Effects of body-oriented therapies on the negative symptoms in people with schizophrenia: A systematic review.

In a stabilized phase of schizophrenia, negative symptoms are evident, on which body-oriented therapies can act. This systematic review examines the scientific evidence of the effects of all body-oriented therapies on the negative symptoms in people with schizophrenia and the effects of each type of body-oriented therapies on the negative symptoms in people with schizophrenia. To carry out this systematic review, the PRISMA guidelines were followed. The research was carried out through Pubmed, Cochrane, Web of Science, APAPsycNet, Science Direct, Scopus and the VHL Regional Portal. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the PEDro scale and data synthesis was performed. There were included 18 studies with the following interventions: creative arts, mind-body interventions, and body psychotherapy. Negative symptoms (total value), affective blunting, anhedonia, avolition, alogia, asociality, and psychomotor slowing were studied. In conclusion, there is strong scientific evidence that: body-oriented therapies do not promote positive effects on avolition, when it is assessed using the SANS scale; and creative arts reduce the total value of negative symptoms, when assessed by PANSS.

Which Types of Body-Oriented Interventions Promote Preschoolers' Social-Emotional Competence? A Systematic Review.

There has been a recent increase in body-oriented interventions implemented in educational contexts. Body-oriented interventions are grounded on the body-mind relationship, involving body and movement awareness and expression. In this systematic review of the literature on body-oriented interventions implemented in preschool contexts, we review the scope and quality of the quantitative evidence of each type of body-oriented intervention regarding social-emotional competence. Seven databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs. Seven core body-oriented intervention programs were found (e.g., play, relaxation, and psychomotricity). Play programs were the most studied and appear to be the most effective to improve social-emotional competence. Nevertheless, the level of scientific evidence was compromised by the lack of studies with high methodological quality.

Creative dance associated with traditional Portuguese singing as a strategy for active aging: a comparative cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Multimodal forms of exercise can influence several physical and mental factors important for successful aging. In the present study, we introduce a new type of multimodal intervention, combining movement (creative dance) with traditional singing. This study aims to compare physical fitness, functional physical independence, depressive symptoms, general cognitive status, and daytime sleepiness among older adults participating in multimodal exercise, those participating in traditional physical exercise, and those not actively engaged in physical exercise. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 112 people aged ≥ 65 years (75.3 ± 0.7 years) living independently in the community, divided into 3 groups: multimodal exercise (n = 34), traditional exercise (n = 41), and no physical exercise (n = 37). RESULTS: The multimodal exercise group showed greater flexibility of the lower limbs and upper limbs/shoulders and better general cognitive status than the traditional exercise group (p < 0.05). The traditional exercise group had better agility and dynamic balance, aerobic endurance, and strength of the lower and upper limbs than the no-exercise group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the two types of programs studied may have different impacts on some of the variables investigated and support the design of future experimental studies that include interventions based on the combination of creative dance and traditional Portuguese singing.

Key factor cutoffs and interval reference values for stratified fall risk assessment in community-dwelling older adults: the role of physical fitness, body composition, physical activity, health condition, and environmental hazards.

BACKGROUND: Fall risk assessment and determination of older adults' individual risk profiles are crucial elements in fall prevention. As such, it is essential to establish cutoffs and reference values for high and low risk according to key risk factor outcomes. This study main objective was to determine the key physical fitness, body composition, physical activity, health condition and environmental hazard risk outcome cutoffs and interval reference values for stratified fall risk assessment in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: Five-hundred community-dwelling Portuguese older adults (72.2 ± 5.4 years) were assessed for falls, physical fitness, body composition, physical (in) activity, number of health conditions and environmental hazards, and sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS: The established key outcomes and respective cutoffs and reference values used for fall risk stratification were multidimensional balance (low risk: score > 33, moderate risk: score 32-33, high risk: score 30-31, and very high: score < 30); lean body mass (low risk: > 44 kg, moderate risk: 42-44 kg, high risk: 39-41 kg, and very high: < 39 kg); fat body mass (low risk: < 37%, moderate risk: 37-38%, high risk: 39-42%, and very high: > 42%); total physical activity (low risk: > 2800 Met-min/wk., moderate risk: 2300-2800 Met-min/wk., high risk: 1900-2300 Met-min/wk., and very high: < 1900 Met-min/wk); rest period weekdays (low risk: < 4 h/day, moderate risk: 4-4.4 h/day, high risk: 4.5-5 h/day, and very high: > 5 h/day); health conditions (low risk: n < 3, moderate risk: n = 3, high risk: n = 4-5, and very high: n > 5); and environmental hazards (low risk: n < 5, moderate risk: n = 5, high risk: n = 6-8, and very high: n > 8). CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of community-dwelling older adults' fall risk should focus on the above outcomes to establish individual older adults' fall risk profiles. Moreover, the design of fall prevention interventions should manage a person's identified risks and take into account the determined cutoffs and respective interval values for fall risk stratification.

