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between the ejection fraction and β-carotene (r = 0.42/p = 0.02).Conclusion: findings from this study indicate that chronic inflammation resulting from atherosclerosis is related to disease severity and consequent influence on nutritional status of VA

Introducción: el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el estado nutricional de la vitamina A (VA) de pacientes con enfermedad coronaria (EAC) y su correlación con la gravedad de la enfermedad, teniendo en cuenta la concentración de zinc y el estrés oxidativo. Métodos: los pacientes fueron pacientes internados preoperatorios en espera de cirugía de revascularización miocárdica. Las concentraciones séricas de retinol, Beta-caroteno, zinc, malondialdehído (MDA) y proteína C-reactiva (CRP) fueron cuantificados. La gravedad del CAD fue evaluada por cineangiografía, observando los parámetros de severidad, extensión y oclusión. Se realizó un ecocardiograma para evaluar la fracción de eyección. Resultados: se estudiaron noventa individuos (64,5 ± 9,6 años). El zinc no se correlaciona con retinol (r = -0,009 / p = 0.40), (R)-caroteno (r = -0,06 / p = 0,73) o MDA (r = 0,03 / p = 0,70), pero la deficiencia de zinc fue más frecuente entre los pacientes con MDA alta (cuartiles 50 y 75). CRP era encontrado asociado con retinol (x2 = 3,95 / p = 0,04). Los individuos con deficiencia de retinol tuvieron CAD más severa y disminuyeron el Beta-caroteno a medida que aumentaba el puntaje de la extensión, aunque esto no era estadísticamente significativo (p = 0,12). El grado de severidad se asoció a la extensión (x2 = 67,9) / (p < 0,001), oclusión (x2 = 34,5 / p < 0,001) y CRP (x2 = 5,9 / p = 0,05), mientras que la extensión se asoció con MDA (x2 = 42,1) / (p < 0,001). Ahí fue una correlación positiva entre la fracción de eyección y el Beta-caroteno (r = 0,42 / p = 0,02). Conclusión: los hallazgos de este estudio indican que la inflamación crónica resultante de la aterosclerosis está relacionada con la gravedad de la enfermedad y el consiguiente influencia sobre el estado nutricional de VA

Comparative study of the nutritional status of vitamin A in pregnant women and in women who became pregnant or did not after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass / Estudio comparativo del estado nutricional de la vitamina A en mujeres embarazadas y en mujeres que quedaron embarazadas o no tras el bypass gástrico en Y de Roux

Introduction: the changes in digestive physiology after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), as well as pregnancy, maximizes the risk of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and both can result in harm to the mother and child health. Objective: to compare the nutritional status of vitamin A among women who became pregnant or did not after RYGB and in pregnant women who did not undergo surgery, and to assess the impact of VAD on the mother and child health. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study of the analytical type. The women were divided into: group 1 (G1) with 80 pregnant women; group 2 (G2) with 40 pregnant women who had previously undergone RYGB, both in their third trimester of pregnancy; and group 3 (G3) with 77 non-pregnant women who had previously undergone RYGB. Serum concentrations of retinol and β-carotene, night blindness (NB), gestational and neonatal intercurrences were investigated. The significance level adopted was p < 0.05. Results: RYGB, per se, had a greater impact on the inadequacy of retinol, β-carotene, and on the increased percentage of NB when compared to non-surgical pregnant women. When surgery was associated with pregnancy, more than 75% of inadequacy of retinol and β-carotene was noted, as well as a higher percentage of individuals with NB. G2 also showed increased prevalence ratio for developing gestational and neonatal intercurrences, when compared to G1. Conclusion: RYGB provides greater negative impact on the nutritional status of vitamin A compared to pregnancy, and surgery associated with pregnancy can create even greater risks

Introducción: los cambios en la fisiología digestiva después del bypass gástrico en Y de Roux (BGYR), así como la gestación, maximizan el riesgo de deficiencia de vitamina A (DVA), ambos pueden resultar dañinos para la salud materna e infantil. Objetivo: comparar el estado nutricional de la vitamina A entre las mujeres que quedaron embarazadas o no después del BGYR y en embarazadas que no se sometieron a cirugía, y evaluar el impacto del DVA en la salud de la madre y el niño. Métodos: se trata de un estudio transversal del tipo analítico. La cohorte se dividió en: grupo 1 (G1) 80 mujeres embarazadas; grupo 2 (G2) 40 mujeres embarazadas que habían sido sometidas anteriormente a BGYR, ambos en su tercer trimestre de gestación; y grupo 3 (G3), 77 mujeres no embarazadas que habían previamente sometido a BGYR. Se investigaron las concentraciones séricas de retinol y β-caroteno, ceguera nocturna (CN), intercurrencias gestacionales y neonatales. Resultados: BGYR, por sí mismo, tuvo un mayor impacto en la inadecuación de retinol, β-caroteno y en el aumento del porcentaje de CN en comparación con las mujeres embarazadas no quirúrgicas. Cuando la cirugía se asoció con el embarazo, se observó más del 75% de la inadecuación de retinol y β-caroteno, así como un mayor porcentaje de individuos con CN. El G2 también mostró una mayor proporción de prevalencia para desarrollar intercurrencias, en comparación con el G1. Conclusión: BGYR proporciona un mayor impacto negativo sobre el estado nutricional de la vitamina A en comparación con el embarazo; la cirugía asociada con el embarazo puede proporcionar aún mayores riesgos