The impact of COVID-19 post-infection on the cognition of adults from Peru.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic, with over 83 million confirmed cases and 1.8 million deaths, has raised concerns about long-term cognitive issues, especially in populations facing disparities. Despite a few years since Peru's first COVID-19 wave, the cognitive effects on adults remain unclear. This study is the first in Peru to explore COVID-19's impact on general cognition and executive function. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study compared individuals with COVID-19 history to controls, assessing general cognition, verbal fluency, attention, and executive function. Among 240 assessed, 154 met the study inclusion criteria, with about 60% female and an average age of 38.89 ± 16.001 years. Groups included controls (n = 42), acute phase (AP, n = 74) (1-14 days of symptoms), and hyperinflammatory phase (HP, n = 38) (>14 days of symptoms). Results: Significant cognitive differences were observed. The HP group exhibited lower general cognitive performance (p = 0.02), working memory (p = 0.01), and executive function (planning; p < 0.001; flexibility; p = 0.03) than controls. Those with <14 days of illness (AP vs. HP) had deficits in general cognitive performance (p = 0.02), working memory (p = 0.02), and planning (p < 0.001), mainly during the hyperinflammatory phase, showing differences in working memory (p = 0.003) and planning (p = 0.01). Gender differences emerged, with males in the HP phase having poorer working memory (p = 0.003) and planning (p = 0.01). Discussion: This study underscores COVID-19's negative impact on cognitive function, even in mild cases, with potential heightened effects in men during acute or hyperinflammatory phases. The findings provide Peru's first evidence, highlighting the vulnerability of populations facing socioeconomic disparities.

[Psychometric properties of the recovery experience scale in Peruvian salaried workers]. / Propiedades psicométricas de la escala de experiencias de recuperación en trabajadores dependientes peruanos.

INTRODUCTION: After facing a health crisis, it is important for workers to develop recovery experiences; therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the recovery experience scale in Peruvian salaried workers. METHOD: A cross-sectional study of 462 salaried workers of both sexes, between 20 and 66 years of age, from the three regions of Peru, who participated voluntarily. The participants were recruited from companies in the financial, tourism, education, health and telecommunications sectors. The survey instrument was the recovery experience scale, which had been previously validated for Peruvian teachers. The internal structure was analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha (?) coefficient and convergent validity through Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The confirmatory factor analysis showed an adequate fit for the original four-factor structure (x2= 141.782, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.981, RMSEA = 0.065 and SRMR = 0.035). The resulting factor loadings were between 0.71 and 0.90 and the internal consistency ? between 0.81 and 0.92. With respect to convergent validity, direct and significant correlations were found between the recovery experience dimensions and the general well-being scale (r= 0.126 to r=0.287). CONCLUSIONS: The recovery experience scale demonstrates validity, based on internal structure, reliability and convergent validity, and can be used in the occupational health management of Peruvian salaried workers.

OBJETIVO: analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de experiencias de recuperación en trabajadores dependientes (asalariados) peruanos. Método: estudio transversal donde participaron voluntariamente 462 trabajadores dependientes de ambos sexos, de entre 20 a 66 años de edad, de las tres regiones del Perú. Los participantes fueron reclutados de empresas del sector financiero, turismo, educación, salud y telecomunicaciones. El instrumento objeto de validación fue la escala de experiencias de recuperación validada para profesores peruanos. Se analizó la estructura interna mediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio, la consistencia interna con el coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach y la validez convergente a través del coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. RESULTADOS: el análisis factorial confirmatorio reportó un ajuste adecuado para la estructura original de cuatro factores (x2= 141.782., p < 0,001, CFI = 0,981, RMSEA = 0,065. y SRMR = 0,035). Las cargas factoriales resultantes se encuentran entre 0,71 y 0,90 y la consistencia interna ? entre 0,81 y 0,92. Con respecto a la validez convergente, se hallaron correlaciones directas y significativas entre las dimensiones de experiencias de recuperación y la escala de bienestar general (r= 0,126 a r=0,287). CONCLUSIONES: la escala de experiencias de recuperación demuestra validez basada en la estructura interna, fiabilidad y validez convergente, y puede ser aplicada en la gestión de la salud ocupacional para trabajadores dependientes peruanos.

Propiedades psicométricas de la escala de experiencias de recuperación en trabajadores dependientes peruanos / Psychometric properties of the recovery experience scale in Peruvian salaried workers

Objetivo: analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de experiencias de recupera-ción en trabajadores dependientes (asalariados) peruanos.Método: estudio transversal donde participaron voluntariamente 462 trabajadores depen-dientes de ambos sexos, de entre 20 a 66 años de edad, de las tres regiones del Perú. Los participantes fueron reclutados de empresas del sector financiero, turismo, educación, salud y telecomunicaciones. El instrumento objeto de validación fue la escala de experien-cias de recuperación validada para profesores peruanos. Se analizó la estructura interna mediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio, la consistencia interna con el coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach y la validez convergente a través del coeficiente de correlación de Pearson.Resultados: el análisis factorial confirmatorio reportó un ajuste adecuado para la estructura original de cuatro factores (x2= 141.782., p < 0,001, CFI = 0,981, RMSEA = 0,065. y SRMR = 0,035). Las cargas factoriales resultantes se encuentran entre 0,71 y 0,90 y la consistencia interna α entre 0,81 y 0,92. Con respecto a la validez convergente, se hallaron correlaciones directas y significativas entre las dimensiones de experiencias de recuperación y la escala de bienestar general (r= 0,126 a r=0,287).Conclusiones: la escala de experiencias de recuperación demuestra validez basada en la estructura interna, fiabilidad y validez convergente, y puede ser aplicada en la gestión de la salud ocupacional para trabajadores dependientes peruanos (AU)

Introduction: After facing a health crisis, it is important for workers to develop recovery ex-periences; therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the recovery experience scale in Peruvian salaried workers.Method: A cross-sectional study of 462 salaried workers of both sexes, between 20 and 66 years of age, from the three regions of Peru, who participated voluntarily. The partici-pants were recruited from companies in the financial, tourism, education, health and tele-communications sectors. The survey instrument was the recovery experience scale, which had been previously validated for Peruvian teachers. The internal structure was analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha (α) coefficient and convergent validity through Pearson's correlation coefficient.Results: The confirmatory factor analysis showed an adequate fit for the original four-factor structure (x2= 141.782, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.981, RMSEA = 0.065 and SRMR = 0.035). The re-sulting factor loadings were between 0.71 and 0.90 and the internal consistency α between 0.81 and 0.92. With respect to convergent validity, direct and significant correlations were found between the recovery experience dimensions and the general well-being scale (r= 0.126 to r=0.287). Conclusions: The recovery experience scale demonstrates validity, based on internal struc-ture, reliability and convergent validity, and can be used in the occupational health manage-ment of Peruvian salaried workers (AU)