Effects of Body-Oriented Interventions on Preschoolers' Social-Emotional Competence: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVE: A growing body of evidence supports the effectiveness of body-oriented interventions (BOI) in educational contexts, showing positive influences on social-emotional competence. Nevertheless, there is a lack of systematization of the evidence regarding preschool years. This is a two-part systematic review. In this first part, we aim to examine the effects of BOI on preschoolers' social-emotional competence outcomes. DATA SOURCES: Searches were conducted in Pubmed, Scopus, PsycInfo, ERIC, Web of Science, Portal Regional da BVS and CINAHL. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: English, French and Portuguese language articles published between January 2000 and October 2020, that evaluated the effects of BOI implemented in educational contexts on social-emotional competence of preschool children. Only randomized controlled trials (RCT) or quasi-RCT were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two reviewers independently completed data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment. The level of scientific evidence was measured through the Best Evidence Synthesis. RESULTS: Nineteen studies were included. There was strong evidence that BOI do not improve anger/aggression, delay of gratification and altruism. Nevertheless, there was moderate evidence that BOI effectively improve other social-emotional outcomes, such as empathy, social interaction, social independence, general internalizing behaviors, and general externalizing behaviors. The lack of scientific evidence was compromised by the methodological quality of the studies. CONCLUSION: BOI effectively improve specific social-emotional competences of preschool children. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO, identifier CRD42020172248.

Effects of a 10-week multimodal exercise program on physical and cognitive function of nursing home residents: a psychomotor intervention pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Nursing home institutionalization tends to exacerbate loss of functioning. AIMS: Examine the feasibility and the effect of a psychomotor intervention-a multimodal exercise program promoting simultaneous cognitive and motor stimulation-on the executive (planning ability and selective attention) and physical function of nursing home residents. METHODS: Seventeen participants engaged in a 10-week multimodal exercise program and 17 maintained usual activities. RESULTS: Exercise group improved planning ability (25-32%), selective attention (19-67%), and physical function [aerobic endurance, lower body strength, agility, balance, gait, and mobility (19-41%)], corresponding to an effect size ranging from 0.29 (small) to 1.11 (high), p < 0.05. DISCUSSION: The multimodal exercise program was feasible and well tolerated. The program improved executive and physical functions of the nursing home residents, reverting the usual loss of both cognitive and motor functioning in older adult institutionalized. CONCLUSIONS: Multimodal exercise programs may help to maintain or improve nursing home residents' functioning.

Role of physical activity, physical fitness, and chronic health conditions on the physical independence of community-dwelling older adults over a 5-year period.

The variability in the individual characteristics and habits could help determine how older adults maintain independence. The impact of the variability in physical activity, physical fitness, body composition, and chronic health conditions (co-morbidities) on the independence of older adults, especially over time, is seldom examined. This study aims to analyze quantitatively the impact of baseline values and changes in physical activity, physical fitness, body composition, and co-morbidities on the physical independence of community-dwelling, older adults over a 5-year period. Data from 106 and 85 community-dwelling adults (≥60 years) were collected at baseline and after five years, respectively. Linear regression selected the main predictors of changes in physical independence as follows: the baseline physical independence (ß=0.032, R(2)=9.9%) and co-morbidities (ß=-0.191, R(2)=6.3%) and the changes in co-morbidities (ß=-0.244, R(2)=10.8%), agility (ß=-0.288, R(2)=6.7%), aerobic endurance (ß=0.007, R(2)=3.2%), and walking expenditure (ß=0.001, R(2)=5.1%) (p<0.05). In conclusion, baseline physical independence, baseline co-morbidities, and changes in co-morbidities, walking, agility, and aerobic endurance predicted physical independence over five years regardless of age and gender. Gains of up to 8.3% in physical independence were associated with improvements in these variables, which corresponds to regaining independence for performing one or two activities of daily living.

