Differences in Tridimensional Shoulder Kinematics between Asymptomatic Subjects and Subjects Suffering from Rotator Cuff Tears by Means of Inertial Sensors: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze differences in three-dimensional shoulder kinematics between asymptomatic subjects and patients who were diagnosed with rotator cuff tears. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 13 symptomatic subjects and 14 asymptomatic subjects. Data were obtained from three inertial sensors placed on the humerus, scapula and sternum. Kinematic data from the glenohumeral, scapulothoracic and thoracohumeral joints were also calculated. The participants performed shoulder abductions and flexions. The principal angles of movements and resultant vectors in each axis were studied. Results: The glenohumeral joint showed differences in abduction (p = 0.001) and flexion (p = 0.000), while differences in the scapulothoracic joint were only significant during flexion (p = 0.001). The asymptomatic group showed higher velocity values in all sensors for both movements, with the differences being significant (p < 0.007). Acceleration differences were found in the scapula during abduction (p = 0.001) and flexion (p = 0.014), as well as in the sternum only during shoulder abduction (p = 0.022). Conclusion: The results showed kinematic differences between the patients and asymptomatic subjects in terms of the mobility, velocity and acceleration variables, with lower values for the patients.

Tumores de los nervios periféricos: estudio retrospectivo de 66 casos / Peripheral nerve tumours: A 66-case retrospective study

ANTECEDENTES/OBJETIVOS: Los tumores de los nervios periféricos son lesiones poco frecuentes que se categorizan en general dentro de los tumores de partes blandas, por lo que suelen ser manejados por diferentes disciplinas quirúrgicas, como cirugía plástica, cirugía ortopédica y traumatológica, dermatología, cirugía general y neurocirugía. Un conocimiento apropiado en cuanto a la indicación terapéutica y el manejo quirúrgico es fundamental de cara a evitar un déficit neurológico en el paciente. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio restrospectivo donde se presenta la experiencia conjunta de 2 equipos quirúrgicos especializados en la cirugía de los nervios periféricos, 66 lesiones tumorales, en un total de 64 pacientes. RESULTADOS: La localización más frecuente fue el miembro inferior y el miembro superior con 48 lesiones tumorales. El diagnóstico anatomopatológico más frecuente fue el de schwannoma, con un 51,5%. La resección tumoral completa se logró en el 81,8% de las lesiones y siempre con estimulación o monitorización neurofisiológica. La complicación posquirúrgica más frecuente fue el dolor neuropático o un trastorno sensitivo transitorio en el 15% de las cirugías, apareciendo solo un déficit motor persistente en 2 casos que requirieron reconstrucción con injerto nervioso. CONCLUSIONES: Si bien el manejo terapéutico de los tumores benignos como los schwannomas puede considerarse relativamente sencillo aplicando los conceptos básicos en microcirugía de los nervios periféricos, los tumores malignos, si bien son muy infrecuentes, requieren de un manejo multidisciplinar. La opción de la biopsia prequirúrgica a día de hoy sigue siendo un tema controvertido y sin acuerdo entre los diferentes autores; en nuestra opinión, no es necesaria su realización de forma percutánea en la mayoría de los casos

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Peripheral nerve tumours (PNT) are rare lesions that are generally categorised as soft tissue tumours, so they are usually managed by a range of surgical disciplines such as plastic, orthopaedic and trauma surgery, dermatology, general surgery and neurosurgery. Appropriate knowledge of the therapeutic indication and surgical management are essential in order to avoid neurological deficit. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 66 tumour lesions in 64 patients, acquired from the joint experience of 2 surgical teams specialised in peripheral nerve surgery. RESULTS: The most common location was the lower limb and upper limb with 48 tumour lesions. The most common pathological diagnosis was Schwannoma, accounting for 51.5%. Complete tumour resection was achieved in 81.8% of the lesions and always with neurophysiological stimulation and/or monitoring. The most common postsurgical complication was neuropathic pain and/or a transient sensory disorder in 15% of surgeries, with only one persistent motor deficit appearing in 2cases that required nerve graft reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS: Although the therapeutic management of benign tumours such as Schwannomas can be considered to be relatively simple thanks to the application of the basic concepts of peripheral nerve microsurgery, malignant tumors, despite being very rare, require multidisciplinary management. The option of pre-surgical biopsy remains a controversial issue and no consensus has been reached among the different authors. In our opinion, percutaneous biopsy is not necessary in most cases