Movement patterns during the process of standing up in children with spastic diplegia / Padrões de movimento durante o processo de levantar em crianças com diplegia espástica / Patrones de movimiento durante el proceso de levantar en niños con diplejía espástica

The analysis of the movement patterns of children with spastic diplegia (SD) during the process of standing up can contribute to a better understanding of postural control. The purpose of this study was to describe the movement patterns during this task in children with SD and typical development and to analyze the differences according to their age group. Participated 40 children (38-154 months), 20 children with SD and 20 children with typical development. The participants were instructed to lie down in a supine position and quickly stand up (10 trials). Motor task sessions were videotaped and subsequently analyzed. Children with SD had more asymmetrical and less efficient movement patterns in the Upper Limbs (UL), Axial Region (AR) and Lower Limbs (LL). The oldest group of children with SD did not have more mature and efficient movement patterns, and the oldest children with typical development have more mature and efficient movement patterns in the UL and AR.

A análise dos padrões de movimento de crianças com diplegia espástica (DE) durante o movimento de levantar pode contribuir para uma melhor compreensão do controle postural. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever os padrões de movimento durante esta tarefa em crianças com DE e com desenvolvimento típico e analisar as diferenças de acordo com a idade. Participaram 40 crianças (38-154 meses), 20 crianças com DE e 20 crianças com desenvolvimento típico. Os participantes foram instruídos para se deitarem em posição de decúbito dorsal e levantarem-se rapidamente (10 tentativas). As sessões foram gravadas e analisadas posteriormente. As crianças com DE apresentaram padrões de movimentos mais assimétricos e menos eficientes nos Membros Superiores (MS), Região Axial (RA) e Membros Inferiores (MI). As crianças mais velhas com DE não apresentaram padrões de movimento mais maduros e eficientes, e as mais velhas com desenvolvimento típico apresentaram padrões movimentos mais eficientes e maduros nos MS e RA.

El análisis de los patrones de movimiento de los niños con diplejía espástica (DE) durante el movimiento de levantar puede contribuir para una mejor comprensión del control postural. El objetivo del estudio fue describir los patrones de movimiento durante esta tarea en niños con DE y con desarrollo típico y analizar las diferencias en función de la edad. Participaron 40 niños (38-154 meses), 20 niños con DE y 20 niños con desarrollo típico. Los participantes fueron instruidos para que se echaran en decúbito dorsal y se levantaran rápidamente (10 intentos). Las sesiones fueron gravadas y analizadas posteriormente. Los niños con DE presentaron patrones de movimientos más asimétricos y menos eficientes en los miembros superiores (MS), región axial (RA) y miembros inferiores (MI). Los niños más viejos con DE no mostraron patrones de movimiento más eficientes y maduros, y los más viejos con desarrollo típico mostraron patrones de movimientos más eficientes y maduros en los MS y RA.

Programas de exercício na prevenção de lesões em jogadores de futebol: uma revisão sistemática / Exercise programs in the preventing injuries in football players: a systematic review / Programas de ejercicio en la prevención de lesiones en los jugadores de fútbol: una revisión sistemática

Dentre as lesões ocorridas em jogadores de futebol, as lesões dos isquiotibiais são as mais frequentes. Programas de exercício que previnam o seu aparecimento e diminuam a sua recorrência e severidade são de extrema importância para os fisioterapeutas, treinadores e jogadores. Conhecer as evidências científicas sobre a eficácia de programas de exercício na prevenção de lesões dos isquiotibiais, em jogadores de futebol masculino. Os estudos foram selecionados para revisão em diferentes bases de dados. Para avaliar a qualidade metodológica dos estudos e a força de evidência dos resultados utilizou-se a escala da Base de dados de Evidência em Fisioterapia (PEDro) e o sistema de classificação Melhor Síntese de Evidência, respectivamente. Os programas de exercício utilizados foram: força concêntrica e excêntrica; força excêntrica Nordic Hamstrings; The FIFA 11+; e elasticidade. As variáveis estudadas foram a incidência de lesões, a incidência de novas lesões, a recorrência de lesões, a severidade das lesões e o risco de lesão. O programa de força concêntrica e excêntrica e o programa de força excêntrica Nordic Hamstrings parecem ser os mais eficazes na redução da incidência das lesões e da incidência de novas lesões dos isquiotibiais, respetivamente (evidências limitadas). O programa de exercício de força excêntrica Nordic Hamstring não é eficaz na diminuição do risco de lesão (evidências limitada) e na melhoria da severidade das lesões (evidência moderada). O programa The FIFA 11+ não é eficaz na redução da incidência das lesões (evidência limitada). Há evidências contraditórias nas variáveis restantes.

Hamstrings injuries are one of the most frequent injuries in football players. Exercise programs leading to lower levels of injury, diminishing their recurrence and severity are extremely important for coaches, physical therapist and players. To recognize the scientific evidence of the effectiveness of exercise intervention programs in the prevention of hamstring injuries, in male football players. Different studies were selected for revision from several databases. To evaluate the methodological quality of these studies we used the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and determined the strength of the evidence using the best evidence synthesis grading system. The used exercise programs where based in concentric and eccentric strength, the eccentric strength exercise Nordic Hamstrings, The FIFA 11+, and flexibility exercises. The variables studied were: the incidence, the incidence of new injuries, recurrence of injuries, the severity, and the risk of injuries. The concentric and eccentric strength program and the Nordic Hamstrings program seem to be the most effective in reducing the incidence of injuries and the incidence of new injuries, respectively (limited evidence). The Nordic Hamstrings program does not reduce the risk of injuries (limited evidence) and does not improve the level of severity of the injuries (moderate evidence). The FIFA 11+program does not reduce the incidence of injuries (limited evidence). There are contradictory evidences on the other variables.

De entre las lesiones ocurridas en jugadores de fútbol, las lesiones de los isquiotibiales son las más frecuentes. Los programas de ejercicio que prevengan su aparición y disminuyan su recurrencia y severidad son de extrema importancia para los fisioterapeutas, entrenadores y jugadores. Conocer las evidencias científicas sobre la eficacia de programas de ejercicio en la prevención de lesiones de los isquiotibiales, en jugadores de fútbol masculino. Los estudios fueron seleccionados para revisión en diferentes bases de datos. Para evaluar la calidad metodológica de los estudios y la fuerza de evidencia de los resultados se utilizó la escala de Base de datos de evidencia en fisioterapia (PEDro) y el sistema de clasificación Mejor Síntesis de Evidencia, respectivamente. Los programas de ejercicio utilizados fueron: fuerza concéntrica y excéntrica; fuerza excéntrica Nordic Hamstrings; The FIFA 11+; y elasticidad. Las variables estudiadas fueron la incidencia de lesiones, la incidencia de nuevas lesiones, la recurrencia de lesiones, la severidad de las lesiones y el riesgo de lesión. El programa de fuerza concéntrica y excéntrica y el programa de fuerza excéntrica Nordic Hamstrings parecen ser los más eficaces en la reducción de la incidencia de las lesiones y de la incidencia de las nuevas lesiones de los isquiotibiales, respectivamente (evidencias limitadas). El programa de ejercicio de fuerza excéntrica Nordic Hamstrings no es eficaz en la disminución del riesgo de lesión (evidencias limitadas) y tampoco en la mejora de la severidad de las lesiones (evidencia moderada). El programa de The FIFA 11+ no es eficaz en la reducción de la incidencia de las lesiones (evidencia limitada). Hay evidencias contradictorias en las restantes variables.

Creative Dance Improves Physical Fitness and Life Satisfaction in Older Women.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of creative dance on physical fitness and life satisfaction in older women. METHODS: A total of 57 women (65-80 years old) were randomized to either an experimental group or a control group. The experimental group participated in a supervised creative dance program for 24 weeks. Physical fitness (strength, aerobic endurance, flexibility, motor ability/dynamic balance, and body composition) and life satisfaction were assessed pre- and posttreatment (at 12 and 24 weeks) by the Senior Fitness Test and the Life Satisfaction scale, respectively. RESULTS: After the intervention, the experimental group had better physical fitness and life satisfaction when compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: Creative dance has a positive effect in different dimensions of functioning and has the potential to contribute to healthy aging. This could be related to the integrated mobilization of physical, cognitive, and social skills promoted by creative dance.