Peripheral nerve tumours: A 66-case retrospective study. / Tumores de los nervios periféricos: estudio retrospectivo de 66 casos.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Peripheral nerve tumours (PNT) are rare lesions that are generally categorised as soft tissue tumours, so they are usually managed by a range of surgical disciplines such as plastic, orthopaedic and trauma surgery, dermatology, general surgery and neurosurgery. Appropriate knowledge of the therapeutic indication and surgical management are essential in order to avoid neurological deficit. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 66 tumour lesions in 64 patients, acquired from the joint experience of 2surgical teams specialised in peripheral nerve surgery. RESULTS: The most common location was the lower limb and upper limb with 48 tumour lesions. The most common pathological diagnosis was Schwannoma, accounting for 51.5%. Complete tumour resection was achieved in 81.8% of the lesions and always with neurophysiological stimulation and/or monitoring. The most common postsurgical complication was neuropathic pain and/or a transient sensory disorder in 15% of surgeries, with only one persistent motor deficit appearing in 2cases that required nerve graft reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS: Although the therapeutic management of benign tumours such as Schwannomas can be considered to be relatively simple thanks to the application of the basic concepts of peripheral nerve microsurgery, malignant tumors, despite being very rare, require multidisciplinary management. The option of pre-surgical biopsy remains a controversial issue and no consensus has been reached among the different authors. In our opinion, percutaneous biopsy is not necessary in most cases.

Assessment of abduction motion in patients with rotator cuff tears: an analysis based on inertial sensors.

BACKGROUND: Reduced range of motion in the shoulder can be a source of functional limitation. The use of inertial sensors to quantify movement in addition to more common clinical assessments of the shoulder may allow clinicians to understand that they are potentially unnoticed by visual identification. The aim of this study was to generate an explanatory model for shoulder abduction based on data from inertial sensors. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out to generate an explanatory model of shoulder abduction based on data from inertial sensors. Shoulder abduction of thirteen older adults suffering from shoulder dysfunction was recorded with two inertial sensors placed on the humerus and scapula. Movement variables (maximum angular mobility, angular peak of velocity, peak of acceleration) were used to explain the functionality of the upper limb assessed using the Upper Limb Functional Index (ULFI). The abduction movement of the shoulder was explained by six variables related to the mobility of the shoulder joint complex. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to explain the results obtained on the functionality of the upper limb. RESULTS: The MANOVA model based on angular mobility explained 69% of the variance of the ULFI value (r-squared = 0.69). The most relevant variables were the abduction-adduction of the humerus and the medial/lateral rotation of the scapula. CONCLUSIONS: The method used in the present study reveals the potential importance of the analysis of the scapular and humeral movements for comprehensive evaluation of the upper limb. Further research should include a wider sample and may seek to use this assessment technique in a range of potential clinical applications.

Novedades en artroplastia de hombro en 2015 / Update in shoulder surgery 2015: arthroplasty

La indicación en la cirugía de sustitución protésica del hombro ha cambiado de una forma drástica en los últimos años, hemos pasado del tratamiento con prótesis parciales para fracturas agudas al uso de prótesis inversas, la prótesis anatómica ha perdido terreno hasta el punto de que en muchos hospitales la prótesis invertida ha superado con creces a la prótesis anatómica. También podemos decir que las indicaciones de prótesis han variado, así hemos ampliado el uso de la prótesis inversa que fue desarrollada para el tratamiento de las artropatías por manguito rotador. Estos implantes en la actualidad se usan además como recurso para fracturas y recambios. En este artículo intentamos hacer una puesta al día de los problemas más frecuentes de las artroplastias y además se hace una revisión de lo publicado en los últimos años haciendo mayor hincapié en los artículos publicados en el JSES, JBJS y los ICL de la AAOS. De forma resumida se valoran las complicaciones que afectan a las prótesis de hombro

Changes in replacement surgery in the shoulder have happened recently: reverse shoulder prosthesis for acute fractures, and more indications for reverse shoulder arthroplasty than before. In this paper an update of most frequent concepts in shoulder surgery during 2015 is performed

Treatment of proximal interphalangeal joint flexion contracture: combined static and dynamic orthotic intervention compared with other therapy intervention: a randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: To test the effectiveness of static and dynamic orthoses using them as an exclusive treatment for proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint flexion contracture compared with other hand therapy conservative treatments described in the literature. METHODS: 60 patients who used orthoses were compared with a control group that received other hand therapy treatments. Clinical assessments were measured before the experiment and 3 months after and included active PIP joint extension and function. RESULTS: A significant improvement in the extension active range of motion at the PIP joint in the second measurement was found in both groups, but it was significantly greater in the experimental group. Improvement in function (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score) between the first and second assessment was similar in the control and experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS: Using night progressive static and daily dynamic orthoses as an exclusive treatment during the proliferative phase led to significant improvements in the PIP joint active extension, but the improvement did not correlate with increased function as perceived by the patient. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic I.