Does pilates-based exercise improve postural alignment in adult women?

A randomized, controlled trial was conducted to determine the effect of Pilates-based exercise on postural alignment. Seventy-four adult women (mean age ± SD, 34.9 ± 16.4 years) were randomized to a Pilates-based mat class (n = 40) or a control group (n = 34). Pilates-based exercise participants were taught the Initial Mat of Body Control Pilates for 6 months, twice a week, for 60 minutes per session; the control group received no exercise intervention. Repeated measurements were performed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months of the frontal alignment of the thoracolumbar spine, shoulder, and pelvis, and sagittal alignment of the head and pelvis. No differences were found in either group, over time, on frontal alignment of the thoracolumbar spine and pelvis. The experimental group showed significant improvements in frontal alignment of the shoulder and sagittal alignment of the head and pelvis at 6 months. The Pilates-based exercise enhanced some parameters of the postural alignment of women, as measured by frontal alignment of the shoulder and sagittal alignment of the head and pelvis. The significant improvement in sagittal alignment of the head may imply that 6 months of Pilates-based exercise enhances sagittal alignment of the cervical or thoracic spine.

A systematic review of the effects of pilates method of exercise in healthy people.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate evidence for the effectiveness of the Pilates method of exercise (PME) in healthy people. DATA SOURCES: Published research was identified by searching Science Direct, MEDLINE, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, PEDro, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, and Web of Science. STUDY SELECTION: Research studies published from inception to May 7, 2011 were selected for evaluation. Two reviewers independently applied the inclusion criteria to selected potential studies. Studies were included if they were published in a peer-reviewed journal, written in the English language, conducted as a randomized controlled trial (RCT) or quasi-RCT in healthy people, had an inactive and/or exercise control group(s), included key study outcomes, and used the PME as the study intervention in at least 1 study arm. DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers independently extracted data (study, design, subjects, intervention, key outcomes results), applied the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale to assess the method quality of selected studies, and determined the strength of the evidence using the best evidence synthesis grading system. DATA SYNTHESIS: Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. PEDro scale values ranged from 3 to 7 (mean, 4.1), indicating a low level of scientific rigor. The outcomes studied most often were flexibility, muscular endurance, strength, and postural alignment. The PME appears to be effective in improving flexibility (strong evidence), dynamic balance (strong evidence), and muscular endurance (moderate evidence) in healthy people. CONCLUSIONS: There was strong evidence to support the use of the PME at least to the end of training to improve flexibility and dynamic balance and moderate evidence to enhance muscular endurance. Future RCTs should focus on the components of blinding, concealed allocation, subject adherence, intention-to-treat analysis, and follow-up designs.

Effects of Pilates-based exercise on life satisfaction, physical self-concept and health status in adult women.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Pilates-based mat exercises on life satisfaction, perception of appreciation by other people, perception of physical appearance, perception of functionality, total physical self-concept, and perception of health status in healthy women. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in Evora, Portugal, in 2008, in which 62 healthy adult women were randomized to a Pilates-based mat (experimental group) (n = 38, mean age ± SD, 41.08 ± 6.64 years) or a control group (n = 24, mean age ± SD, 40.25 ± 7.70 years). Experimental group participants performed the Initial Mat of Body Control Pilates twice per week, 60-minutes per session. Repeated measurements were performed at baseline, 3 months and 6 months. No significant differences between the two groups were observed in life satisfaction, perception of appreciation by other people, perception of physical appearance, perception of functionality, total physical self-concept, and perception of health status at three time point measures (baseline, after 3 months, and after 6 months). No significant differences were observed in the control group over time. The experimental group showed significant improvements between baseline and six months in life satisfaction (p = .04), perception of appreciation by other people (p = .002), perception of physical appearance (p = .001), perception of functionality (p = .01), total physical self-concept (p = .001), perception of health status (p = .013) and between three and six months in life satisfaction (p = .002), perception of appreciation by other people (p = .05), perception of physical appearance (p = .001), perception of functionality (p = .02), and total physical self-concept (p = .001). Life satisfaction, perception of appreciation by other people, perception of physical appearance, perception of functionality, total physical self-concept and perception of health status may improve after 6 months of Pilates-based mat exercise.